About Qinyuan Chunxue

Mao Zedong

Look at what the northern countries have shown: a hundred miles of frozen Go; Thousands of miles of snow. Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, I saw the vastness, the river was up and down, and I lost my way. The mountains are like dancing silver snakes, and the highlands are like advancing wax elephants, all trying to match the sky in height. When the weather is fine, look at the sunny market. What a charming sight!

This land is so beautiful that countless heroes bow to their knees. Cherish Qin Huang Hanwu, slightly lost literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish. Genghis Khan, the hero of the throne, only knows how to draw a bow and shoot arrows. These characters are gone, a few heroes who can make contributions, look at today's people.

[Edit this paragraph] Notes to the article

Word annotation

Northland: refers to the north of China.

Only Yu Mang: Only a vast expanse of whiteness remains. Only, only. Vast, which means boundless.

Upper and lower river: refers to the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Sudden surge: refers to the Yellow River immediately losing the momentum of rolling waves due to freezing.

"Original" refers to the plateau, namely the Qin Jin Plateau.

Ying Zheng, Liu Che, Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin and Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin.

Coquettish: This refers to rhetoric. Used to generalize culture in a broad sense, including politics, ideology and culture. At first, it refers to Guo Feng in The Book of Songs, Li Sao in The Songs of the South and Li Sao by Qu Yuan, generally referring to literature.

Tianjiao: short for the favored son of heaven. The Han Dynasty called Huns Khan the favored son of heaven, and later called some northern minority monarchs tianjiao in history.

Genghis Khan: Mongolian conqueror who built a great empire across Europe and Asia. See History of Xiongnu.

Carving: Biography of Li Guang in Historical Records calls Xiongnu archers "archers". It is useful to shoot sculptures and praise people for their martial arts.

1936 February, Comrade Mao Zedong led the Red Army's Long March. 1On August 28th, 945, Mao Zedong flew to Chongqing from Yan 'an and held 43 days of negotiations with the Kuomintang. In the meantime, Liu Yazi often gave poems to Mao, and returned them in calligraphy on October 7th. It was immediately published in Chongqing Xinhua Daily, causing a sensation.

The troops successfully arrived at Yuanjiagou, Qingjian County, northern Shaanxi, ready to cross the river and enter the anti-Japanese front in the east. In order to investigate the terrain, Comrade Mao Zedong boarded the snow-covered Yuan Shang at an altitude of 1000 meters. When the great rivers and mountains of "thousands of miles frozen" were displayed in front of him, he couldn't help but be filled with emotion, poetic and beaming, and wrote the bold word "Spring Snow in Qinyuan". 1945 after Japanese imperialism surrendered, Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang. 1945 10 at the request of Liu Yazi, he wrote this poem about snow in his own hand as a gift to him. After the author returned to Yan 'an, Chongqing Xinhua Daily published Liu Yazi's Hehe Ci. 165438+1October 4th, published in Chongqing Xinmin Daily. Since then, some newspapers have been reprinted. 10.8, the supplement of Wen Wei Po published an ink version given to Liu by comrades.

[Edit this paragraph] Poetry translation

Northland scenery, thousands of miles frozen, Wan Li snowflakes floating. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, there is only boundless whiteness left; The Yellow River, which is wide up and down, suddenly lost its surging water potential. Mountains are like flying silver pythons, and hills on the plateau are like many white elephants running. They all want to try to compare with God. On a sunny day, it's especially nice to see red sunshine and white ice and snow complement each other.

Jiangshan is so charming that countless heroes compete for beauty. Unfortunately, the literary talents of Qin Shihuang and Liang Wudi were slightly inferior; During the reign of Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu was a little less than Sandwich. Genghis Khan, the hero of my life, only knows how to shoot an eagle with a bow. These characters are all in the past. Counting the heroes who can make contributions depends on today's people.

