Liu Yuxi’s poems, (mark famous lines)

Inscription on a humble house

If the mountain is not high, it will be famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The upper steps of the moss marks are green, and the color of the grass is green. There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people when coming and going. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: "What is so shameful?"

Translation:

The mountain does not have to be high, as long as there are immortals, it will be famous. The water doesn’t have to be deep, as long as there is a dragon, it will be magical. Although this is a simple house, it doesn't feel simple anymore because of my good moral character. The green moss grows up to the steps, and the green grass is reflected in the curtains. Those who talk and laugh with me are knowledgeable people, and there is no one who is ignorant of learning among me. You can play the simple guqin and read precious Buddhist scriptures. There is no loud music to disturb the ears, and no official documents to tire the body and mind. It is like the thatched cottage of Zhuge Liang in Nanyang and the Xuanting of Yangziyun in Xishu. Confucius said: "What's so simple?"

Cut a field song

The flowers and grass on the hillside are everywhere, and the swallows fly east and west. The fields look like a line, and the white water has uneven light. The peasant woman wears a white plaid skirt, and the peasant father wears a green coir raincoat. Singing Yingzhong songs together, the sound is like bamboo branches. But when I hear the sound of resentment, I don’t recognize the slang words. If you laugh every now and then, you will laugh at each other. The seedlings are scattered everywhere, and the countryside is full of fireworks. The yellow dog goes back and forth, the red rooster crows and pecks. Who is the man on the roadside? His black hoodie has long sleeves. He said that he was an official and left the imperial hometown when he was young. Mr. Tian's words are about planning officials, and the people in the Jun family are sure to be familiar with them. As soon as I came to Chang'an Road, my eyes were wide open. The planner smiled and said, Chang'an is really a great place. The provincial gate is high in Ke'e, and there are countless farmers in it. Yesterday I came to mend the guards, but they only used tubes of bamboo cloth. You see, in two or three years, I will become an official.

Liu Yuxi (772-842), courtesy name Mengde, was originally a descendant of the Huns. He changed his surname to Han during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and took up his native place in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province). When the Anshi Rebellion broke out, his family fled to Jiaxing. (Today's Jiaxing, Zhejiang). A famous writer and thinker in the Tang Dynasty. During the Zhenyuan period of Dezong's reign, he was awarded the rank of Jinshi, and also passed the erudite and macroci subjects, and was appointed as the supervisory censor. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang Shuwen was appointed to reform politics, and Liu Yuxi was the core figure in his political group, known as the "Two Kings Liu Liu" in history. After the reform failed, he was demoted to another place and was recalled to the capital more than 20 years later. Liu Yuxi was a political reformer and a thinker with simple materialism. His political and philosophical thoughts were reflected in many literary works. His poetry creation was majestic and solemn, and he was good at absorbing the nutrition of folk songs. He wrote many folk song works, which were smooth and fresh, and had a great influence on later generations.

This is a new Yuefu poem written during the period when Liu Yuxi was demoted to Lianzhou Governor. The poem narrates the scene of farmers planting rice and the dialogue between farmers and planners in the form of folk songs. Judging from the preface of the poem "To those who are waiting to pick poems", it clearly has the purpose of satirizing the government. The first twelve sentences describe the spring scenery of the village and the situation of farmers planting fields. They sing songs of resentment and laugh from time to time, revealing the farmers' dissatisfaction with reality and their bold and free character, which foreshadows the rest of the story. In the fourth sentence, the flat seedlings in the paddy fields and the evening photos of the village imply that the rice transplanting has been completed and the farmers have returned to the village, which directly leads to the following. The last sixteen sentences describe the appearance of the planner and his dialogue with the farmers who returned to the village. Through the planner's self-narration, a picture of vulgarity and vanity is vividly painted, and he is recorded paying bribes with "bamboo cloth" to "compensate the guards." "Facts. Shangjili refers to scribes assigned by local governments to handle affairs at the central level. Tongzhu cloth was a precious fine cloth at that time. This poem compares farmers and planners and records their dialogue. It actually expresses the poet's profound criticism of the corruption phenomenon of selling officials and conferring titles.

The dim mirror's words

The dim mirror is not a dollar, but its value is lost indifferently. A person with a bad appearance often deceives himself, saying that he is as bright as a mirror. The flaws are gone, and the beauty is random. I take four or five photos a day and say that I am beautiful. The ribbon is decorated with embroidery and the box is decorated with Qiongying. Isn't the Qin Palace heavy? If it is not suitable, it is light.

