Damage of Beijing Wangfu
Second, Prince Rui's Mansion: There are two places, one is in pudu temple, south of Donghuamenchi, and the other is in Jin124 Middle School, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Street. The former was the residence of Prince Rui after he entered Beijing, while the latter was the new residence after the restoration of Prince Rui Spyker in Qianlong period. Prince Rui, the regent of the early Qing Dynasty, was the fourteenth son of Nuerhachi, the emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, and the younger brother of Huang Taiji. In the first year of Chongde, Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty (1636), Prince Rui was appointed as one of the iron hat kings of the founding people's congress in the early Qing Dynasty. After entering Beijing, Ming Nangong was chosen as the palace, and the site was on the south side of Donghuamen Street. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Dourgen was forced to take the title after his death and the palace was abolished. His son Dolbeau sealed Baylor in the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657) and established Baylor House in Shidaren Hutong (today's Foreign Affairs Street). In the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), the title of Prince Rui was restored, and his descendants succeeded him. Baylor House was the new residence of Prince Rui. There are more than 5 original rooms, leaving only a section of tile-roofed courtyard wall and two broken stone lions.
3. Prince Yu's Mansion (Xinjun Wangfu): It is located at the east entrance of Shuaifuyuan in Dongcheng District, Dongdan Santiao, where the Union Medical College Hospital is located today. The Prince of Yu was Duo Duo, the fifteenth son of the Qing emperor Nurhachi. Duo Duo is resolute and can be used to fighting. Since then, 13 kings have inherited the title of Prince Yu. Legend has it that the fourth generation of Yu Wang likes playing chess, and Gan Long also likes playing chess. Both of them are good at chess. Emperor Qianlong often went to Yu Wangfu to find Xiao Yu Wang to play chess for entertainment. One day, the monarch and his subjects will play chess and plan to compete. The result is 5: 5, and the outcome is even. How to reward and punish? Gan Long had a brainwave and said, "I won't reward you or pull your doornail. Tell you what, I'll allow your wall to be three feet higher! " The height of the government wall is also a sign of rank, and the quasi-heightening of the government wall is actually an honor. The king of Yu was very happy to take orders and add walls. In fact, later, the king of Yu realized that adding a wall actually imprisoned himself more tightly. The wall of the mansion is the same as the wall of the prison, which means to imprison the king of Yu for life. From this, Beijing has left a proverb that "the room of the Li Wangfu is the wall of the Yu Wangfu". With the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the title of Prince Yu's iron hat came to an end. In order to maintain the huge expenses of the family, at the end of 1916, Yu Wangfu, with a history of nearly 3 years, had to be sold to Rockefeller, the American oil king. The Americans demolished all the buildings in the Wangfu, and invited experts from China and the United States to design and build the Concord Medical College and its affiliated hospital, which combined Chinese and western medicine. It is said that when the Yu Palace was demolished, a large amount of gold and silver treasures hidden underground by Yu princes in previous dynasties were dug up. It was with these large treasures that Union Medical College Hospital purchased the most advanced medical equipment and became the best large-scale general hospital in China at that time. Apart from the two lying lions at the entrance and the decorations outside the old Prince Yu's Mansion, there are no other relics to be found, but it is worth mentioning that the existing pair of lying lions are the only ones in front of all the palaces in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty.
Fourth, Prince Su's Mansion: Originally located in Dongjiaominxiang, it was designated as the embassy boundary after the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty", and the palace was moved to Nanchuanban Hutong in Beixinqiao. It was built during the Shunzhi period, and it was used as the residence of all previous dynasties. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (191), it became the Japanese embassy, leaving only the walls. Its place is now the Beijing Municipal Government. Prince Su was named Hogg, the eldest son of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, and was named Prince Su in the first year of Emperor Taizong's Chongde (1636). He was one of the eight iron hat kings founded in the early Qing Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Taizong, he fought with Dourgen for the throne. When Dourgen gained power, he was persecuted. In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Hogg was imprisoned and killed in prison. Since then, all the descendants of Haug have been sealed by Prince Xian, and in the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), the title of Prince Su was restored.