Writing background

1935 10 10 On 4th, the main force of the Central Red Army arrived in Shaanxi and Gansu, gained a firm foothold again and won a great victory. However, the external environment and internal conditions of the Shaanxi-Gansu base area are facing a very severe situation. 165438+ 10. On 3 October, a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau was held in Xiasiwan, Ganquan County to listen to the reports of Guo Hongtao, Deputy Secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, and Nie, Chairman of the Northwest Military Commission.

Inscription introduction

"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dou Xian" said: "Xian relies on the palace to gain power, so he asks for the garden of Qinshui Princess at a low price." "Qinyuan" is synonymous with the first residence of Houyan Princess, which is more common in Tang poetry. Cui Xun gave a banquet to write a poem for Princess Dongzhuang of Changning: "Outside the East Guo of Qinyuan, take a trip." Chu Guangxi's poem "Princess Shan Jutu of Yu Zhen": "Don't say that Qinyuan is good, and you are alone in Wuling flowers." On behalf of Guo Xie, the owner of the South Merchants table said: "The door opens the pavilion, and the land is in the garden."

This tune [Qinyuanchun]. When it was founded in the early Tang Dynasty and came from Houmen, it was known. Shiwan also said: "[Qinyuanchun] is an ancient song. Its author is extremely prosperous and its name is the most obvious." This piece of music is also called "Shouxing Ming". Besides, Fahuaqin has nothing to do with this tune.

Formerly known as 114 words. The first three sentences are all four words, and the first two sentences are the same. They are all flat. The third sentence begins with a rhyme, and the third word is the most important. It must be used because it is awkward. The first and second words are even. The fourth and fifth is the four-word comparison method. Add a word bean, and the second and fourth words will be even with the first and third words. The sixth sentence is the same as the fifth sentence. In the seventh sentence, the four-character rhyme is just the opposite; However, the first word can be flat. The eighth and ninth sentences are also four-character antitheses, which are the same as the two sentences in Crossing Qin Lou. The tenth sentence has seven words, the first word is not limited, and the last three words should be even, which is also awkward. The three words in the eleventh sentence should be even, but fixed. Twelfth, thirteenth, in fact, is the sentence of "upper five, lower four nine", that is, two four-character pairs occasionally add a word bean; However, even words are not as easy to move as the fourth and fifth sentences. After the beginning of the first word, the two words rhyme and are both flat. The second sentence is four words, the same as the previous sentence. The third sentence is eight characters, up and down seven, covering the tenth sentence of the previous sentence and adding a word bean. The fourth sentence is the same as the previous one.

These three sentences always describe the snow scene in the north, introducing readers into a silver world of ice and snow and vast expanse. Scenery in the North is the main sentence of the last film. The words "thousands of miles" and "Wan Li" are intertwined, that is, thousands of miles are frozen and Wan Li snows. The poet's vision is extremely broad, but "A Thousand Miles" and "Wan Li" are far beyond his vision, which is an extension of the poet's vision in imagination, with a broader artistic conception and great charm. The world is vast, pure and all-inclusive. "Frozen" is quiet, and "Snow Gone with the Wind" is light, quiet, moving, and there is a moving dance in silence.

Behold! Within and without the Great Wall, the boundless land is clad in white. And up and down the Yellow River, all the endless waves are lost to sight.

The word "king" dominated the following until the sentence "I will try to compare with God". The "hope" here means to climb high and overlook, and there is a lot of room for imagination. It shows the poet's own image and makes people feel his heroic interest. Under the word "Wang", the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the mountains and the plateau, which can best reflect the northern scenery, are displayed, and these landscapes are also the image of our great motherland. "Inside and outside the Great Wall" means from south to north, "up and down the river", which means from west to east. Such a vast area is in line with the previous sentences of "a thousand miles" and "Wan Li". The magnificent artistic conception shows the poet's broad mind and magnificent charm. "Only the residual awn" and "sudden loss" take care of "snow drift" and "freezing" respectively. The word "Weiyu" strengthens the whiteness. The word "lost" describes the speed of change and the intensity of cold awe, which reminds people of the majestic momentum when the rolling river is not frozen. These four sentences give the frozen snow scene more concrete and rich intuition with visual images, making the weather more magnificent.