There is an introduction at the beginning of this poem, which describes how mirror workers make mirrors. The dim mirror is ten times as bright as the bright mirror to cater to people's likes and dislikes. The poem emphasizes that the material of the dusk mirror is poor, but it is suitable for "self-deception" by "ugly-faced" people. Because it has no flaws and feels beautiful, it is regarded as a treasure. The last two sentences reveal the main idea. The value of the bright mirror and the dark mirror fundamentally lies in "fitness" and "discomfort". Qin Palace, it is said that there is a precious mirror in Qin Palace, which represents the pointing mirror. Using mirrors as metaphors has profound meanings. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once said, "Using copper as a mirror, you can straighten your clothes; using ancient times as a mirror, you can know the ups and downs; using people as a mirror, you can understand gains and losses." Liu Yuxi used "Qin Palace" as a metaphor for a bright mirror. , and Taizong was once the king of Qin. He obviously took Taizong's inspiration and ridiculed Xianzong as a eunuch and agent of the vassal town for his unscrupulous behavior of forcing Shunzong to "inner Zen" and his fatuous politics of favoring the faint and abandoning the bright.

Gathering Mosquito Ballads

The hall is open in the deep summer night, and the flying mosquitoes are waiting for you with a dark sound like thunder.

The noise was appalling at first, and it sounded like it was coming from Nanshan. Noisy and encouraging, happy and dim, the ignorant will not distinguish and the wise will be confused. The dewdrops drop and the moon rises to the sky, its sharp mouth welcomes people but cannot be seen. My seven-foot body is like a glow, and I am alone and can be injured by all. Nature is sometimes unstoppable, so I set up a bed for you. When the autumn dawn came in the Qing Dynasty and Shang Dynasty, I was ashamed to feed a small red bird.

This poem was written during the period when Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou after the failure of Yongzhen's reform. After the failure of Yongzhen's revolution, political opponents in the DPRK and China spread rumors and slanders those involved in Wang Shuwen's political group, and continued to exclude and attack them. Liu Yuxi wrote this poem because he felt the harshness of reality. The poem uses a group of mosquitoes as a metaphor for numerous political opponents, revealing their insidiousness and viciousness, and predicts that they will eventually be eliminated, expressing a firm political stance and belief. The first eight sentences focus on describing the characteristics of mosquitoes "waiting for darkness" and "loving darkness". The middle four sentences describe the only temporary avoidance attitude towards many flying mosquitoes. The last two sentences predict that flying mosquitoes will inevitably perish when the autumn wind blows. Kuangxian refers to a square bed. Dan bird, that is, firefly. The whole poem is written about mosquitoes, and each sentence has a moral meaning. The language is simple, the voice is exciting, the character is strong, and the sarcasm is powerful.

A hundred tongues chant

The dawn stars are few and the spring clouds are low, and for the first time I hear the cries of a hundred tongues. Flowers and willows fill the empty space, and the swaying flowers and red rain fall. The reeds and reeds sing with many sounds, and the oriole swallows its sound and is speechless. The sun rises slowly in the east, enjoying the wind and the scenery as if you are proud of yourself. The sound flew away again and again, how could we meet on the green poplar road. The wildness seems to entertain people, and there are so many tongues in one mind. The fair-faced young knight stopped to listen to the song, and the enchantress fell asleep to listen to it. When will the pitiable situation end? Who can avoid the falcon? Tingwei Zhang Luo did not shut himself up, but Pan Lang took the bullet and was ruthless. You are born in the feather clan, how small you are, the tip of your tongue is changing and taking advantage of the spring brilliance. The red bird from the south flew under the grass in silence and loneliness once we saw it.

This poem uses the changeable sound of the crow as a parody of the song of a hundred birds to satirize the clever and changeable snobs in the political life at that time. Baitongue is the name of a bird, that is, the blackbird, which can imitate the song of hundreds of birds. The first ten sentences focus on the season and environment in which the Mouse moves, and vividly describe the voice and demeanor of its deliberate showoff and triumphant crow. The last eight sentences focus on revealing the crisis in Mozu's situation and the bleak prospects. On the one hand, there are the raids of falcons and the ejections of young heroes; on the other hand, once the autumn wind blows, the morillas will shudder desolately and hide under the grass in a hurry, flying around without making a sound anymore. Zhuniao, also known as Zhuque, is one of the four astronomical phenomena, including the seven constellations in the south, which here refers to autumn. The ending of the poem, "Silent and Silent" and "Flying Under the Artemisia", are in sharp contrast with the previous "Singing and reciting hundreds of tunes" and "Bearing the wind and enjoying the scenery". The structure is both strict and the satire is particularly deep.

Three poems about Ping Caizhou (Part 2)

In the morning in Runan, the rooster crows, and the drums and horns sound peacefully at the top of the city. The old man on the roadside shed tears of gratitude as he reminisced about the past. The old man gave a speech before he shed his tears. No one knew when the officers and soldiers entered the city. Suddenly Yuanhe was shocked for twelve years, and he saw Tianbao Chengping again.

