There is a lot of skin on the legs in winter, which looks like fish scales. What is the reason and how to treat it?

This is because when the weather gets cold, the air becomes dry, the skin becomes dull due to lack of moisture, and the epidermis is thin and brittle, with many tiny wrinkles. Small dry dandruff is easy to produce on the skin surface (you can not take a shower for two days in cold weather, and then you can see the small dandruff with your fingernails), which is easy to block pores and lead to poor pore excretion. In severe cases, it will produce many tiny pimples on the skin (like goose bumps during the Cold War). Here is a more detailed document: Preventing dry and itchy skin in autumn and winter. How to prevent and improve dry and itchy skin caused by dry and cold weather? In fact, for dry and itchy skin caused by seasonal changes, the most important thing is prevention, because prevention beforehand is often much more effective than treatment afterwards, which means that effective measures should be taken in time before symptoms appear to avoid skin problems. The key to prevent skin dryness and itching is to keep skin moisture, reduce the loss of moisture and oil in stratum corneum and protect sebum function. Suggestions can be made from the following aspects: 1) When taking a bath, choose a mild shower gel with weak acidity and avoid using alkaline soap with strong cleaning power, because even a neutral shower gel is alkaline compared with human skin. You should also avoid taking a bath with too hot water, and it is best to use a water temperature close to the body temperature (no more than 40 degrees). Moreover, it is necessary to reduce the number of baths, shorten the bathing time, and avoid excessive loss of water and fat caused by heat. Don't rub hard when taking a bath, because overheated water and rubbing hard will wash away the protective layers such as sebum and keratin of the skin, which will easily hurt the skin and even cause local inflammation of the skin, making the nerves more excited and aggravating itching. 2) After bathing, when the skin is not completely dry, immediately apply moisturizing body lotion, especially in the particularly dry parts such as limbs, which can help the skin to restore water-oil balance and form a thin film on the skin to prevent water evaporation. Moreover, because the pores are slightly open just after taking a shower, skin care products are easier to absorb and penetrate. You should put on clothes and socks as soon as possible after applying skin care milk, which not only keeps warm, but also prevents the loss of skin moisture and sebum, and helps to strengthen the improvement effect on dry skin. After the skin is effectively moisturized, it can effectively reduce dryness and itching. If you feel dry skin at ordinary times, you should also use lotion at any time to moisturize dry skin in time, with emphasis on calves and arms. The front part of the calf and tibia is the part with the least sebaceous glands in the whole body, so it is most prone to itching and dandruff, while the arm is often exposed to the air and is most prone to dryness. 3) The topic of body lotion has been discussed a lot in the forum. I recommend several lotions with mild ingredients to you. La roche-posay Body Milk: Its ingredients mainly contain the extract of the plant "avocado" in addition to glycerin and other commonly used humectants; Avocado is rich in glyceric acid, protein and vitamins, and it is moist but not greasy. Because it is closest to the human sebum membrane, it can not only soften and moisturize the skin, keep the skin soft and elastic, but also accelerate the healing of skin lesions, and has the skin care function similar to the natural "sebum membrane" of human skin. As long as a thin layer is applied to dry skin, it can effectively moisturize the skin and relieve itching. Neutrogena Body Cream Body Moisturizing Lotion: Rich in glycerin and natural sesame oil, it can quickly moisturize dry muscles and prevent water loss. Excellent moisturizing ability, can provide moisture for skin for more than 8 hours. L'' L 'Occitane Shea butter: contains 15% shea butter, natural honey and apricot oil, and contains essential fat components and vitamins for skin. It can maintain the natural moisturizing level of the skin, and the texture is light, soft and easy to absorb. After use, it can keep the skin soft and shiny all day, bringing efficient nourishing, moisturizing and protecting effects, and is suitable for any skin, even sensitive skin in dry season. Especially shea butter, which is rich in unsaponifiable ingredients, has deep moisturizing effect, which can not only prevent drying and cracking, but also further restore and maintain the natural elasticity of skin. Biotherm Body Moisturizing Emulsion: It contains natural mineral water and is rich in minerals. Its unique ingredient PERTARE can make moisturizing molecules fully absorbed by the skin, replenish moisture, effectively nourish the skin, and make the skin feel no longer dry and tight. 