The mountains are like dancing silver snakes, and the highlands are like advancing wax elephants, all trying to match the sky in height.

The dynamic description of "dancing mountain silver snake, original wax elephant" has a lively and unrestrained momentum. Adding a sentence "I want to compete with the weather" shows that "mountain" and "original" are connected with the sky, and there is a vibrant situation and competitive vitality. The Mountain and the Original are still lifes. Writing about them "dancing" and "galloping" makes romantic imagination move from static to dynamic. Of course, because the distant mountains are undulating in the snow, there are indeed mountains dancing and flying. More importantly, because of the poet's emotional leap, the nature in front of him is also vivid.

It must be a sunny day. Look at it wrapped in white and particularly enchanting.

The first ten sentences describe the real scene in front of us, and these three sentences describe the virtual scene. Imagine a clear sky after snow and dig out a new atmosphere. The scenery in the snow is majestic in the vast expanse, and the scenery after the snow is delicate and charming in the clear. The word "look" is juxtaposed with the word "look"; "Red Dress" compares the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers to girls' clothes, and describes the gorgeous scene in which the red sun and snow complement each other. "Extraordinary Enchanting", the passion of praise is beyond words.

This land is so beautiful that countless heroes bow to their knees.

These two sentences are the transitions described above and discussed below. There are so many beauties in the mountains and rivers, summarizing the scenery of the last part and making a general comment on the scenery of the north; At the beginning of "Holding Countless Heroes in the Waist", the author comments on heroes of past dynasties and expresses the poet's ambition. This transition makes the whole word seamless, giving people a seamless feeling.

The mountains and rivers of the motherland are so beautiful, it is no wonder that many heroes and heroes in ancient and modern times have fallen for it and are fighting for its unity and prosperity. The word "struggle" describes the fierce struggle between generations of heroes and the rise of heroes. The image of "bending over" shows the attitude that every hero falls for it and reveals the motivation to fight for it.

Cherish Qin Huang Hanwu, slightly lost literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish. Genghis Khan, the hero of the throne, only knows how to draw a bow and shoot arrows.

With the word "pity", there will always be seven sentences, and the evaluation of heroes of past dynasties will begin. The poet pointed out five very representative figures of emperors in past dynasties and unfolded a picture of history, which made comments concrete and vivid, just like reading a history book and commenting one by one. The word "pity" sets the tone of heroic comments in past dynasties, full of regret and criticism. However, the wording is very measured, and "a little literary talent" and "a little coquettish" are not all negative. As for Genghis Khan, if he wants to suppress before promoting, in the ups and downs of literary trends, he not only has a sense of regret, but also uses the word "only knowledge" with irony. "Bowing a bow and shooting an eagle" vividly shows the image that Genghis Khan only relies on martial arts and doesn't know how to cure it.

These characters are gone, a few heroes who can make contributions, look at today's people.

The word "let bygones be bygones" swept through the history of China feudal society, turned to the present era of poet's life, and pointed out the theme of the whole word "count romantic figures, but still look at the present". "Today" is a new era and needs new romantic figures. The "present" romantic figures will live up to the historical mission, surpass the heroes in history and have outstanding talents, which will surely create unprecedented achievements. This is the poet's firm self-confidence and lofty ambition.

This poem has a magnificent picture, enchanting beauty, magnificent artistic conception, magnificent momentum, unrestrained feelings and bold mind, which can quite represent the bold style of Mao Zedong's poetry, and is an outstanding work of snow-singing and lyric in Chinese ci circles.

[Edit this paragraph] Poetry appreciation

Chairman Mao's poetry is an epic of China's revolution and a wonderful flower in the ocean of China's poetry. "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" was praised by Liu Yazi, the leader of Nanshe Society, as the eternal swan song. This word has always been my favorite. Every time I read it, I seem to have returned to the war years and seen the great man who pointed out the country. I can't help but indulge in the bold style, majestic momentum, far-reaching artistic conception and broad mind.

