The formation reasons and process of Yuanyang terraced fields and Dongchuan red land, and the experience that other tourist destinations can learn from.

The reason why Yuanyang Hani terraced fields are so magnificent and unique is first caused by the special geographical structure of nature. Yuanyang is located in the south of Yunnan Province, which is characterized by high in the northwest and low in the south. From Zhongdian and Lijiang in the northwest to Simao, Banna, Honghe and Wenshan in the south, the altitude drops gradually, forming a cold temperate and frigid climate type with no summer all the year round in the high altitude area of northwest Yunnan and a subtropical and tropical climate type with no winter all the year round in the low altitude area of south Yunnan. From northwest Yunnan to south Yunnan, with the decrease of altitude, the three-dimensional climate is more and more obvious, and the rainfall is also increasing. The biggest rainfall in the whole province is the Hani people's concentrated area on the south bank of Honghe River, with an average annual rainfall of 1397.6mm, and the corresponding rice farming is becoming more and more intensive, and the dry land farming is decreasing. This makes the terraced rice culture more and more developed from the Nujiang River, Lancang River and Yangtze River systems in northwest Yunnan to the river systems in south Yunnan, and finally forms the geographical composition environment of the most concentrated and developed terraced rice planting area in the whole province and the whole country in the Hani area in the south section of Ailao Mountain on the south bank of the Red River.

Secondly, the specific topography, climate and other natural conditions of Ailao Mountain also determine that the Hani Terrace in Yuanyang must be the most magnificent and unique spectacle. The landform of Yuanyang is characterized by high mountains and deep valleys, criss-crossing ravines, mostly of the type of cutting mountains, that is, the mountains in the county have been deeply cut by the Red River and the rattan river system for hundreds of millions of years, with the central part protruding and the sides low, giving a bird's-eye view of the whole territory, the mountains are continuous and mountainous, and the terrain develops in a "V" shape, which is spectacular and abnormal. The lowest altitude in the territory is 144 meters, the highest altitude is 2939.6 meters, and the altitude difference is 2795.6 meters. Most of the climate in the county belongs to subtropical monsoon type, but the three-dimensional climate is prominent because of the complex terrain and disparity. The average annual temperature in Heba area is 25 degrees, the highest temperature is 42 degrees, the average annual temperature in high mountain area is 11.6 degrees, and the temperature difference between the two areas is 13.4 degrees. In the journey from the river dam to the high mountain area through the lower and upper mountains, it is necessary to experience changes in the tropics, temperate zones and cold zones. It is the so-called "one mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles are different from the sky". Heba Canyon is known as "dry-hot valley area" because of its extreme heat and drought, and high mountain area is called "damp and cold area" because of low temperature rainfall. The evaporation in the dam area is large, the cloud density in the high mountain area is high, and the rainfall is abundant. There are 29 tributaries in the water system * * * which is dominated by the two main streams of Red River and Rattan River, with a total length of more than 7 kilometers. The total water resources are 2.69 billion cubic meters, the surface is 2.81 billion cubic meters, and the groundwater is 69 million cubic meters, which can be used for 147 million cubic meters. These rivers are the total source of all water sources in Yuanyang. The perennial high temperature in the low-latitude dry-hot valley makes the river water evaporate a lot (for example, the maximum evaporation in Nansha area reached 236.5mm in 1995). A huge amount of water vapor rises with the hot air mass layer by layer, and is cooled and oppressed by the cold air mass in the "wet and cold area" of the mountain, resulting in the situation that the annual fog period in Yuanyang is 18 days and the annual rainfall is 1397.6mm, which is also the reason why the upper half of Yuanyang is shrouded in fog all year round, with extremely rich rainfall and a magical and magnificent sea of clouds.

The Hani people have cultivated thousands of terraced fields with the lifelong efforts of dozens of generations, and introduced ditch water channels into the fields for irrigation. Because the mountains and rivers flow all the year round, the terraced fields can be saturated with water all the year round, ensuring the development and harvest of rice. The imagination of the Hani people to cultivate terraced fields is amazing. It changes with the mountain terrain and adapts to local conditions. When the slope is gentle, it cultivates fields, while when the slope is steep, it cultivates small fields, even in the crevices under the ditch, all of them strive to open fields. Therefore, the terraces are several acres, and the small ones are only as big as dustpans, and often there are thousands of acres on one slope. This landscape constitutes an unpredictable symphony of heaven and earth art, which has become a spectacle of terraced fields attracting worldwide attention.

Origin and process of red soil in Dongchuan:

Red soil is a kind of low-yield and barren soil, which is mainly due to the acceleration of "red soil desertification" by human and weather natural factors. Due to the large population and small land, over-exploitation and deforestation, and the characteristics of soil itself, soil productivity in red soil areas is low, soil erosion is serious, and it is seriously degraded in many areas, forming "red desertification". Steep slope reclamation or over-reclamation, or deforestation, deforestation for firewood and destruction of surface vegetation lead to soil erosion and land degradation. In addition, the soil erosion in hilly areas of southern China is serious, which is more harmful than that in the Loess Plateau. It leads to the bare stone, which can't be recovered, forming a "red desert".

red desertification: soil erosion and land degradation in southern hilly areas, red soil exposure

stony desertification: soil erosion and land degradation in southern hilly areas, red soil exposure further erodes stony exposure

yellow desert: desert in northwest China is widely distributed

white desert: ice and snow cover in Antarctic continent

land desertification: land desertification, land salinization, red desertification and stony desertification.

Experience for reference:

Farming culture is the backbone of China's excellent traditional culture, and it is also an important spiritual and cultural resource for building the core values of the Chinese nation. It is of great practical significance to fully tap and utilize agricultural cultural resources in the new period for the protection, inheritance and innovation of China's excellent traditional culture. The rapid development of Hani terraced fields and Dongchuan red land tourism and their successful brand building provide reference experience for the development and utilization of agricultural cultural tourism resources in other parts of China. On the basis of analyzing the development of Hani terraced field tourism and drawing lessons from successful experience, this paper puts forward some ideas for the development of agricultural cultural tourism in Dabie Mountain.

hope to adopt, thank you!