The Terracotta Warriors and Horses were colored when they were discovered. What do these colors mean?
Liang Dong: The film crew in front of us is rushing to Hukou. If you are not very forgetful, you should remember that in 1997, Phoenix Satellite TV planned a feat of flying over the Yellow River, which was also very popular at the time. After "Little Hei Ge" became the number one flyer in Asia, we recently invited Hei Ge to revisit his hometown and return to Hukou. I wonder how he felt about it? But let’s take a look at today’s clip first. The clip that was sent back today is about the film crew in front of us going to the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang. This Terracotta Warriors and Horses are located on the east side of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum. Each of the nearly 10,000 specially made pottery figurines has lifelike facial expressions. , and they are all different. Therefore, it can be said that each of the terracotta warriors and horses is an independent work of art. Let Xiaoli take us to see it, as well as today's Qiu Yulu.
Wu Xiaoli: This place was the first terracotta warriors and horses unearthed in 1974. It was excavated by a farmer while digging a well. After that, more than 6,000 terracotta warriors and horses were discovered here. Since the 1970s, China has received many heads of state here. So far, 110 heads of state have visited the Terracotta Warriors and Horses here. However, after 1993, because of the need to protect cultural relics, heads of state of all countries cannot get close to each other. Go down to the pit to see these terracotta warriors and horses. It wasn't until 1998 when U.S. President Clinton and his family visited China that they were allowed to get close to the Terracotta Warriors and Horses again. Today, we have also coordinated and obtained permission, so we can go down to the pit to see these Terracotta Warriors and Horses up close.
Because ordinary people are not allowed to go into the pit, there is only one working ladder here, so it is more dangerous.
Qin Shihuang reigned for 36 years, and it took 36 years to build the mausoleum, using 700,000 manpower alone. In 211 BC, Qin Shihuang died of illness, and one can imagine the grand funeral. According to estimates, the Qin Kingdom had a population of 20 million at that time, and 700,000 people accounted for about one-tenth of the country's young and middle-aged labor force.
How many treasures are buried in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is still unknown. The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses provide a wealth of physical data for the study of military, culture and economy. Its excavation is hailed as one of the great discoveries in the archaeological history of the 20th century.
The largest terracotta warriors and horses here are 1.8 meters tall, and I am 1.7 meters tall. People cannot see me behind the terracotta warriors and horses. The film crew of "Millennium Journey" went through a lot of hard work and got special approval. We finally went down to Pit No. 1, so close to the Terracotta Warriors and Horses. We can see here that there are nearly 6,000 soldiers of the Qin Dynasty, and we can see that they are facing the east. There are two ways to do this. One is that Qin Shihuang heard a Feng Shui master at that time saying that there will be people in the east. The power of Qin Dynasty was rising, so their armies were facing the east in a defensive posture; another theory is that the people of the Qin Dynasty actually started to develop from the east, and they really prospered from Baoji, Gansu, and Xianyang. Therefore, their funeral custom is to sit in the west and face the east. Then we can see that there are relatively few people wearing heavy equipment in these terracotta warriors and horses, and they usually wear light equipment. There is a saying that they are very brave in fighting, so they rush forward desperately, so look It turns out that no one is wearing a helmet so far, and the merits and demerits of Qin Shihuang are still being debated. I believe this will always be a topic of discussion wherever there are Chinese people, but one thing is certain that he unified China.
In addition, we found some places and names behind the terracotta warriors and horses. For example, this one is from Xianyang, which means people from Xianyang. At the same time, we found here that in addition to Xianyang, there are also people from Shandong, In Zhejiang, craftsmen from all over the country built their terracotta warriors and horses here, so this also confirms that Qin Shihuang really unified China at that time.
We can also see that the Terracotta Warriors have black hair and yellow skin.
Wu Yongqi, Director of Qinshihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum: Black hair, black beard, black eyebrows, and the hairband must be red. The colors of the terracotta warriors and horses are all different. He can wear whatever he likes, or what his family gives him to wear, because the military uniforms worn by Qin are also uniform now, but these clothes are all prepared by his own family. .
We have now arrived at Pit No. 2. Many archers were excavated here. I am holding a bow and arrow with some patina on it, but we were surprised to find that the pottery figurines are now There are skin colors inside, and the original color is similar to human skin color. He is a remnant figurine. According to research, in fact, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses are not a living clay figurine, but a remnant figurine. However, after the completion of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, it has experienced two Large-scale damage, one caused by war and another caused by flooding, caused its color to fade, and what we are excavating now also began to slowly fade due to the passage of time. But after excavating this pit, we Conservation work began.
In fact, the entire Qin Mausoleum is an underground kingdom. Its area exceeds more than 50 square kilometers. The current known square meters may be more than 600, and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, which everyone is very familiar with, were excavated from it. The largest one, but in the past two years we have excavated a larger burial pit in the city. The armor made of stone material behind me now was excavated from a burial pit larger than Pit No. 1. . As we have just said, some of the unearthed cultural relics we have unearthed now are less than one percent of those in the world's tombs. I believe there will be more surprising discoveries in the future, and the curator also assured us that in the future we will A Qinling Mausoleum Museum will be built for the world to view all the unearthed cultural relics.
(Qiu Yulu: I felt grievances against the foreign explorers who quietly carried away Chinese cultural relics. I once said that I wished I had been born many years ago to stop their convoy in the desert and have a few arguments. There were several young Critics laughed and said, can you argue with others? You should be more sensible and let it go. I am deeply pained by this cynicism of future generations...
...My answer is: Child, you should know that. At that time, the Old Summer Palace had just been burned to the ground. You should know that Chinese scholars could decipher the oracle bone inscriptions on their own, and you should know that even illiterate Chinese farmers were qualified to debate with foreign explorers.)
Liang Dong: I just took a careful look at the expressions, hairstyles, costumes, and movements of those terracotta warriors and horses. They are really different and lifelike, so I have been thinking about a friend's words in my heart: All art is about people. art.