In the twelfth year of Yuanhe, the Tang army broke through Caizhou and captured Wu Yuanji alive in the Huaixi vassal town who was rebellious. Liu Yuxi wrote this poem to praise this victory. The poem is about triumphant victory, but only the first two sentences describe the crowing of morning roosters and the peaceful sound of horns, implying the success of the night attack on Caizhou. Runan refers to Caizhou. Caizhou was Runan County during the Tianbao period. The meaning of the sentence "Runan morning rooster comes to the altar to call" from the ancient Yuefu "Crowing Song" is also used here. The following six sentences all focus on portraying the image of an old man, and use the old man's words and deeds to highlight the significance of the Battle of Caizhou. The "old things" the old man recalled were the prosperous times of "Tianbao Peace", and the "gratitude" was the successful counterinsurgency in the "Twelve Years of Yuanhe". Comparing the two shows the people's joy and high evaluation of the victory in this battle. . The poems write about major current affairs themes from a unique perspective. As Weng Fanggang said, "the tune of bamboo branches' songs creates Lao Du's status in the history of poetry" ("Shizhou Poetry Talk").

Shu Xianzhu Temple

The heroism in the world remains awe-inspiring for thousands of years. The potential is divided into three tripods, and the industry is restored to five baht coins. If you get a prime minister, you can build a country, but if you have a son, it is not like being a virtuous person. The old prostitute from Shu came to dance in front of Wei Palace.

This poem was probably written by Liu Yuxi when he was the governor of Kuizhou. "The temple of the first master of Shu" refers to Liu Bei's temple in Kuizhou. The poet pays homage to the temple of the late master, remembers the achievements of the late master in founding the country, and laments the desolation of the demise of the Shu Kingdom. The first couplet briefly talks about the heroic spirit of the First Lord. It is especially conceivable that when facing the statue of the First Lord, thousands of years later, we still find it awe-inspiring and compelling. The story of Liu Bei's heroism is expressed in the story of Liu Bei's contribution to the establishment of a three-legged kingdom of Shu and the restoration of the Han Dynasty. The five-baht coin is a coin minted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Here it refers to the Han Dynasty. The turning point of the neck couplet is that it was first said that Zhuge Xianxiang was able to create a foundation, and later it was said that Liu Chan was born and his career could not be continued. The last couplet describes the scene of Liu Chan's indifference and insensitivity after his surrender to the Wei Dynasty, revealing his infinite mourning for the demise of Liu Bei's achievements after his death.

Jinling is nostalgic for the past

The tide is full of Ye Chengzhu, and the sun is setting at the imperial pavilion. The new grass in Caizhou is green, and the old smoke of the shogunate is green.

The ups and downs are determined by personnel, mountains, rivers and empty terrain. A song of flowers in the backyard is unbearable to listen to.

This poem was written in the early spring of the third year of Baoli, when Liu Yuxi was returning to Luoyang from Hezhou and passing through Jinling. The poem describes the mountains and rivers of Jinling, the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, and the nostalgia for the past. The first four sentences describe the scenery, "tide is full", "sun is setting", "new grass" and "old smoke", describing the changes in the morning and evening scenery of the same area and the unchanged mountains and rivers in ancient and modern times, among which "Yecheng" and "Zhenglu Pavilion" The four specific locations, "Caizhou" and "Shogunate" are all the sites of great events in the Six Dynasties. The four scenes and four places are integrated seamlessly, and the mountains and rivers, the present and the past, secretly tease the following. The last four sentences are nostalgic, describing the feeling of rise and fall. The dangerous mountains and rivers are not enough to rely on. The reason for rise and fall lies in human affairs. The insights are brilliant and have the meaning of learning from the times. The whole article ends with the sound of the country's demise in the backyard, which creates a sense of The meaning of deep emotion and profound vigilance.

Beginning to Smell the Autumn Wind

I used to see the yellow chrysanthemums and bid farewell to you, but now I hear the mysterious cicadas and return. After five nights of sleeping on the pillow, one year's appearance is reflected in the mirror. The hair on the grass beside Ma Si is twitching, and the blue clouds in the sky are drowsy. The heaven and earth are clear and you can look around, and I help you get on a high platform.

This is a poem that expresses feelings about autumn. It goes against the traditional tradition of mourning autumn and expresses heroic and energetic sentiments. The declining years coincide with the declining season. According to common sense, the situation is desolate, but the poet has a unique feeling about this. In the crisp autumn season, not only can one see far into the distance and have an unobstructed view in all directions, but it is also convenient for galloping horses and bird of prey. The birds are flying vigorously, so even though the poet is ill, he still manages to take the stage to express his deep love for the autumn wind. His enterprising attitude like "an old man is helpless and ambitious" is vividly displayed on the page. Fist hair, fist hair, here refers to the horse's mane. Xiao means squinting. The beginning of the chapter is about farewell to "Jun" in the past, and the ending is about "Jun" taking the stage today. Using anthropomorphic techniques, "Autumn" becomes a knowing and affectionate image, with wonderful luck and rich emotional charm.

Nostalgia for the past in Xisai Mountain

Wang Jun’s boat disembarked in Yizhou, and the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly. Qianxun's iron chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag fell out of the stone. Several times in this life, the past has been forgotten, but Yamagata is still pillowed in the cold current. Today is the day when the world is home, so the forts are rustling and the reeds are blooming in autumn.

