Nanjing among the five cities in East China
Nanjing is a sub-provincial city, the capital of Jiangsu Province, a national historical and cultural city, a national comprehensive transportation hub, an important national innovation base and scientific and technological innovation center, a modern service center, a modern service base and an advanced manufacturing base, a shipping and logistics center along the Yangtze River, an ecologically livable city along the Yangtze River, an important gateway city for the development of the central and western regions driven by the radiation of the Yangtze River Delta, a city that won the special honor award of UN-Habitat, and also the 2nd Asian Youth Games and the 2065438.
Nanjing is an important comprehensive industrial production base in China. Nanjing ranks second among domestic cities in terms of electronic and chemical production capacity, third in terms of vehicle manufacturing scale, leading in technology and scale of machinery manufacturing, and leading in large household appliances and building materials industries. Nanjing is an important transportation and communication hub in East China. It has established an omni-directional, three-dimensional and large-capacity transportation network, five modes of transportation such as railway, highway, water transport, air transport and pipeline, and a modern communication system. Nanjing is one of the four scientific research and education centers in China, an important base for higher education and scientific research in China, and has a number of first-class universities and scientific research institutions in China. Nanjing is listed as one of the "Top 40" cities with hard investment environment in China by nine ministries. It has been rated as the fifth among the "Top 50" cities in China, one of the four major garden cities in China, an excellent tourist city in China, an advanced city in rejuvenating the city through science and technology, a national model city with double support, a top ten city in comprehensive urban environmental improvement, an advanced city in scientific and technological progress, a national experimental zone for the integration of informationization and industrialization, a pilot city for comprehensive reform of the national scientific and technological system, and a national environmental protection and health city. Nanjing is located in the vast plain of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, living by the river, and the "golden waterway" passes through the city. As a natural port, Nanjing Port has become the largest inland port in the Far East, and its urban development is also located in a riverside port city. It has become a comprehensive industrial base, an important transportation hub and communication center with electronics, automobiles and chemicals as the leading industries in eastern China.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen once commented on Nanjing: Nanjing is the ancient capital of China, before Beijing. Its location is in a beautiful area. Its land includes mountains, deep waters and plains. It's hard to find such a beautiful place in a world metropolis. Historically, Nanjing has benefited and suffered from its unique geographical location and extraordinary geomantic scenery. In the past, Nanjing suffered many military disasters, but it also rebuilt its prosperity from the ruins many times. When China was occupied by foreigners and the Han nationality was about to suffer extinction, the Han nationality usually chose Nanjing to recuperate and aspire to the Northern Expedition and restore China. Daming and the success of the second Northern Expedition in the Republic of China; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xiao Liang and Liu Song were defeated in the Northern Expedition. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, ministers unanimously agreed to take Jiankang as the capital and restore the Central Plains. To their regret, Song Gaozong had no intention of the Northern Expedition, but was forced by public opinion to make Jinling its capital. Even if the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom takes Nanjing as its capital, it is one of the mobilization bases and legitimacy to expel alien rule. Therefore, Nanjing is regarded as the revival place of the Han nationality and has a special position and value in the history of China. Therefore, after comparing the four ancient capitals of Chang 'an, Luoyang, Jinling and Yanjing, Mr. Zhu Dai said: "These four metropolitan cities are rich in literature, handsome in people, beautiful in mountains and rivers and magnificent in weather, which is closely related to the national crisis, especially Jinling."
Capital dynasty (*** 14), in which Zheng Shuo has 1 1: Wu (2 1 1), Eastern Jin (3 17) and Song (420). Capital), Ming (1368), Nanming (1644), Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853), Republic of China (19 12).
The first Qin Wang Qi
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanjing belonged to the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the State of Wu set up a smelting city here. In 472 BC, after Gou Jian destroyed Wu, the King of Yue ordered him to build a "Yuecheng" on the Qinhuai River. In 306 BC, during the Warring States Period, it belonged to the State of Chu. Chu Weiwang built a city on the Stone Mountain and set up Jinling City. In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang changed Jinling to Moling. In the early Han Dynasty, Moling was the fief of Han Xin, the king of Chu, and Liu Bi, the king of Wu. 128 ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty granted his son Wei Liu Molinggong.
Ancient capital of six dynasties
2 1 1 year, Sun Quan moved from Jingkou to Moling and changed his name to Jianye. In 229, Sun Quan called Wu Dadi, which has been the capital of Jianye since Wuchang. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, and the reconstruction industry was Jianye. Later, in order to avoid the Jin emperor Sima Ye, it was renamed Jiankang. In 3 17, Si Marui acceded to the throne, which was the capital of Jiankang for the formal establishment of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In 420, Song Wudi proclaimed himself emperor and established Song Liguo and Jiankang. In 479, Xiao Daocheng proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Song Dynasty, established Qi State, and built its capital and health. In 502, Daiqi proclaimed himself emperor, and Liang and Jian Kang were the capital. In 557, Dai Liang, Jian Kang proclaimed himself emperor.
Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen were also called the Six Dynasties, so Nanjing was called the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Today, Nanjing Library retains the ruins of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties. Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties was the largest city in the world at that time, with a population of one million. It is the first city in the world with a population of over one million. Its developed economy and prosperous culture preserved the ancient Jiangnan culture in China. The culture of the Southern Dynasties represented by Jiankang, together with Nanjing and Rome in the Six Dynasties, is called "the two centers of world classical civilization" and has a far-reaching influence in human history.
Jinling sentiment
In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty took Shitou Town as Jiangzhou, which was changed to Danyang County in Yang Di during the Sui Dynasty. Since then, the rulers of Sui and Tang Dynasties moved Yangzhou from Jinling to Guangling, and once cancelled the establishment of Nanjing State. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Du and Fu owned the rebels to occupy Danyang County, surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and changed Danyang into a naturalized place in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu rose up and established the Song regime. Jiangnan, Tang Ping, is a rising country. In the Five Dynasties, Yang Wu and Guo Li built Jinling, thinking it was the western capital. In 937, Xu Zhimo (Li Bian) replaced Wu, founded the country in Nantang, made Jinling its capital, and changed Jinling House to jiangning house.
Accompany the capital to build health
In 975, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, and jiangning house was promoted to the state. 10 18, Song Zhenzong took Zhao Zhen as the king, and soon became the crown prince, and the country name was changed to jiangning house. 1 127 years, Song Gaozong acceded to the throne and changed jiangning house to Jiankang House as the east capital. Soon nomads from the south, Gao Zongnan fled, with Shaoxing as the temporary capital. 1 138, Song Gaozong fled to Hangzhou again, established a bank, and changed Hangzhou to Lin 'an Prefecture. Jiankang House Shaoxing House is the capital. 1275, Yuan soldiers went south, taking Jiankang House as Jiankang. 1329, Kangjian was rebuilt as.
Enlightened city
1356, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Qing Ji and changed Qing Ji Road to Yingtianfu. As a base, Zhu Yuanzhang called himself Wu Guogong. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian. "The mountains and rivers have the land of China, and the sun and the moon reopen the Great Song Day." Therefore, the name of this country is Ming, and this is Ming Taizu. The Northern Expedition in Ming Dynasty was successful. Take Yingtianfu as Nanjing, think of it as the capital, and Kaifeng as Beijing, thinking of staying in the capital. /kloc-stopped in Beijing in 0/378 and changed Nanjing as the capital. 1403, Beiping, Ming Sheng was named Beijing, thinking that he would stay in Beijing. /kloc-at the end of 0/420, Ming Chengzu moved to Beijing with its capital in Nanjing. The Ming Dynasty implemented the dual-Beijing system. 1644, Axe King and Zhu Yousong acceded to the throne in Nanjing, which was called Nanming in history. Sometimes there is a bright future, courtesy is in the Yellow Emperor, clothing is in the Han and Tang Dynasties, sex is in creation, sea waves are thousands of miles away, and the son of heaven protects the country and sends the seeds of Chinese civilization to the border.
The situation in heaven
1645, the Qing army conquered Nanjing. Change South Zhili to jiangnan province, and Yingtianfu to jiangning house. 1649, Jiangning established the Governor of Liangjiang. 1853, the Taiping army conquered Jiangning and changed Jiangning to Tianjing, thinking that it was the capital. Build the Taiping Heavenly Palace near today's presidential palace. 1864, the Qing army conquered Tianjing, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom perished.
Capital of fraternity
19 12, Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing, which is the capital of China. 1927, the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Nanjing. Soon, the Nanjing National Government was established. The success of the Northern Expedition in the Republic of China ended the warlord regime and completed reunification. On September 1937 and 19, Gu, commander of Japan's Third Fleet, ordered the indiscriminate bombing of Nanjing and others. 65438+February 65438+March, the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, followed by a bloody massacre in Nanjing for half a year. In the worst six weeks of atrocities, * * * killed more than 300,000 compatriots and 1 10,000 women in rape 2, which is known as the "Nanjing Massacre" in history.
The rebirth of the old capital
1949 On April 23-24, China People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing and established Nanjing Municipal People's Government. After 1949, Nanjing was first a municipality directly under the central government. 1952 Jiangsu Province was restored, and Nanjing was reduced to a provincial city, which is the capital of Jiangsu Province. 1990 Nanjing was designated as a city under separate state planning, and 1994 the provincial capital city was abolished. The Central Organization Establishment Committee of the State Council has determined that the administrative level of Nanjing is sub-provincial.