What is known about the weather conditions of underwater animals and plants? How much is needed?
1. There are different climates on land, corresponding to different natural land zones. What you see is the world’s land climate distribution map!
Human beings mainly live on land, and various activities are mainly carried out on land. To understand the climate of various places, just look at the world climate type distribution map.
2. To understand the regional differences in the world’s oceans, you must look at the natural zone map of the world’s oceans.
Compared with land, the surface of the vast ocean is very simple, and the surface temperature, salinity, water layer dynamics and distribution of marine life also have certain zonal characteristics. However, due to the huge fluidity of ocean water bodies, the zonality is not as obvious as that of the mainland. The boundaries between natural zones can only be roughly determined, and the number of ocean natural zones is also small. The division of marine natural zones is still based on the thermal zone, and the distribution of biota is also one of the main indicators of the division of marine natural zones. According to the different temperatures of ocean surface water in winter, it is divided into four types: cold water (less than 0°C), warm water (0°~10°C), warm water (10°~20°C) and hot water (greater than 20°C). Combined with the changes in the number of plankton, which are closely related to seawater temperature, physical and chemical characteristics and water body movements, the world's oceans can be divided into seven natural zones.
(1) Arctic zone. It includes the Arctic Ocean beyond most of the water surface of the Barents Sea, and the portion of the Atlantic Ocean northwest of the line from Newfoundland to Iceland in eastern North America. The surface water temperature here is low, and due to the long freezing period of the continent, there are not many nutrient salts flowing into the ocean from the rivers, so the number of marine life species is limited. Only in the marginal waters where the ice melts can there be plankton, and some fish and other animals Attracted here. Among them, fish with economic value mainly include Arctic cod, white sea herring, etc.; in addition, there are cetaceans (Arctic whales or Greenland whales) as well as seals, walruses, seagulls, puffins, puffins, etc.
(2) North temperate zone. It borders the Arctic zone to the north and the sea around 40° north latitude to the south. It is affected by polar air masses all year round. Although the surface water temperature is low in winter, the salinity is low, the oxygen content is high, the vertical exchange of water masses is strong, the water is rich in nutrient salts, and there are many plankton, so a large number of fish that feed on plankton are The species reproduced and grew, becoming an important fishing ground distribution area in the world. The number of fish species in this zone is much richer than that in the Arctic zone, including Pacific cod, herring, salmon, etc. It plays an important role in the world's fishery economy. Among mammals, there are fur seals, sea donkeys, sea otters, Japanese whales and dolphins in the Pacific Ocean; in the Atlantic waters there are Biscay whales, White Sea dolphins, seals, etc.
(3) Northern tropical zone. It is located between 40° north latitude and 10° to 18° north latitude. Controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt throughout the year, the vertical exchange of water bodies in the vast sea area is weak, nutrients in deep water are not easy to rise, and there are fewer plankton and economically valuable fish. However, in sea areas affected by equatorial ocean currents, deep water rich in nutrient salts rises, allowing plankton and fish to reproduce, forming valuable fish fishing areas. There are very few mammals, mainly sperm whales. A variety of zooplankton breed in the northern part of this zone, and there are a large number of corals, turtles and sharks in the southern part.
(4) Equatorial zone. It is located between 10° to 18° north latitude and 0° to 8° south latitude. Located in the equatorial low-pressure area, the temperature is high throughout the year, the wind is weak, and evaporation is strong. In addition, the vertical exchange of seawater caused by the equatorial ocean currents causes the nutrients in the lower layer to rise, and the biological nutrients are relatively abundant. There are more fish, mainly sharks, crocodiles, etc. , flying fish is a typical fish in the equatorial zone.
(5) Southern tropical zone. It is located between 0°~8° south latitude and 40° south latitude. Due to the extremely strong high pressure in this zone, the position of the tropics moves northward, and other characteristics and causes are basically the same as those in the northern tropics.
(6) South temperate zone. Approximately between 40° and 60° south latitude, the development and growth conditions of marine life are similar to those in the northern temperate zone. Marine plants are luxuriant, giant algae grow extremely well, and plankton are abundant. It is the area with the most marine animals in the southern hemisphere. There are several animal groups that can be seen in both the southern and northern temperate zones living here, such as seals, fur seals, whales, swordfish, minnows, catfish, sharks, etc. In winter, marine animals from the south spend the winter here, and in summer, tropical marine animals come to fatten. In the southwest of the African continent and along the coast of Peru in South America, due to the existence of upwelling, rich nutrients and organic substances in the deep seawater are brought to the surface of the seawater, causing plankton to multiply in large numbers. Therefore, fish are very abundant and have become an important fishing industry in the southern hemisphere. district.