However, since its publication, the word has been attacked by many malicious attacks, which has caused a long-lasting debate. Some people say that it has the emperor's thought and the emperor's breath; Some people say that exaggerating digression Wan Li; Some people say that it is an inappropriate metaphor and lacks a turning point; Some people say that its meaning is sparse and plain; Some people even say that this is imitation, and others are ghostwriting ... out of context, superficial, but like a stone sinking into the sea.

The pursuit of art is meaningful, and there is a hole in this word. The word comes from snow and is named after it, but it is not written for snow, but expressed by snow. It hides too many secrets and contains endless mysteries. Every sentence in it is meaningful, a true expression of the poet's thoughts and an answer to many important questions. Its sincere emotion, profound implication and incisive philosophy are breathtaking.

First of all, recognize the situation.

"Northland scenery freezing thousands of miles, Wan Li snow. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, I only feel a vast expanse, and the river is lost. "

What a cold Sunday, what a heavy snow, what human suffering! The face between heaven and earth was changed by snow, and I saw that the Great Wall was boundless and lifeless inside and outside. Even the surging Yellow River was frozen by snow and stopped flowing. China's northland seems to have entered a dead state. Reminiscent of Liu Zongyuan's famous sentence about snow, "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths".

1936 In February, Chairman Mao led the "China People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard" to cross the Yellow River and prepare to go to Suiyuan for anti-Japanese. When Yuanjiagou in Qingjian County, Shaanxi Province was planning to cross the river, it suddenly snowed heavily. He climbed to the top of the mountain and looked into the distance. Facing the vast land, he wrote this word with great pride. Its location is about 150km from the Great Wall in the north and 25km from the Yellow River in the east. It can be seen that the descriptions in ci are not all real scenes, but more scenes in the poet's mind.

The Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It stands in the vast northern China and represents the indomitable spirit of the people of China. As the defense line of Wan Li in the Central Plains, it has blocked foreign invasion for countless times. Inside and outside the majestic Great Wall, there is fire and smoke. The Japanese threatened North China, and the muzzle pointed to the important places of Peiping and Tianjin. Yin Rugeng defected to the enemy and betrayed the country, and organized the "Jidong Autonomous Government"; Chiang Kai-shek, regardless of justice, advocated "setting the outside world first".

The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. It roared and rolled forward, it selflessly nurtured Chinese civilization, it flowed with the long river of history and witnessed the rise and fall of honor and disgrace for 5 thousand years. On the banks of the mighty Yellow River, there is another life-and-death struggle. The Kuomintang assembled the Northeast Army, the Northwest Army and the Central Army, and hundreds of thousands of troops besieged the liberated areas. The Central Red Army has just arrived in northern Shaanxi, with only 8,000 people left. Its foothold is unstable and there is a shortage of grain, grass and ammunition.

Standing on the top of the mountain, facing the biting cold wind and the heavy snow all over the sky, what kind of mentality will you have? As Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, braved the flames of civil war and faced the bullying of foreign powers, what kind of answer would you make? Will China's vast and rich land be frozen? Will the vast and deep river of China history be cut off? As can be seen from the poem, what a difficult predicament Chairman Mao is facing, what amazing insight he has, and what profound thinking he is carrying out!

Second, guide the battle.

"Mountain dancing silver snake, the original wax elephant, wants to compare with the weather."

In an instant, the mountains danced as deftly as countless silver snakes; The plateau runs like a wild wax elephant. The whole world has changed from dead silence to jubilation, and there is endless vitality between heaven and earth. Snow is a gift from God, and suffering is a historical necessity, but we must break the ice, overcome suffering and contend with God. This is a strong man's answer to God, and this is a nation's answer to fate!

But what kind of strength, courage and wisdom does it take to fight against God's will? Silent mountains danced, the sleeping plateau woke up and became tribes, galloping on the earth. The mountains became the fighting weapons in his hands, and the plateau became the victory ladder in his eyes. Its wonderful place is hard to describe in words!