v. Zheng Qinwang House: Zheng Qinwang House is located in Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District. It is the official residence of Jierhalang, the founding father of the Qing Dynasty. Jierhalang was the son of Shu 'erhaqi, the third brother of Nuerhachi, the emperor of Qing Dynasty. In 1652, he was given the title of Uncle Zheng Qinwang, and he was one of the famous "Eight Iron Hat Kings" in the early Qing Dynasty. Wangfu was founded at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, and the construction of princes' mansions in the Qing Dynasty was customized. If the base address is too high or more houses are built, it is illegal. Zheng Qinwang Jierhalang was dismissed from office and fined after being impeached in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647) because he built the foundation of the mansion and used bronze lions, turtles and cranes. After the completion of the mansion, the kings of the past dynasties have been repaired or expanded, and the most important thing is the expansion of the garden by Wang Depei of the eighth generation. The name of the garden is "Huiyuan", which is the best in the garden of the imperial palace in the capital. Zai Yuan and Su Shun, princes of Zheng Qinwang Duanhua Heyi in the 13th generation, were equated with "Eight Ministers of Gu Ming". After the "Xinyou coup", they were given self-destruction and no property. After ten years of Tongzhi, they were returned to the restored Spyker's celebration and returned to Zheng Qinwang House. After the Republic of China, the palace was first mortgaged to Xishiku Church, and in 1925, it was leased to China University as its campus. Zheng Wangfu sits facing south. The original layout is divided into three parts from east to west, and the front part of the east is prominent, which is the main hall of the Wangfu. The central and western areas are probably retreating with the street trend, and the middle area is another courtyard and the western garden. Existing buildings, only the east remains, with street gates and 3 rooms wide; The main entrance is 5 rooms wide, and between the steps, the relief is still there; The main hall is 5 rooms wide, and there are also Dan positions between the steps; The east annex building is 5 rooms wide, and the west annex building is only 3 rooms wide near the north; Finally, it is the main bed, with a width of 5 rooms. When China University was used, it was renamed Yixian Hall, which is still in use today. The original back cover building and some ancillary buildings were demolished, and Erlong Road Middle School is now built in the western garden. Zheng Wangfu is now the site of the State Education Commission and a key cultural relic under protection in Beijing.
VI. Zhuangqin Wangfu: Zhuangqin Wangfu was originally closed in Xisi Beitai, and went north to Mazhuangyuan Hutong. Shuosai, the fifth son of Taizong, was named King of Chengze County in the first year of Shunzhi. In the eighth year of Shunzhi, Gong Jin was the prince. Boguoduo, the first son of Shuosai, attacked the prince in the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655) and changed his name to Zhuang. Since then, they have all been inherited by Zhuang Qinwang. Zhuang Qinwang Jae-hoon once set up a boxing ring in Wangfu. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded his house and was burned. In the 192s, Chun Li, a northern warlord, and his younger brother Xin bought the Zhuang Palace, demolished its buildings and built a house here, which was called Ping 'anli. The brick carving of "Ping An Li" is kept in Xicheng District Cultural Relics Bureau. Later, it was opened here as Ping 'anli Street (merged into Di 'anmen West Street). Its address is divided into north and south areas. Today, Taipingcang Xikou Road is north. It is the front site of Zhuang Qin Wang Fu.
VII. Shuncheng County Palace: Shuncheng County Palace is located in the west of Taiping Bridge Street, Zhao Dengyu Road, Xicheng District. Now Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is located. The king of Shuncheng County is Luck Dehun, the great-grandson of Qing Taizu, and the third son of Prince Dai Shan and the second son of Prince Sakhalin. In the eighth year of Chongde (1643), due to the case of brother Ada, the king of Yingjun County, who supported Prince Rui, he was demoted from the imperial clan and named Baylor. The following year, General Pingnan took the place of Duo Duo to guard Jiangning, and later led his division to fight for Huguang, making outstanding achievements. In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), he was crowned King of Shunzhi County. Became one of the "eight iron hat kings" founded in the Qing Dynasty. Soon the governor of Hunan attacked Guangxi. Li Shi is in charge of punishments. Shunzhi died in 1652, aged 34. During the reign of Kangxi, he paid tribute to you. Inherited by his four sons, he succeeded the king of the county. Among the eight top hat kings in the early Qing Dynasty, only their official address and official number remained unchanged. The square of this mansion drawn in "Full Map of Qianlong Capital" starts from today's Taipingqiao Street in the east, west to Jinshifang Street, south to today's Huajia Hutong, slightly north to Liutiji Hutong, and north to Maxian Hutong. Although the area of the mansion is not very large, the layout is neat. The layout of the mansion is divided into three roads from the outer wall. The middle road is the main building. Like other palaces, it is also the front hall and the back bedroom, with the main entrance (palace gate), the main hall and two wing buildings, the back hall and the back bedroom (the original back building has now disappeared). East and west roads are residential areas. When Zhang Zuolin entered Beijing, he occupied Wangfu as the Grand Marshal's House. After 1949, it was the office of the permanent body of China People's Political Consultative Conference. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Auditorium was built outside the main entrance of Wangfu, and the main buildings in the middle road were basically preserved. The original pattern of several-storey courtyards in front of and behind East Road is still preserved. In 1984, it was designated as a key protected cultural relic in Beijing.