In the fourth year of Changqing, Liu Yuxi was transferred from the governor of Kuizhou to the governor of Hezhou and wrote this poem while passing through Mount Xisai. Xisai Mountain, located on the east side of the Yangtze River in Daye, Hubei today, was a famous military fortress in the Eastern Wu Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. Therefore, Liu Yuxi praised the rise of Wu and Jin, in order to lament that the dangers of mountains and rivers were not enough to rely on, and that the historical process was not subject to human will. . The first four sentences describe Wang Jun's attack on Wu, and Sun Hao, the leader of Wu, used iron chains across the river to resist the Jin army, but in the end he inevitably asked for surrender and subjugation. Wang Jun, the governor of Yizhou in Jin Dynasty, went eastward to attack Wu on the order of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty in the first year of Taikang (280). The neck couplet contrasts the changes in the human world with the stillness of the mountain shape, which is thought-provoking. The last couplet suddenly appears "Jin Feng", which on the one hand expresses the concern about the increasingly serious separatist situation of the vassal towns at that time, and embodies the poet's political proposition for unification. On the other hand, it greatly extends the historical time and space of the rise and fall of Wu and Jin, thus promoting the A regular thought.

Rewarding Lotte and seeing gifts at the first banquet in Yangzhou

Bashan Chushui is a desolate place, abandoned for twenty-three years. Nostalgically reciting the poems on the flute in the air, and when I go to the countryside to read it, I feel like a dead person. Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of trees spring in front of the diseased trees. Today I will listen to a song of Junge, and for now I will have a glass of wine to keep my spirits up.

When Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang after serving as the governor of Hezhou, Bai Juyi returned to Luoyang from Suzhou. The two met in Yangzhou. Bai Juyi first presented him with a poem, which included "There is nothing to do if life is overwhelming", "Twenty-three years" "Too many folds" and so on, probably lamenting Liu Yuxi's unfortunate experience. Liu Yuxi's response poem takes over from Bai's poem and focuses on expressing his own feelings and mentality in this situation. The first couplet uses the area of ​​"Bashan Chushui" and the time of "twenty-three years" to summarize the experience of being demoted repeatedly. He jointly said "twenty-three years" and said that his old friend who returned home this time had died, and it felt like a world away. It was a long time ago. Wen Di Fu points to Xiu's "Si Ji Fu" in memory of his deceased friend Ji Kang. Lan Ke Ren refers to the legendary king who rotted his ax handle because he watched the fairy boy play chess. The neck couplet is purely metaphorical. It not only uses "sinking boat" and "sick tree" to describe the old age, but also uses "thousands of sails passing by" and "ten thousand trees spring" to show the prospects and laws of the continuous progress of the times, showing an open-minded mind. The last couplet highlights the questions to be answered and ends with "long spirit", which shows a renewed positive attitude towards life. It is rare to see optimism in melancholy, and boldness in depression. ○ He was awarded Lianzhou again and went to Hengyang to reward Liu and Liuzhou to say goodbye

Ten years after leaving the country, we both went to the call, but they were different after traveling thousands of miles across Hunan. When Prime Minister Huang came back, he was dismissed from office and was named Shame Liu Shishi. Returning to the head and following the wild geese, I feel worried when I meet the severed ape. The Guijiang River passes by the foot of the mountains to the east, looking at each other and chanting thoughtfully.

This poem was written in the 10th year of Yuanhe, when Liu Yuxi was demoted to Lianzhou again, and Liu Zongyuan was demoted to the governor of Liuzhou again. The two of them went to Hengyang to part ways, and Liu gave Liu a poem. This was Liu Zongyuan's reply to Liu Zhi. do. The first four sentences are about two people who were demoted ten years ago. They were both recalled in the first month of this year. One month later, they were demoted again. After crossing Hunan, they went their separate ways to travel far away. This summarizes the two people's fate of being demoted and relegated. Huang Chengxiang refers to Huang Ba, the virtuous prime minister of the Han Dynasty. Huang Ba served as the prefect of Yingchuan twice. Thinking that his return to Lianzhou was different from that of Huang Ba's return to Yingchuan and his reputation all over the world, I could only feel sad secretly. Liu Shishi refers to Liu Xiahui in the Spring and Autumn Period. Liu Xiahui was a "Shishi" (prison officer). He was demoted three times because of his "straight approach to people". This metaphor refers to Liu Zongyuan, which shows that he respects his friend's character and has no trace of it. The last four sentences express feelings. "Returning to the eyes" and "sorrowful heart" are the parting moods. "Guijiang" and "Lianshan" are the places where the last two people parted. The "looking at each other and chanting for a long time" connects them in advance, making the sorrow of separation turn into the landscape. , the meaning is beyond words.

Two Poems on Bamboo Branches (Part 1)

The willows are green and the Qingjiang River is level, and I can hear the singing on the Langjiang River. The sun rises in the east and rains in the west. There is no sunshine but there is sunshine.