He discovered the power of the people. He has a profound understanding and research on China society. He aroused the people's resistance and inspired the amazing potential of the Chinese nation. That power is unparalleled and can only be compared with mountains and highlands; That kind of power can turn decay into magic and make the whole earth full of vitality. After the baptism of revolutionary thought, the sick man of East Asia became a millionaire. After the baptism of the Long March, the Red Army of Workers and Peasants has become an invincible force.

He inherited an unyielding character. He and his soldiers have a fearless courage and are not intimidated by any enemy. They are fighters who never give up, and their will is as tenacious as that of mountains and plateaus. In the face of challenges, there is no fear, only superhuman calmness; In the face of suffering, there is no sadness, only high morale. Gasoline cans can be used as cannons, explosives become the bane of tanks, and gunfire is like a battlefield symphony. ...

He has mastered the laws of war. One of the core of his military thought is "moving", which is full of spirituality in strategy and tactics. He is good at weaving flexibly in the heavily armed crowd of the enemy, and he can win by surprise in the encirclement of the other side's iron wall. His mobile warfare impressed any enemy, and every victory was like a miracle. He directed a series of war masterpieces in an almost artistic way, and deduced the art of war to a superb level.

Third, predict victory.

"It must be sunny, and looking at the red skirt is particularly enchanting."

In a blink of an eye, it is already sunrise; Talking and laughing, the strong shackles are gone. Chairman Mao has seen the end of the war and predicted victory to the whole world. What is revealed between the lines is clearly to reverse the boldness of vision of Gan Kun, and it is clearly the eyes that understand time and space. The China Revolution is destined to be an extremely difficult, tortuous and soul-stirring struggle, but the people will surely win and the revolution will surely succeed. There is no doubt that the snow will clear up the day after tomorrow

People often mistake "red dress" for "red makeup", or think that the two words have similar meanings, but there is a world of difference between them. Red represents passion, loyalty, blood and revolution, and is the main color of our league flag, party flag, military flag and national flag. Putting "red clothes" on the splendid rivers and mountains symbolizes the complete victory of the revolution. This sentence is about close comrades-in-arms, waiting for the victory of the revolution before watching the snow. Red clothes and plain clothes coexist, but they are not contradictory.

During the revolution, people often ask: How long can we fight the red flag when we are so weak and the enemy is so strong? A single spark can start a prairie fire. The characteristics of the people's army are getting stronger and stronger, and they can fight more and more. Even the fiasco of the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" and the perils of the 25,000-mile long March did not extinguish the flame of the revolution. The revolutionary army armed with Mao Zedong Thought will become an invincible division from small to large and from weak to strong.

The mountains and rivers of the motherland are so beautiful that countless heroes fall in love with each other. "How charming" means "extraordinarily enchanting", including the magnificent scenery in the north. "Bend over", dump. Slightly different from Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Jin, he said that he "carries five buckets of rice without bending over". Here, the heroes are full of feelings of dumping the mountains and rivers of the motherland.

(Zhou) According to

5. Cherish Qin Huang Hanwu, and slightly lose literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish.

Some outstanding heroes in history, such as Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu, etc. They are all talented, accomplished the great cause of reunification, or intimidated by force, but unfortunately, they all lack literary talent and elegance, and are even less generous and kind to the people's pains and demands.

(Cang Kejia)

A little literary talent, less talent. Literary talent originally refers to literary talent and talent. At this time, Qin Huang and Hanwu said that they both meant sandwiches. Civilization includes political, economic and cultural achievements.

(Zhang Hua)

Wind: This refers to the fifteen-country wind in the Book of Songs, that is, the folk songs at that time; Sao: This refers to Qu Yuan's masterpiece Li Sao. Coquettish has always been regarded as synonymous with literary works. This refers to literary talent, but also includes the meaning of literacy.

Literary talent refers to literary talent; Sao, the national style, originated from the Book of Songs, Li Sao and Chu Ci, all of which are poems, and the original intention is literary talent. Here, literary talent is used to summarize culture in a broad sense, including politics, thought and culture. From Qin Huang Hanwu to Tang Zongsong Zu, they were all representatives of the feudal ruling class. Although they have become some heroes in history, they are far from being compared with today's proletarian revolutionary heroes because of the limitations of the times and classes.

