How many imperial tombs in history were not stolen (multiple questions)

I found some preservation conditions of ancient tombs for you, I hope it can be helpful:

Pre-Qin Tombs

Preservation conditions: All excavated by robbers

Part of the information:

1. The tomb of the King of Shang has been robbed many times, and almost all the burial objects were stolen, and many of the fine products have been scattered overseas. The funerary objects include bronze ritual vessels, weapons, tools, chariots and horses, jade, stone, bones, horns, ivory, white pottery, etc., which are of various types and beautifully made. Many of them are Chinese cultural treasures. For example, the ones unearthed from Tomb No. 4 The deer-square ding and the ox-square ding can be regarded as important royal vessels; the Simuwu large square ding is the heaviest bronze vessel in the Shang Dynasty, and its exquisite craftsmanship is astonishing.

2. The earliest tomb recorded in the stolen era in the history of our country is the tomb of Shang Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty, about 3600 years ago. It was first excavated in the late Western Zhou Dynasty about 2770 years ago. Theft. So far, the tomb with the most robbed holes, that is, the tomb visited the most by tomb robbers, is the Qin Gong No. 1 Tomb. It was excavated by archaeologists in 1976 in Fengxiang South Command Village, Shaanxi Province. A total of 247 robber holes were discovered in Qin Gong No. 1 Tomb. The robberies lasted from the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties.

3. Since about 1987, the tomb robbing crime in Li County, Gansu Province has been repeatedly banned and intensified, reaching its climax in 1993. People from 18 of the 36 towns in the county and 56 villages participated, with up to 300 people dispatched at one time, so much so that stalls selling food and drinks appeared on the hillside. Criminals drive cars and motorcycles, hold mobile phones and walkie-talkies, and bring their own guns and daggers to stand guard with impunity. During the excavation, the precious ceremonial stone chimes were smashed into pieces on the spot, and the goldware with exquisite patterns and patterns was sold on the spot for 85 yuan per gram. Dai Chunyang, an archaeologist who later went to investigate, described the Dabaozi Mountain after the catastrophe: "The entire hillside was in a mess, covered with robber holes of different depths and sizes, as dense as fish scales." The scholar used the words "trembling" "Two words were used to describe his extremely sad mood at that time.

4. The discovery of Qin Gong’s tomb in Li County is mixed with regrettable circumstances. To a certain extent, it can be said that tomb robbers discovered Qin Gong’s tomb. Relevant people from the local Cultural Bureau said that in the winter of 1990, a local farmer named Zhang accidentally dug out several paleontological fossils while digging earth. These fossils were called "dragon bones" by the locals because there were "dragon bones" in the area. People began to dig into the saying that it could cure diseases and sell money. In early 1992, more than 20,000 people from more than 10 provinces across the country gathered in the more than 10 square kilometers of ditches and rivers near Dabaozi Mountain. These people set up tents on the mountain, and flat farmland was dug up everywhere. Got to be full of potholes. Many cultural sites were destroyed as a result.

The tombs of Han Dynasty emperors such as the Eleven Tombs of the Western Han Dynasty and the Twelve Tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty

Preservation status: All excavated by robbers

The main tomb robber: Dong Zhuo of the Red Eyebrow Army Cao Cao

Information:

1. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Red Eyebrow Army entered Chang'an. Except for the Ba Mausoleum of Emperor Wen, which was not destroyed because legend has it that all the mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty emperors were buried, all the other mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty emperors were destroyed. Robbery. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo coerced Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to move south to Chang'an, "and asked Lü Bu to collect the treasures from the tombs of the emperors and the tombs of the ministers." At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, hungry people in Chang'an dug up the remaining tombs of Ba and Du in the southeast of Chang'an City.

2. Some serious social unrest in the Han Dynasty, such as the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu, the popular riots that overthrew the Xinmang Dynasty, etc., all have records of large-scale tomb robbing. These tomb robbing activities reached their climax during the Han and Wei dynasties. According to historical records, in order to prepare military supplies, Cao Cao once set up official positions such as "Mojin Xiaowei" and "Faqiu Zhonglang General" to be responsible for tomb robbing. During only one robbery of the tomb of King Liang Xiao of the Western Han Dynasty, gold, silver and jewelry were stolen 72 Boat. In addition, the Sun Wu regime in Jiangnan also robbed the tombs of Western Han nobles in Changsha and Jiangling.

3. After the Red Eyebrow Army opened the Xian Gate of Maoling in the late Western Han Dynasty, tens of thousands of soldiers moved for dozens of days, but not half of the funerary objects in the mausoleum were removed. Until the Western Jin Dynasty three hundred years later, all the pearls and jade in the mausoleum had not been stolen.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty's Ba Mausoleum and Emperor Xuan's Du Tomb were called "frugal", but the "zhu, jade, color and silk" were still "tens of millions". As for the Maoling of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, because it "has enjoyed the country for a long time", As a result, it "no longer contained anything". After being excavated by the Red Eyebrow Army, by the time of Emperor Min of the Jin Dynasty hundreds of years later, it was still "a pile of rotten silk and unfinished pearls and jade". The Red Eyebrow Army of the Later Han Dynasty excavated a large number of Wuling tombs. Wuling naturally included Maoling. If there were intact eggs under the nest, the accompanying tombs would also suffer. As a result, Queen Lu's body was insulted and teased by the peasant army in broad daylight.