Zhuzhi Ci is a kind of folk song in Bayu. When Liu Yuxi was the governor of Kuizhou, he wrote more than ten poems according to the tune. This title originally contained the second poem, and this article originally listed the first poem. , is a work that imitates folk love songs. The poem is written in the tone of a girl in love for the first time, describing her subtle and complex psychological activities. The first sentence describes the scene, with the spring river overflowing and the willow silk strands, containing a sultry atmosphere. The two sentences lead to the lover in this environment. Judging from the sound of singing, it is clear that the person is not seen, and it is all a psychological activity. The three or four sentences convey the psychological psychology of the painting, cleverly using the half-rainy and half-sunny weather to express feelings, and using the harmonious meanings of "clear" and "love" to vividly express the hazy feelings of nostalgia and confusion during first love.

Nine poems about bamboo branches (seven of them)

Qutang is noisy with twelve beaches, and people say that the road has been difficult since ancient times. Everlasting hatred makes people's hearts worse than water, waiting for nothing to make waves.

There are nine poems in this group of "Zhuzhi Ci", and this article was originally listed as the seventh. The meaning of this poem is completely different from that of the previous poem "Bamboo Branch Ci", which is intended to be a folk love song. Instead, it uses the foreground to express inner feelings. The poem arises from the dangerous geographical situation of Qutang Gorge, leading to a profound exposure and sharp ridicule of the dangers of the world and human relationships. The first two sentences describe the topography of the Qutang Gorge. The "twelve beaches" describe its many dangerous shoals, and the "difficult from ancient times" shows that the road has always been feared by people. The last two sentences describe the human heart in the world. The "water" makes waves, because there are many reefs and dangerous beaches, but the "human heart" pretends to be ripples on the "flat land". It can be seen that the danger is even worse in Qutang, which is led by the word "Eternal Hatred", especially See the cynical mentality of the poet. The poem leads from nature to politics, making abstract discussions concrete, and making people feel deeply.

Nine poems about willow branches (Part 1)

The plum blossoms in Saibei are played on the Qiang flute, and the poems about osmanthus trees in Huainan are played on the hills. Please don't play the songs of the previous dynasty, but listen to the new translation of willow branches.

There are nine poems in this group of "Poems on Willow Branches", and this article was originally listed as the first one. "Breaking Willows" was originally an old Yuefu song with mostly five-character lyrics. Liu Yuxi expanded it into seven-character poems, clearly expressing his innovative spirit in literature. The first line refers to the Han Yuefu "Plum Blossoms Fall" tune that sings about plum blossoms and has been passed down to later generations. The second line refers to "The Recruiting Hermit" written on a hill in Huainan, which repeatedly sings about osmanthus trees. Both of them use trees as the objects of their singing, so it is similar to the song "Plum Blossoms Fall" which sings about willows. Compared with "Poems of Willow Branches". The last two sentences clearly express his own views, comparing "previous music" with "new translation", and showing his creative principles, ideals and confidence in bringing out the old and bringing forth the new through his own practice.

Nine poems about waves on the sand (choose three)

Beside the Luoshui Bridge, the spring sun is slanting, and the clear blue water can be seen in the Qiongsha. There was a strong wind on the road for no reason, causing the mandarin ducks to fly out of the waves.

The sun shines on the Chengzhou River and the fog opens, and the gold-mining girls are all over the river. The beauties' jewelery and royal seals all come out of the waves in the sand.

In August the waves came roaring, with their heads several feet high touching the mountains. After a while, he entered the sea gate, rolling up piles of sand like snowdrifts.

Langtaosha is the name of a Tang Dynasty Jiaofang song, which was later used as a lyrics label. According to the "Ci Pu" records, the lyrics written with the title of "Langtaosha" were created by Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi. There are nine songs in Liu Yuxi's "Langtaosha" group, and the second, sixth and seventh songs are selected here.

The previous article wrote about the spring scene beside Luoshui Bridge. First, it shows the warm sunshine in spring. The word "slant" renders a leisurely atmosphere and sets the tone for the whole poem. In the second sentence, under the zhuanbi bridge, the green river flows leisurely, and the fine sand at the bottom of the river is clearly visible, highlighting the clarity and transparency of the river. The "blue" and "qiong" are reflected, and the clarity reveals a sense of cleanliness. These two sentences describe a static scene, while the third or fourth sentences describe a moving scene.

The word "gratuitous" suddenly appeared, causing waves in the quiet scene. The weather in spring was changing rapidly. A strong wind suddenly blew up on the road by the river, stirring up the calm water into waves. A pair of mandarin ducks jumped out of the water, splashing in the water, and the water splashed. Flying like pearls and jade splashing everywhere. It reveals another realm and also reveals the vitality of spring. There are four sentences in the poem. The first and third sentences are written as "beside the bridge" and "on the road". The second and fourth sentences are written as "blue current" and "spray". On land and in water, the static scenery is dynamic, and the composition is intertwined. Together, precise and ingenious.