(Zhou) According to

6. A generation of Tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to shoot an eagle with a bow.

Tianjiao, short for "the favored son of heaven", called the Xiongnu in the north the favored son of heaven in the Han Dynasty, which means that the Xiongnu was favored by heaven, so it was so powerful. "History of Han" Volume 94 "Biography of Xiongnu": "Hu people are blessed by heaven." Hu, refers to the Huns. Later, the inheritance means that the alien who is opposite to the Han nationality is Tianjiao.

(Zhang Hua)

"Historical Records" Volume 19 Biography of General Li: "If the Huns shoot sculptures." The Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty (Volume 19) and Biography of Hu carried a taste of light and hunted in Gaocheng School. "When I saw a big bird, Yun Biao flew and shot it with a bow, right in the neck. This bird is shaped like a wheel, spinning down, and the land is the mainland. " The eagle, also known as "Big", is a bird of prey of the Eagle family, and only those who are good at shooting can shoot it. The above seven sentences refer to the heroes in the history of China, including Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu and Genghis Khan. Unfortunately, the top four have more martial arts than literary talents, and Genghis Khan has more martial arts than literary talents. According to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Song Taizu, they all have poems handed down from generation to generation, but they are not famous for them.

Mao Zedong's Poetry (Lei Hongye)

By the end of 1970s, 43 poems by Mao Zedong had been published. Among them, the poem 14, 29 words; Twenty-four pieces were created during the new democratic revolution, and 19 pieces were created during the socialist revolution and construction. The earliest creation time was Xin Lang (1923), and the latest creation time was the question and answer of Niannujiao bird (1965). After 1979, some of his other poems were revealed in some memoirs of his contemporaries.

Mao Zedong's poems have various themes, most of which are closely related to revolution or construction, and show proletarian patriotism, internationalism, revolutionary heroism and proletarian ideals. It fully shows the author's rich, especially uninhibited thoughts and feelings, and truly reflects the touching features of China's revolution and construction at various stages. Mao Zedong's poems successfully used revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism.

Mao Zedong has a high level of China classical literature accomplishment, and is good at bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new, making the past serve the present. He is good at boldly using traditional themes to write new poems, flexibly using allusions, myths and fables, creatively localizing previous poems and songs, and critically inheriting the expression forms of traditional poems. He can choose the most suitable Sion according to the content of his works, and he can freely use poetic style. Sometimes it rhymes strictly according to the rules of ancient rhyme books, and sometimes it is not rigid in order to better express the content. Mao Zedong's poems inherited and innovated the traditional forms of poetry skillfully, and displayed rich and brand-new contents perfectly.

Mao Zedong's poems have successfully used the techniques of "Xing" and "Xing", with vivid images and profound artistic conception, which is the organic unity of scenery, emotion and reason. Consistent with the main expression of the author's emotion and ambition, there are many magnificent scenes in the images it depicts, such as the frozen snow field thousands of miles away, the Yangtze River, Kunlun Mountain and the Great Wall. It depicts the artistic conception of this kind of scene, and as far as the picture is concerned, it is often vast, tall and profound; Emotionally, they are often frank, alert and magnificent. China * * * production party's magnificent struggle in party building, army building, United front and many other aspects, and its fine tradition and style; Mao Zedong's philosophy of life experienced in the long-term revolution and construction has been vividly reflected in these artistic conceptions.

Mao Zedong's poems have far-reaching influence. Xijiangyue Jinggangshan and the Seven Laws Long March spread all over the world with the book Red Star over China. The representative work "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" was published in Chongqing in 1945, which attracted the attention of the national cultural circles. 10, many newspapers and periodicals published rhythmic and harmonious works. At that time, the editor's note in the evening issue of Xinmin Daily said that it was "unique in style, rich in literature and emotion, and unattainable in boldness of vision". 1957, Mao Zedong's 18 poems were published in the first issue of Poetry Magazine, which aroused great interest from literary and art circles and readers, and many domestic newspapers and periodicals discussed Mao Zedong's poems. His poems and his literary thoughts had a great influence on the development of socialist literature in China. Since 1950s, his poems have been published many times in different forms. Among them, there are 18 poems by Chairman Mao (1957), 37 poems by Chairman Mao (1963) and 39 poems by Chairman Mao (1966). His poems have also been translated into the languages of dozens of countries and nationalities such as Britain, Russia, France, Germany, Japan, India and Greece.