8. Keqin County Wangfu: Keqin County Wangfu (Yanxi County Wangfu, Pingjun Wangfu) is located in the north of Xikou Road, New Culture Street (formerly Stone Hummer Street) in Xicheng District. The king of Keqin County is the eldest son of Prince Li Dai Shan. The king of Keqin County was posthumously sealed and was one of the "Eight Iron Hat Kings" in the early Qing Dynasty. This mansion was built during the Shunzhi period. The original area is not large, and the plane layout and the regulation of the palace are still in line. There is still a shadow wall in the south of Fu Road, and only the East Wing Building exists in the front of Fu. The inner door, back bedroom, east-west matching room and back cover room at the back are all intact. Most of the original buildings also exist in the western cross-courtyard. After the Republic of China, Manson, the last generation of Kewang, sold the mansion to Xiong Xiling for residence, and now there is still the lettering content of Xiong Xiling and his wife Zhu Qihui handing over the property to the Beijing Relief Society on the corner pillar of Liangshan Mountain. It is a key protected cultural relic in Beijing.
the above six family palaces and two county palaces, that is, the "eight masters", are all "hereditary". In the Qing dynasty, the general hereditary titles were inherited by a lower level, such as the son of the prince attacking the county king and the son of the county king attacking Baylor. "Hereditary substitution" is limited to those who are considered to have "special contributions", such as the eight iron hat kings who participated in the "founding" war in the early Qing Dynasty. There are also four palaces that are hereditary, but they were given a late seal. They are:
1. Yiqin Wangfu: It is located in the north of Chaonei Street where Science Publishing House is located.
located at No.137 Chaoyangmennei Street, it was originally the residence of Baylor Yunqi. The palace of the original Yi Prince Yunxiang was in Dongdan Shuaifuyuan. After Yunxiang died in the eighth year of Yongzheng (173), the old residence was changed to Xianliang Temple, and the mansion here was given to the second generation Yi Prince Hongxiao. After Zai Yuan, the sixth generation of Prince Yi who attacked the Lord in the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), was convicted, the palace was taken back, and it was given to Wang Yi, the ninth son of Daoguang Emperor, for three years of Tongzhi (1864). In the 11th year of Tongzhi reign (1872), the Duke of Jin was the Prince of Fu, and because he ranked ninth, the mansion was also commonly known as "Jiuye Mansion", and it was formerly Chengbeile Yunqi Mansion. "This house is now a national key cultural relics protection unit.
The layout of Wangfu is divided into three roads: East, Middle and West. The middle road is the best preserved, and the west road basically preserves the original main buildings. The east road is seriously damaged, and there are not many remaining buildings.
the middle road is the core of the Wangfu, with five courtyards, the central axis of which is more than 2 meters long. It is spacious and imposing. The southernmost gate is the outer gate, with five rooms in width, and one door in the middle of the gate (formerly the three doors in the middle of the gate). Only during major ceremonies will the three doors be opened at the same time. It adopts a hard mountain roof, covered with gray tiles, with a straight ridge, kissing animals and hanging animals. There are sixteen corner rooms in the east and west of the courtyard, and five "Asmen" in the east and west, which are used for entering and leaving the east and west courtyards at ordinary times; There are ten wing rooms in the north of the gate. There are five gates, one in the middle, three in the back, a swallow gallery, a building on the top of the mountain, a beast with a straight ridge on the top, covered with green glazed tiles, and a stone lion on the left and right in front of the door. There are six corner rooms in the east and west. The entrance is the second courtyard, with seven halls built in China. The front and rear corridors rest on the top of the mountain, covered with green glazed tiles, and the eaves are covered with seven steps, and there is a platform in front of the hall. The main hall has seven wings and nine wing rooms. Between the main hall and the second door is the third courtyard, which is relatively long and narrow. There are five second doors, the front and rear corridors rest on the top of the mountain, covered with green glazed tiles, and the eaves are covered with five steps. There are five rooms along the mountain on the left and right of the door. North of the second gate is the rear sleeping area, with seven sleeping halls in the center. The front and rear corridors rest on the top of the mountain, covered with green glazed tiles, and the eaves are covered with five-step heavy beams, and the front of the hall leaves the platform; There are three rooms along the mountain on the left and right sides of the temple, and five rooms in the east and west halls. After the sleeping hall, it is the last one to enter the courtyard. There are seven back-illuminated buildings, seven rooms with front porches, and seven rooms with corner rooms on both sides.