One of the articles enthusiastically praises the creativity of working people through the description of gold mining scenes, and triggers profound thinking about the value of labor force and its destiny. The first two sentences describe the gold panning scene. The sun shines on Chengzhou, the morning fog begins to open, and the scenery is clear and vivid. The last two sentences make a sudden turn, choosing jewelry and gold seals that symbolize the power of the aristocracy to point out their origins. While revealing this unfair social phenomenon, they also contain profound rational thinking. Liu Yuxi's allegorical purpose in this kind of Yuefu poems is similar to the creations of Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others, but it is obviously different from the direct expression of ideas like Yuan and Bai. Instead, he filled the vivid image creation with philosophy. The wisdom of the family embodies the solemn beauty in the smooth folk song form.

The latter article describes the spectacular scene of the rising and falling sea tides in autumn. The first two lines of the poem describe the rising tide. "August" points out the season of high tide. Because it is in August, once the tide rises, one side will hear "the roaring waves coming to the ground", and the other side will hear "the head is several feet high." The waves, which are several feet high, rush towards the rocks and are swept away by the rocks. The impact came back with a deafening bang. These two sentences describe the rising tide in a thrilling way through the shape and sound of the rising tide. The last two sentences describe the situation of low tide. The tide comes and recedes at the right time. It comes fiercely and recedes quickly. It seems that in a "moment", the tide recedes towards the "Haimen" and returns to the sea, but the pile of sand it rolled up remains, shining under the sunshine. They pile up on the river bank like snowdrifts, which shows the huge power and energy of the tide. The four lines of the poem describe the rising tide and the ebbing tide respectively. Writing about the rising tide certainly expresses its momentum, while writing about the ebbing tide also expresses its power. The two scenes are different and have different angles, but they complement each other and make the description object more vivid, full and vivid. Colorful.

In the 10th year of Yuanhe, he was summoned from Langzhou to the Beijing Opera to present flowers to all the gentlemen.

When the red dust of Zimo came, everyone wanted to see the flowers return. There are thousands of peach trees in Xuandu Temple, all of which were planted after Liu Lang left.

After the failure of Yongzhen's reform, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima of Langzhou and was recalled to Beijing in the tenth year of Yuanhe. This poem was written in the spring of that year. Through the description of the grand occasion of people rushing to Xuandu to watch the peach blossoms, it contains a sarcastic and mocking look at the powerful people at that time. The first sentence describes the lush vegetation, the red dust blowing in the face, and the scene of people and horses noisy. The second sentence mentions looking at the flowers, but does not write about it, just "hui", and describes people's satisfaction after looking at the flowers with "no one is ignorant", so the prosperity and beauty of the peach blossoms itself is unspeakable. The last two sentences are related to the peach blossoms from my own experience, which arouses emotion. On the one hand, the "thousands of peach trees" in front of me were all planted after I "went to the country for ten years", expressing the regret of wasted years. On the other hand, the peach metaphors are used to follow the trend. As a new noble, he ridiculed him for coming to power only after "Liu Lang" was squeezed out of the court. The contempt was obvious. Xuandu Temple is a Taoist temple in Chang'an City. Liu Lang, Liu Yuxi calls himself. Because Liu Yuxi wrote this poem, he offended the powerful and was demoted from Beijing again. From this fact, it is self-evident that the irony contained in this poem is strong.

Visit Xuandu Temple again

The hundred-acre courtyard is half covered with moss, and all the peach blossoms are in bloom. Where did the peach-growing Taoist go? Liu Lang came to visit him before.

This poem was written in the late spring of the second year of Yamato. It is a continuation of the poem "The gentlemen summoned from Langzhou to Beijing Opera in the tenth year of Yuanhe to present flowers to all the gentlemen". There was actually a gap of fourteen years between the two poems. Liu Yuxi was demoted again because of his previous poem, and was recalled to Chang'an after fourteen years. During this period, there were great personnel changes. Most of the opponents of Yongzhen's reform at that time had died or lost power. This poem is aimed at current events, deliberately revisiting old events, and ridiculing the powerful people of that year. , showing firm stance and confidence. The first two sentences describe the changes in the scenery in the view. Fourteen years have passed, and the peach blossoms in the view have "no more trees". There are only wild vegetable flowers, and "half of them are moss". It can be seen that there are almost no traces of people. This is consistent with the previous poem. The flower-viewing scene was in sharp contrast. In the last two sentences, "peach blossom" is a metaphor for the upstarts who follow the trend, and "peach-growing Taoist priests" refer to those in power who attack the reform movement. Now that the peaches no longer exist, the peach-growing people have also disappeared, but the marginalized "Liu Lang" has disappeared. Coming back is nothing more than a declaration of challenge to the opposition.

These two poems are all about political content, and they are both poems about peach blossoms. They constitute a complete image of the rise and fall of peach blossoms, showing the unique characteristics and success of Liu Yuxi's political allegorical poems.