(Excerpted from Encyclopedia of China China Literature Volume, Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1986). Slightly abridged)

Thirdly, the rich figurative meaning of "snow" and the self-interpretation of "painting the ground as a prison" —— A new interpretation of Mao Zedong's "Snow in the Spring of the Garden" (Jiang Gengyu)

Mao Zedong is a politician, strategist and poet. Most of his poems are about history and war, and "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" is the best one. Unlike some poems, it doesn't express itself directly, and it doesn't generally use the traditional figurative techniques of Chinese poetry. Instead, it is just right in "comparison" and "fu", and it is good at integrating the narrative method of "fu" into "comparison", thus forming a more vigorous style of words and a profound realm.

It is true that the author's intention directly affects the composition of the meaning of the work, but it has become a common phenomenon in the history of literature that the meaning of the work exceeds or even violates the author's intention. This is caused by the artistic law that "image is greater than thought". Qin Xue seems to be close to this phenomenon. There have always been many poems praising snow. "Snow" is a poetic natural scenery, and many poets have successfully explored it. The word Mao Zedong is popular because "when I first arrived in northern Shaanxi, I saw heavy snow". 1958 65438+February 2 1, Mao Zedong made another remark: "Snow: anti-feudalism, criticizing a reactionary aspect of feudalism in 2000. Literary talent, coquettish, big carving, only in this way, you have to know that this is writing poetry! Can we abuse these people? Other explanations are wrong. The last three sentences refer to the proletariat. " This "annotation" may bear the imprint of the growing trend of ultra-left thoughts at that time, but it also reveals the author's intention to some extent. Mao Zedong's conclusion that "all other explanations are wrong" is meaningful, which is obviously contrary to what the ancients said. Many versions of Mao Zedong's poetry appreciation follow the explanation of Mao Zedong's annotation. I wonder if they don't understand the laws of art or are influenced by the "two whatevers"? Mao Zedong's self-annotation can be used as a reference to understand his ci-poetry, but it should not be the only basis to interpret his ci-poetry. Only by drawing a three-dimensional picture can it be done. In addition, Mao Zedong in 1930s was very different from Mao Zedong in 1950s and 1960s. What's more, Mao Zedong is still reminding people that "this is a poem". He has the true feelings, personality and talent of a poet. Especially the first word, handy, in line with the laws of thinking in images. When the author really puts himself into the creative state, he is often not limited by subjective will, thus achieving the success of this word creation and giving us unexpected surprises.

The text is divided into upper and lower pieces. The last movie was inspired by snow, and I used snow scenes to express my feelings. This pen is unusual. "The scenery in the north is frozen for thousands of miles, and the snow in Wan Li is floating." Not writing the word "snow" first, but promoting "northern scenery" not only highlights the poet's impression of the northern snow scene, but also creates a unique and elegant environment, which can be crowned in the whole article. Then there is the large-scale exposition of snow scene. "Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, there is only a vast expanse; As soon as the river rises and falls, it loses its momentum. " The heavy snow covered everything, and the Yellow River lost its flowing appearance and boundless snow scene. "I'm just too wild" and "I'm lost" here are very accurate and vivid, highlighting the depth of the snow scene in the north. "Mountain dancing silver snake, the original wax elephant, wants to compare with the weather." It can be described as silent movement, snow-covered, rolling mountains, dancing like a silver snake, while snowy plateaus and hilly areas run like wax elephants. Mountains and plateaus are connected with drooping winter snow and clouds, so the author came up with the phrase "I want to compare with the weather". The metaphor of the two images of "Silver Snake" and "Wax Elephant" gives snow a sense of life at once, which has the artistic effect of seeing silence in motion. .