The front part of West Road has been rebuilt, and only a few buildings are scattered in it. Most of the courtyards in the back still exist. There are three original main doors and seven inverted rooms in the east and west. The existing main doors and the inverted rooms in the west have been lost, and only seven inverted rooms in the east remain. The weeping doors and verandahs in the north of the gate were demolished, and new buildings were built on the original site. The Sijin Courtyard in the north is basically intact. In the first courtyard, there are five main halls, the front and rear corridors rest on the top of the mountain, and three left and right annex halls. There are five main rooms in the second hospital, and the front and rear corridors are hard to reach the top of the mountain; There are five east and west wing rooms in the courtyard. There are five main rooms in the third courtyard, hard peak with front porch, and five rooms along the mountain on the left and right; There is a small courtyard on the east and west sides of this courtyard, and there are three north rooms on each side. The fourth courtyard has five main rooms, and there are seven rooms and six rooms along the mountain. These four courtyards are all connected by verandas, with small scale and compact layout, and the spatial forms of the courtyards are also different and quite varied.
The original pattern of East Road has been lost, and there is only a porch with three bedrooms and surrounding corridors in the center, which shows that this place was originally the garden of Wangfu. There is a quadrangle in the north of East Road, which is quite exquisite, with five south rooms, three main rooms, three east and west rooms, and a veranda in the middle of the courtyard.
The layout of this mansion can be regarded as the most typical format of the palace in Qing Dynasty, that is, three axes and four parts-the central axis is the ceremonial space, the western axis is the residential space of the house, and the eastern axis is the leisure space of the pavilion; The service rooms are placed in front of the axes on both sides respectively. In a word, the layout of this palace is rigorous and regular, the construction is excellent, the levels of halls and houses are distinct, there are many types of buildings, and the space changes are rich. At the same time, the layout of Fu Wangfu is basically consistent with the provisions of the Qing Hui Dian, and it is roughly consistent with the Yiqin Wangfu in the Full Map of Beijing by Qianlong, indicating that its layout still maintains the original appearance in the middle of Qing Dynasty, which is a valuable example for studying the architecture of Wangfu in Qing Dynasty. At present, Wangfu Middle Road is mainly used as the office building of the unit, and the east and west roads are residential buildings.
2. Qing Prince House: No.3 Dingfu Street, Xicheng District, Qing Prince House. King of Yi Kuang, the Prince of Qing Dynasty? In the 3th year of Daoguang (185), he stole Ye Zi's fall and pulled the heir and grandson of U, and attacked the general of the auxiliary country. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Yi Kuang moved to the mansion of Qi Shan, the former university student in Dingfu Street. During the Xianfeng period, Yi Kuang was a general of the auxiliary country and Beizi, while Baylor was the king of Jinqing County in the tenth year of Guangxu, the prince of Jinqing in the twentieth year and the hereditary prince in the twenty-fourth year. After the Revolution of 1911, Yi Kuang fled the British Concession in Tianjin in 1912 and died in 1918. Qing Wangfu was originally called Wangfu when it was rebuilt according to the regulations of Wangfu after the reign of King Qing in Guangxu ten years (1884). Wangfu building is divided into three parts. The center is the main hall, and now there is only one rest room. The east has also been rebuilt. At present, only the western region is basically intact. The west is the living and residential area of Wangfu, with three groups of courtyards side by side. The original halls have names and plaques. Finally, there is a two-story building, commonly known as the dressing building or embroidery building. There are three groups of courtyards, each with its own gate. After 1949, the Beijing-Tianjin Garrison Command set this up as a key cultural relic under protection in Beijing.
three, the alcoholic palace: there are two places, one is Taiping Lake in Xicheng, and the other is the northern edge of Houhai.
The alcoholic palace is located in the northern edge of Houhai. Formerly known as the mansion of the Pearl of the University in the early Qing Dynasty. In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, the eleven sons of Qianlong were named as princes, and the Pearl House was given eternal management. Then it was rebuilt according to the regulations of Wangfu. When this mansion spread to Yu-Bian, it was given to Yi Xuan, the prince of alcohol. Yi Xuan's former Wangfu was in Dongli, Taiping Lake, Xicheng District (now the Central Conservatory of Music). Because Emperor Guangxu was born in this mansion and became a postal worker, the King of Alcohol had to move out after Guangxu succeeded to the throne. for