Stone City

My motherland is surrounded by mountains, and the empty city is lonely in the tide. In the old days on the east side of the Huai River, the moon came over the female wall late at night.

This poem is one of the poems in the "Five Titles of Jinling". The five poems in "Five Titles of Jinling" are divided into five relics of the Six Dynasties. This poem was originally listed as the first one. Through the description of the desolate and lonely scene of Stone City, it expresses the sentimentality of the decline of the six generations of luxury. However, as far as the whole poem is concerned, it does not mention specific historical events, but focuses on the country as it is, and the people are completely different. It obviously has a universal history. Coverage, it is precisely for this reason that Bai Juyi praised "the poets after I learned that they no longer have words." At the same time, Stone City was built by Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms. The so-called "Stone City with Tigers" was originally a defensive structure that relied on danger. However, the city was empty and the country was empty. It embodies the warning that the rise and fall of a country depends on virtue rather than danger. Therefore, the survivors of the Southern Song Dynasty thanked Fang. De said with deep emotion: "The mountains are no different from the mountains of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the tide is no different from the tide of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the moon is no different from the moon of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The ancestral temples, palaces, heroes and heroes of the Eastern Jin Dynasty are all invisible. The meaning is implicit in the words, and it is placed in nothing. "(Quoted from Gao Ping's "Collection of Tang Poems") This kind of "meaning lies beyond the words and lies in nothingness" is actually a deep meditation on the historical laws that transcend the rise and fall of one generation and sublimate it into the eternal. and insights.

Woyi Alley

There are wild grasses and flowers beside Zhuque Bridge, and the sun sets at the entrance of Wuyi Alley. In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people.

This poem was originally listed as the second poem in the "Five Titles of Jinling" group of poems. The poem describes the current situation of Wuyi Lane, recalls the luxury of the past, and expresses the infinite emotion of the vicissitudes of life. The technique of this poem is the same as that of the previous poem. Although it points out a specific aristocratic residence site, it uses the unique perspective of swallows looking for their nests to see the big from the small, indicating that the old wealthy houses have been replaced by the homes of ordinary people. Zhuque Bridge is the bridge outside the Zhuque Gate in the south of the capital city of the Six Dynasties. Wuyi Lane was a gathering place for aristocrats of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in the area of ​​Confucius Temple in today's Nanjing. Wang Xie, the famous officials of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Dao and Xie An, here refers to the wealthy families of the Six Dynasties. The great changes and vicissitudes of the past and present actually reveal the logical process and profound connotation of historical changes. In this type of works, the poet's emotion is always embedded in the description of the scenery, hidden but not revealed. Although the scenery is ordinary and the language is simple, it is full of implicit beauty and vigilant thoughts.

Looking at Dongting

The lake and the moon are harmonious, and there is no windshield on the lake surface that has not been polished. Looking at the green mountains and rivers of Dongting in the distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate.

This poem describes the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake. Those who have always described Dongting Lake have mostly focused on its vast realm and majestic momentum, such as Meng Haoran's "Steaming clouds and dreamy lakes, waves shaking Yueyang City", Du Fu's "Wu Chu southeast slopes, the universe floats day and night", but Liu Yuxi's poem Obviously different, the focus is on expressing the other side of Dongting Lake, that is, the soft and beautiful scenery.

When describing the night scene of Dongting in the poem, the "Autumn Moon" and the "Lake Light" are first used to reflect each other. The clear and quiet water and the bright moon complement each other. It can be seen that the sky and the earth are clear and harmonious. From a large scale, it is The whole poem sets a soft and beautiful tone. From the perspective of the scene, a bright moon hangs high in the spotless night sky, and the vast lake surface is calm and calm. Under the moonlight, the lake surface is like a huge bronze mirror spread out on the earth. "The mirror is not polished" is a wonderful description. , like a mirror but not polished, because it is a vast lake after all. Even if there is no wind, there are fine waves. The ripples are light and sparkling. At the same time, the scenery under the moonlight is not as clear as during the day, so the lake surface appears misty. The color shows a hazy beauty. The poet looked further into the distance and saw clear lakes, green mountains, white water and green mountains, all accompanying each other. The scene was just like a green snail on a silver plate, like an exquisite handicraft, which makes people love it so much. This kind of description is not only novel in conception, but also reduces the big to the small, showing the poet's superb artistic skills in controlling the vast landscape.

Jiuhua Folk Songs

The first sight of the strange peaks is frightening, and a flood of imagination begins to open up. It is suspected that Jiulong Yao was trying to reach the sky, but suddenly he heard a thunderbolt and turned into stone. Otherwise, how could it be so far, for hundreds of millions of years, that its momentum would never die? The clouds are faint and the moon is cold, and the moon is shining brightly and the shadows on the river are reflected. The roots cannot reach the road, and the beauty is always in the uninhabited place. Emperor Xuan granted Zen to the Yunting Pavilion, and Accountant Dayu came to Lin Dongming. I can't ride on the coffin, and I can't be happy. I'm alone with the apes and birds. Don't you see that the mountain of Jingting is yellow and deserted, as rugged as a broken bank with no edges or corners. Xuancheng Xie Shou wrote a poem, which made him famous among the five mountains. Jiuhua Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, is a beautiful thing created by nature, how can it be like this in the human world.