The tombs of emperors in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Preservation condition: basically all excavated by robbers

PS: The great traitor Cao Cao is an exception. He established seventy-two tombs. , so that future generations cannot find his tomb

Part of the information:

The Yonggu Mausoleum of the Northern Wei Dynasty was robbed three times in history. During the reign of Jin Zhenglong, tomb robbers came from the northwest. The hole entered the tomb and most of the funerary objects were stolen. During the Dading period of the Jin Dynasty, tomb robbers entered the tomb again, and all the paving bricks in the front room were stolen. Some of the large and small stone figurines and stone animals buried with them were stolen or destroyed. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Yonggu Mausoleum was stolen for the third time, and most of the remnants in the tomb were stolen, leaving very little.

The Imperial Tombs of the Sui Dynasty

The preservation condition is also poor, omitted

The Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty

The preservation condition: basically excavated by robbers All (but the Qianling Mausoleum seems to be an exception)

Main tomb robber:

Wen Tao Huangchao

Information:

Wen, the governor of Yaozhou in the Five Dynasties Tao led the troops to excavate the Tang Tomb. "Old History of the Five Dynasties·Biography of Wen Tao" records: "All the tombs of the Tang Dynasty were found." "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" "Wen Tao, the leader of the Huayuan thief, gathered a crowd, and the tombs of the Tang Emperor were almost everywhere." "New History of the Five Dynasties· "The Biography of Wen Tao" records: "Tao was in the town for seven years, and all the tombs of the Tang Dynasty within its territory were excavated. ... But the Qianling Mausoleum was not exposed to wind and rain." At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao rebelled, and almost all the imperial tombs around Chang'an were excavated.

Mausoleums of Emperors of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Preservation condition: poor

Some information:

1. The two tombs of the Southern Tang Dynasty were stolen many times . In the 1950s, when archaeologists from the Nanjing Museum were excavating and cleaning the two tombs, they discovered a robbery hole on the top of the southwest wall of the front room of the Qin Mausoleum. The gold and silver jewelry buried with them had long been looted by tomb robbers, leaving only the men and women. Pottery figurines and decayed volumes made of jade and stone.

Eight Tombs in Gong County, Northern Song Dynasty

Preservation status: All excavated by robbers

Main tomb robber: Liu Yu

Information:

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After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, all the eight tombs in Gong County were destroyed. It is said that one time, Liu Yu, the puppet Qi regime, got a crystal treasure bowl from a soldier. He decided that it was not owned by ordinary people, so he found out that it came from the Yongtai Mausoleum of Zhezong, so he organized the "Henan Sand Cleaning Team", which is the emperor's treasure bowl. The excavation team of the mausoleum. After the Yongtai Mausoleum was excavated, the treasures were looted and the bones were exposed. From then on, not only all the tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty were excavated, but even the private tombs were not spared. After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty took control of the mausoleum area of ​​the Northern Song Dynasty, and all ground buildings except stone sculptures were "ploughed into ruins." "There are still sad places in the Southern Dynasty, and the spring breeze of the nine temples was plowed."

The Sixth Period of the Southern Song Dynasty Mausoleum

Preservation status: All excavated by robbers

Information: During the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, monk Yang Lianzhenjia, the chief photographer of Jiangnan Buddhism, and Yunze, a monk from Yanfu Temple, were in the palace of Prime Minister Sang Ge. With the support, we excavated all the tombs

Liao, Jin and Xixia

The preservation situation seems to be similar to the above, omitting

Yuan Dynasty

Information:

1. All the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty were buried in Qichaan Valley after their death. The imperial mausoleums could not afford the tombs, and they were trampled by thousands of horses after the burials. Therefore, no imperial mausoleums of the Yuan Dynasty have been discovered yet

2. When the Great Khan of Mongolia passed away, he was buried in a coffin. The coffin was made of two pieces of cypress wood, hollowed out, and made into a human-sized coffin. The body was placed in it, and it was painted with gold as a circle. Encircled”. No matter where the Great Khan died, he would have his palace in Mobei. In order to keep the secret and prevent people from knowing the exact burial place of the Great Khan, on the day of going to the cemetery, anyone who met on the way would be killed. When they arrived at the mausoleum where they were buried, the earth dug out of the cave was formed into lumps and arranged in sequence. After the coffins were lowered, they were covered in sequence.

If there is any leftover soil, transport it to another place. The three mourning officials lived five miles away. After the burial, "thousands of horses were used to level the ground. Once the grass was green and the law was lifted, the slopes were covered with flat slopes, and there were no traces of the imperial examination."

Ming Tombs

Preservation status: except The outside of Dingling is basically intact

2. In the late Ming Dynasty, the Ming Tombs were first burned by Li Zicheng and the ground buildings of Kangling, Zhaoling and Dingling were burned;

They were also set on fire by Qing soldiers Burn. In the early years of the Republic of China, the tombs were set on fire again. During the Japanese and puppet period, Xianling, Tailing and Deling were demolished by the Japanese invaders and built with gun towers. During the Pingjin Campaign of the Liberation War, in order to provide supplies, the mausoleum was demolished and used to chop firewood. After the excavation of Dingling, the cultural relics were severely damaged; during the Cultural Revolution, the bodies of Wanli and the two queens were burned in front of Dingling Square. (Similar situations also appeared in the tomb of Princess Yongtai of Tang Dynasty)

Eastern Tomb of Qing Dynasty, Tomb of Western Qing Dynasty

Preservation condition: well preserved

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