Visit Shanghai Meteorological Museum
Visiting the Meteorological Museum requires an appointment at the official WeChat account of Shanghai Meteorological Museum. The time is 10, 2: 00 p.m., and it is a tour for the team, with 20 people as a team, and there is an interpreter to explain it, so that the audience can more intuitively understand the observation tools and working principles used by the meteorological station.
1. Why was the Meteorological Observatory built in Xujiahui?
At that time, Xujiahui was a famous religious center in Jiangnan. The observatory is near the missionary's residence, with flat terrain and no obstacles around it, which is conducive to observation. In addition, Xujiahui is close to Zhaojiabang and Puhuitang River, and shipping vessels can easily reach Huangpu River. In view of this, the missionaries chose to start the observation of meteorological, geomagnetic and other elements in Xujiahui.
The original Xujiahui Observatory had only a few simple bungalows, only a few thermometers, one or two barometers and so on. Later, due to the expansion of business demand, the observatory was built at 1900. After the completion of Xintianwen Station, its business has developed again, connecting the network to Siberia in the north, Manila in the south, Japan in the east and Indian Peninsula in the west, and releasing meteorological news to meteorological stations and sailing ships along the coast of China, becoming a famous meteorological station in the Far East, making Xujiahui Observatory the largest private meteorological research center in the world.
Second, all kinds of thermometers and barometers.
1. This is a metal thermometer invented by18th century.
2. Thermometers in the shape of houses (18th century)
3. Is this Lv Xian? Vidie 1843 invented the aneroid barometer, modeling with stopwatch.
This is a clock barometer invented by Bertalli about 1800.
This is a barometer invented by France in 1900.
Second, the working mode of meteorological stations
At that time, meteorological services were heavily dependent on communication equipment. With the gradual emergence of communication equipment such as telephones and telegrams, Xujiahui Meteorological Observatory began to provide meteorological services by telephone and telegraph from 1883. After 1925, with the development of radio technology, Xujiahui Observatory cooperated with Kellogg Company to broadcast Chinese and English weather forecast, which opened a new chapter in bilingual weather forecast in Shanghai.
Third, the origin of modern observation
1. Octal instrument
With the rise of navigation, octometer was born. About 1730, British Hadley and American Godfrey each invented a new navigation instrument-octometer: it uses two mirrors to aim the projection of the sun or stars at the horizon, so as to determine the latitude (that is, the distance to the south or north). Its greatest advantage is that the movement of the ship does not affect the observation results.
2. Theodolite
1576, Joshua Habermei of Germany invented the first real theodolite (with compass and tripod). The appearance of theodolite improves the accuracy of angle observation, simplifies the process of measurement and calculation, and provides more accurate data for drawing maps. In addition, the meteorological industry often uses theodolite to track the sounding balloon and complete the high-altitude wind measurement operation.
Fourth, meteorological cooperation.
The international longitude comparison in 1926 and 1933 is a large-scale international scientific cooperation project. At that time, the International Bureau of Longitude chose a datum point with a longitude difference of 120 degrees near 30 degrees north latitude. Xujiahui Observatory has powerful functions and superior geographical location (31N165438). In addition to Xujiahui, the other two bases are San Diego (32 43' N, west longitude117 09' N) in the United States and Algiers (30 09' N)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is a famous meteorologist in China.
Shu Jiaxin, a former chief engineer of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau and honorary chairman of Shanghai Meteorological Society, has written more than ten books on meteorology and other specialties.
6. Meteorological satellite invented by China
Fengyun no.1
Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite is the first generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite developed by China. The satellite can send real-time meteorological cloud pictures to cloud picture receiving stations all over the world, and can also detect and study the ocean. Many countries in America, Europe and Asia have established data receiving systems and corresponding data processing and application systems. Fengyun-1 satellite data has become one of the important data for natural disaster monitoring and environmental change research.