Jiuhua Mountain, formerly known as Jiuzishan, is located southwest of Qingyang, Anhui today. It is named after nine peaks arranged in sequence.

Li Bai compared the nine peaks to lotus flowers, so he changed its name to Jiuhua (Flower) Mountain. This poem describes the beautiful scenery of Mount Jiuhua. The poet uses a song line style with sentences of varying lengths, forming an undulating rhythm. At the same time, it is also to express the need to express his extreme praise for Mount Jiuhua.

When the poet saw Jiuhua Mountain, he couldn't help but be frightened by the tall and strange peaks, so he immediately imagined how it was generated at the beginning of heaven and earth. The poet imagined that it was nine vigorous and leaping dragons that were about to soar into the sky. Suddenly, a thunderous sound turned them into stones, because even today, the mountain still seems to be alive and ready to take off. Soar, soar and flutter. Writing about mountains in this way is purely based on mythological imagination. On the one hand, it casts a layer of mystery on the strange mountains, and at the same time, it makes the mountains take off naturally, achieving an artistic effect that cannot be achieved by direct description. Next, the poet first lamented that Jiuhua Mountain was unknown. The Yellow Emperor granted Zen to heaven and earth, and Dayu traveled all over Jiuzhou to control floods, but he had never been to Jiuhua. The "Chengqiao" is a vehicle used to go up the mountain, and the "Chengqiao" refers to Dayu. ; Guangle, the joy of Juntian, here refers to the Yellow Emperor. The exclamation that "the roots have no way to reach the road, and the beauty is always in the uninhabited land" is obviously full of symbolic meaning of using mountains as metaphors for people. Then he compared it with other mountains. For example, Jingting Mountain, not far from Jiuhua Mountain, became famous only because of a poem written by Xie Tiao of the Southern Dynasties. In fact, the mountain shape is extremely ordinary, with "yellow suomo" and "no edges and corners." , cannot be compared with Jiuhua Mountain at all. Therefore, at the end, it is lamented how can such a beauty of creation become famous in the world? It is obvious that he thinks he is Xie Xuancheng's reincarnation.

Wushan Goddess Temple

Wushan has twelve lush green trees and stone pavilions. The mist at dawn suddenly opens, and the mountain flowers are about to wither like residual makeup. The stars and rivers smell clear on a good night, and the clouds and rain bring a strange fragrance when they return. Why are the gods in the nine heavens and the human beings coming to see King Chu Xiang?

Wushan is located in the east of today’s Wushan County, Chongqing. Goddess Temple, there is Goddess Peak on Wushan Mountain, and there is a Goddess Temple under the peak. When the poet visited the Wushan Goddess Temple, he was inspired by the legend of the Wushan Goddess and used it to imagine, so he wrote this poem describing the Goddess Peak.

Looking up at Wushan Mountain, the twelve peaks are all tall, beautiful and lush. However, one stone among them is called a goddess, which shows that it has its own unusual and supernatural qualities. Let’s start imagining this “piece of stone”. The mist dissipates in the morning, as if the goddess has opened a transparent tent in her boudoir, and the mountain flowers that are about to wither at the end of spring seem to be the remaining makeup that the goddess has taken off. When the night is quiet, the stars are brilliant and the moon is bright. You can clearly hear the sound of the goddess's ring when she goes out. After the wind and rain, you can clearly smell the fragrant fragrance emanating from the goddess's body when she returns. The poet was immersed in this imagination, and was undoubtedly fascinated by the goddess, so he sighed at the end, why did the goddess come down from the nine heavens to the human world to date King Chu Xiang? According to Song Yu's "Gaotang Fu", when King Chu Xiang traveled to Gaotang, he dreamed of the Wushan goddess, and they met happily. The goddess said to herself, "During the morning, the clouds will move, and the evening will rain, morning and evening, under the Wushan Mountain." ". It ends with such a questioning emotion, which is both playful and leaves an endless aftertaste.

This poem about the Goddess Peak uses imagination to win, and the imagination itself is gradually upgrading, which is quite unique. The beginning is very sober. The word "girl" means "piece of stone", indicating that it is a stone and not a girl. In the third and fourth sentences, the mist and flowers are imagined as "rolling curtains" and "remnants of makeup", but there are still "suspicious" and "like" Two words, five or six sentences go a step further, the sound of the jade and the strange fragrance have been clearly heard, and the last two sentences further interrogate them, and the Goddess Peak has been completely humanized. It is in this gradual upgrading of imagination that the poet gradually merges into the realm of gods, and the poems also overflow with magical charm.