Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points
1, the shape and size of the earth The earth is an irregular sphere with slightly flattened poles, with an average diameter of 637 1 meter.
2. Latitude and Latitude On the globe, the area around the globe in the east-west direction is called latitude. All latitudes are circles, which can be called latitude circles; The length of latitude circle is long or short, the equator is the longest, it gradually shortens to the poles and finally reaches a point. The latitude represents the east and west directions. ?
Second, land and sea.
1. Calculation method of ground height The vertical distance above the altitude of a place on the ground is called altitude. The vertical distance from one place to another is called relative height.
2. Contour lines connect points with the same altitude, which is the contour line. Each contour line has a corresponding height value. Where the slope is steep, the contour lines are dense; Where the slope is gentle, the contour lines are sparse.
Three. Weather and climate
1. Weather Climate Weather is the atmospheric condition of a place in a short time, such as sunny, rainy, hot and cold. It is always changing. Climate is the average weather condition of a place for many years, which generally changes little.
2. the temperature changes during the day, and the temperature is high and low. The highest temperature on land usually appears in the afternoon (about14); The lowest temperature appears around sunrise. In a year, the monthly average maximum temperature in most parts of the world appears in July in the northern hemisphere and 65438+ 10 in the southern hemisphere. The monthly average minimum temperature appears in 1 in the northern hemisphere and in July in the southern hemisphere. The difference between the highest monthly average temperature and the lowest monthly average temperature in a place is called annual range.
Fourth, residents and settlements.
1, some concepts about population:
A. Birth rate: the ratio of the number of babies born and surviving within one year to the total number.
B. mortality rate: the ratio of the number of people who died in one year to the total number of people.
C natural growth rate: birth rate minus death rate. Population density: generally refers to the average number of people living per square kilometer.
Geography is a subject that studies various natural and human phenomena and their relationships in the geographical environment of the earth's surface. The word "geography" first appeared in China's Book of Changes. Ancient geography mainly explores measurement methods related to the shape and size of the earth, or describes known regions and countries. Geography is a subject that studies various natural and human phenomena and their relationships in the geographical environment of the earth's surface.
explain
(1) See "Geography" for the subject name. It is the same as the definition of "geography": it is the general name of a complex subject system that studies the interaction between natural elements and human elements on the earth's surface and the characteristics, structure, pattern, process, regional differentiation and related courses offered in schools at all levels. Geography is divided into physical geography and human geography. Many scholars separate economic geography from human geography, so geography can be divided into three categories: physical geography, human geography and economic geography.
(2) The ancient name of "geomantic omen" is the theory that ancient scholars studied the effect of the way of "harmony between man and nature" on the earth's surface or internal system. At present, there are a large number of ancient books handed down, all of which are called Geography. The ancient books such as Geography to Husband, Geography Sugarcane Record, Five Strategies of Geography, Four Marbles of Geography, and Geography Gold are all masterpieces of Feng Shui, where "geography" is another name for Feng Shui.