Three periods of Bauhaus?
Bauhaus experienced three stages of development before and after:
The first stage (1919-1925) was the Weimar period. As the headmaster, Gropius put forward the lofty ideal of "new unification of art and technology" and shouldered the sacred mission of training designers and architects in the 20th century. He recruited talents, hired artists and craftsmen to teach, and formed a new education system combining art education with manual production;
The second stage (1925— 1932) is the Dessau period. Bauhaus rebuilt in Dessau, Germany, and carried out curriculum reform, implementing the teaching method of integrating design and production teaching, and achieved excellent results.
1928 Gropius resigned as president of Bauhaus, and was succeeded by sepp maier, director of the Department of Architecture. This architect from * * * extended Bauhaus's artistic radicalism to political radicalism, which made Bauhaus face more and more political pressure.
In the end, Meyer himself had to resign at 1930, and was succeeded by L Mies van de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Faced with the pressure from Nazi forces, Miss tried her best to keep the school running. Finally, 1932+00 After the Nazi Party occupied Dessau in June, she was forced to close Bauhaus.
The third stage (1932-1933) is the Berlin period. L. ludwig mies van der rohe moved his school to an abandoned office building in Berlin, trying to rally. Because the spirit of Bauhaus was not tolerated by Nazi Germany, in the face of the Nazi government that just came to power, Miss finally got nothing, and announced the permanent closure of Bauhaus in August of that year. 1933+0 1 Bauhaus closed in June, and 14 had to end its development.
Extended data:
The influence of Bauhaus:
Germany was defeated in World War I. As a defeated country, on the one hand, it suffered heavy losses in morality and economy, on the other hand, it released rare vitality during Weimar period.
Construction is the expression of this vitality, and it is the group belief that this country will get up again. It is in this context that Bauhaus came into being.
19 19, Gropius published the Bauhaus Declaration in Weimar, which revealed the basic program of Bauhaus College, namely, combining art with technology, paying equal attention to handcraft and art, and creating and manufacturing alliances.
This makes Bauhaus College itself a concept, a source of new ideas and an art movement to promote social renewal.
Although Bauhaus College only existed for 14 years, its influence has been passed down to this day. This is because its system reflects the clues of western civilization from the industrial period to the creative period, and the era when the industrial structure and commodity model have undergone profound changes. Its products are the important remains of the secret symbols that reveal this profound change.
From the consumption tendency of light metal materials revealed by the first steel pipe furniture "Vasily Chair" designed by Marcel Lajos Breuer to the minimalist and emotional design tide led by the "Barcelona Chair" designed by Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe for the German Pavilion of the 1929 Barcelona World Expo.
From the mass production of "Bauhaus series lamps" designed by Hans Meyer to the prototype of door handles with geometric figures designed by famous teachers, behind these collections is not only a story of design and function itself, but also a historical narrative about the gradual formation and development of business model and mass production.
As we all know, the so-called new business model of the latter is more difficult to win than the former. The model idea advocated by Bauhaus is to strive to provide consumers with a new way of life and dare to challenge and cater to convention.
The market is not conservative, and great innovation will eventually go to the public. Gropius later established the American General Plate Company in 1942 to promote the building mode of prefabricated composite structure. In this industrialized and standardized building mode, the house itself is a package composed of prefabricated panels.
There are various interchangeable prefabricated panels in the bag, which are used for roofs, walls and floors with different division of labor. This construction mode was not only widely used in urban reconstruction in the United States in 1960s, but also set off a prairie fire in China 20 years later. We can still feel the impact of this model on our life and environment.
Bauhaus College created the earliest popular design culture in the last century with its innovative spirit full of challenges and development. Bauhaus attaches importance to the transformation of materials and the realization of functions, so there is a tendency of simplicity. Square, circle, triangle, straight line and curve are the simplest.
This simplicity brought the idea that "less is more", popularized the standard style representing the spirit of mechanical aesthetics, and then advocated the mass soul of industrial design, forming a modern utopian thought that pushed mass production onto the historical stage and implanted simplicity aesthetics into the mass mind.
Bauhaus's textbooks are devoted to the baptism and movement of such an idea. In teaching, on the one hand, Bauhaus College almost enforces its basic courses and stimulates individual creativity by sorting out different materials and textures; On the other hand, it emphasizes manual training and hands-on training.
The college needs many workshops, where students can do practical work, and then cultivate a simple idea of combining heart and hand to realize the aesthetic change of unified life in the mechanical age. There are many contradictions in Bauhaus College, and the expressionism thought of basic teaching at first is obviously different from the constructivism that was implemented later.
However, it is the core of his thought to devote himself to crossing professional barriers, serving the public and realizing new aesthetic changes through teaching experiments.
It is this core that was spread as an increasingly popular design culture in the long period of the last century, profoundly affecting human life and every related textbook until today.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Bauhaus Style