The emperor with the most graves moved in history: Wanyan Aguda

China’s emperors’ tombs are generally located in geomantic treasures that hold yin and yang, and contain wind and water. The bones of the ancestors are animated in this kind of place. That is, the better the feng shui of the ancestral tomb, the better the feng shui for the descendants. The more blessings there are, the more ideals of "safe gods and prosperous descendants" can be realized.

According to this logic, the imperial mausoleum is not only a tomb, but also an insurance premium for the prosperity of the dynasty. Therefore, once the imperial mausoleum is selected, it cannot be easily moved.

However, China’s long history has created many exceptions, and this case is no exception. For example, the tomb of Wanyan Aguda, the founder of the Jin Kingdom, was moved three times, from a distant place to another. All the way from the north to Dafang Mountain in Beijing, it is a strange place in history.

Wanyan Aguda, whose Han name was Min, was the leader of the Wanyan tribe of the Jurchen tribe living in the Ash River Basin southeast of Harbin, Heilongjiang today. Historical records record that he was very good at horseback riding and archery, and that he was a strong man. In October 1113 AD, after the death of his elder brother Wanyan Wuya, he succeeded him as the leader of the Jurchen tribal alliance and was called Dubo Jilie.

At that time, the Jurchen nation was a subsidiary of the Liao Kingdom and had been suppressed for paying tribute for generations. Wanyan Aguda was determined to change this unequal situation, and led 2,500 people to rise up in the next year, the fourth year of Liao Tianqing's reign. In the first battle against the Liao Dynasty, they defeated Ningjiang Prefecture (now southeast of Fuyu, Jilin).

In the first month of 1115 AD, Wanyan Aguda proclaimed himself emperor in Huining (now Baicheng, south of Acheng, Heilongjiang), formally established the Jin Kingdom, and changed his name to Wanyan Min. What followed was a series of devastating battles. In 1120 AD, a plan was made with the Song Dynasty to attack the Liao Dynasty, and Linhuang Mansion in Shangjing of the Liao Dynasty was captured. In 1122, Zhongjing of the Liao Kingdom was captured. At the end of the year, Yanjing was captured, that is, Beijing today.

As the saying goes, he died before leaving the army and was about to completely destroy the Liao Kingdom. However, Wanyan Aguda suddenly died of illness on his way back to Beijing in August 1123. His temple name was Taizu.

When Wanyan Aguda died of illness, the activity area of ​​the Jin Kingdom had not yet reached its historical heyday, and the Jin Kingdom was still very angry at that time, and there was no concept of Feng Shui treasure land in his mind, so he followed the rules of death. According to the principle of burial wherever possible, Mr. Aguda's body was buried outside the North City of Huining Prefecture in Shangjing. The specific address was two kilometers south of Acheng City, Heilongjiang Province today, and was called Ruiling.

This was the first nest of Mr. Aguda after his death. There was originally a Ningshen Temple built on the tomb, and the Ningshen Temple was also called the Taizu Temple. The Ruiling Park that can be seen today covers an area of ​​5.1 hectares, with a construction area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters. It is divided into four parts: the leading space, the Shinto space, the mausoleum and the Ningshen Temple. In the underground palace, there are Wanyan Agu's coffin and horses and other burial objects.

Later facts proved that this nest was just an inn for Wanyan Aguda. In February 1135 AD (the 13th year of Tianhui), according to the begging will of Wanyan Wu of Jin Taizong, His mausoleum was moved to Hukai Mountain and buried together with Taizu. It was divided into two mausoleums: Gongling and Ruiling, which were called Heling in history.

This time, the Kingdom of Jin finally knew what Feng Shui was and identified Hu Kaishan as its own dragon vein. The academic community has not yet reached a conclusion on where Hu Kaishan is located. The reason is probably because the author of "History of the Jin Dynasty" felt that Hu Kaishan would be as famous as the name of the Jin Dynasty forever, so the exact address was not recorded at all. Unfortunately, as the emperor's mausoleum was moved to Dafangshan in Zhongdu (today's Beijing), Hu Kaishan's title disappeared from historical records.

As soon as the historian was lazy, later generations would hit the wall. In order to figure out this legendary Hu Kaishan, Chinese academic circles spent a lot of time and brains. In recent years, with the announcement of the third batch of municipal cultural relic protection unit lists, Hu Kaishan has once again aroused people's interest because an "early Jin Dynasty imperial tomb area" appeared on the list.

The data in the mausoleum area are very consistent with the records of Hu Kaishan in the history books. This is the southern foot of Laoshu Dingzi Mountain, one and a half kilometers northwest of Sanqingtun, Songfengshan Town, Acheng District. There are two mausoleums built on the mountain, and all that can be seen now are the huge stone turtles, stone figures, stone sheep, stone drums and other cultural relics around them.

The two mausoleums were discovered in 1961. The location where they are located is called "Old Sow Dingzi" by local people, which is a homonym of "Lao Wushu Dingzi". In history, Jin Wushu had been fighting with Yue Fei for a long time and was quite famous. Wanyan Aguda was his father, so he was called "Lao Wushu" because of his son. "Old Sow Dingzi" is very close to Shangjing in the Jin Dynasty. Its scale and layout are in line with the tradition of royal tombs in the Jin Dynasty, so it should be Hu Kaishan.

It is a pity that Wanyan Aguda only stayed quiet in Hukai Mountain for 20 years. In 1155 AD, he was dug out again and moved south again, and was buried in Dafang Mountain in today’s Beijing (presumably in the Jin Dynasty). This is how the national destiny was ruined).

There are 17 Jin Dynasty imperial mausoleums in Dafang Mountain. They were originally magnificent and magnificent. However, as Nurhaci raised troops against the Ming Dynasty at the end of the Ming Dynasty, he became red-blooded and killed people. Emperor Tianqi also became angry and his eyes turned red.

He couldn't beat the living, at least he could beat the dead, so the furious Tianqi ordered the destruction of Nurhachi's ancestral tomb and destroyed the feng shui of the Aixinjueluo family. So the Wanyan family, who also belonged to the Jurchen tribe, suffered a disaster. After a spade and a fire, the imperial mausoleum in Dafang Mountain was reduced to broken bricks and tiles.

In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi ordered the tombs of Jin Taizu and Jin Shizong to be repaired, and erected monuments to explain the reasons for their burning. Although Emperor Kangxi restored it slightly, it was only superficial and the scale was no longer what it used to be.

Speaking of which, Wanyan Aguda’s tomb was discovered by accident. In the late 1980s, during the excavation of the Jinling site in Dafangshan, a huge stone pit was discovered in the main tomb area. It was used as a sacrificial pit and remained untouched for more than ten years.

By the spring of 2002, this "sacrificial pit" had become a reservoir for greening by the villagers of Longmen Village, Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District. When the relevant departments cleaned up, they found that there were more than 200 boulders weighing about one ton piled inside. After continuous fighting, the boulders were lifted one by one, and the four stone coffins at the bottom were revealed. After confirmation, the tomb is the Ruiling tomb built by Jin Taizu Wanyan Aguda.