4) Reduce the use frequency of exfoliating products and avoid damage to skin protective film caused by excessive exfoliation. Skin care products should also be adjusted and updated in time with the changes of seasons. If your skin care products will tingle or even be red and itchy after use, it should be replaced immediately. Skin care lotion/cream with low irritation and high moisturizing degree should be selected to enhance moisturizing function. It is suggested that moisturizing cream or cream containing hyaluronic acid, collagen and other moisturizing ingredients can be used to lock water and moisturize. 5) Pay attention to sun protection during the day. Although the sunshine in autumn is not as severe as that in summer, the power of ultraviolet rays in autumn can not be underestimated, because the concentration of atmospheric ion layer in autumn is thinner than that in summer and the amount of ultraviolet rays absorbed is less than that in summer, so ultraviolet rays are still quite strong. It can be said that the skin is more vulnerable to ultraviolet rays during this period, and ultraviolet rays are also one of the culprits of dry skin, so don't forget to use sunscreen to protect the skin after applying moisturizing lotion during the day. 6) In order to avoid skin moisture evaporation caused by dry indoor air, indoor humidity should be increased as much as possible, generally about 50 degrees. If you stay in an air-conditioned room for a long time, it is recommended to use air humidifiers and other equipment indoors; Or you can take economic measures, such as putting a few pots of water indoors, or putting a few fish tanks and hydroponic plants. It is also a good choice, which can keep the indoor air moist and help keep the skin moist. Before going to bed every night, you can also put a small basin of water on the bed, which can also play a certain role in humidification. 7) Personal clothes should be made of loose cotton products, preferably sweat-absorbent and breathable, to avoid contact friction or skin itching caused by hot sweat. At the same time, we should also avoid wearing sweaters, nylon and chemical fiber clothes to avoid irritating the skin and causing allergies. Especially in cold weather, some people like to wear thermal underwear, but it should be noted that some thermal underwear is made of composite sandwich material, that is, a fluffy chemical fiber is sandwiched between two layers of ordinary cotton cloth to achieve the purpose of keeping warm. This chemical fiber component is easy to generate static electricity when worn on the human body, and will generate a large number of cations around the human body, which will stimulate the skin, reduce the moisture of the human skin, increase dandruff, and also cause skin itching. Therefore, people with allergic skin should try to wear underwear that is not easy to generate static electricity, such as pure cotton and silk. In addition to choosing suitable skin care products, internal conditioning is also very important, and attention should be paid to rest and proper psychological pressure adjustment. In terms of diet regulation, we should pay more attention to drinking more water to replenish the water lost by the body and increase the water supply of the skin. Pay attention to balanced nutrition and eat more water-rich foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, milk and soy milk. You can also often eat sesame oil, soybeans, peanuts and other foods, which contain unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid. But if the human body lacks linoleic acid, the skin will become dry and the scales will become thicker. Vitamin intake is also very important for the prevention and treatment of skin itching, especially vitamins A, B2 and B6. When the human body lacks vitamin A, the skin will become dry, scales will appear, and even prickly papules will appear on the skin. So eat more foods rich in vitamin A, such as animal liver, carrots, rape, celery, eggs, cod liver oil and so on. Vitamin B plays a vital role in human metabolism. Lack of vitamin B will hinder metabolism, affect cell function and easily lead to skin problems such as dermatitis and acne. Foods containing vitamin B6 include: wheat bran, potatoes, peas, Chinese cabbage, beef liver, beef kidney, bananas and so on. Foods containing vitamin B2 are: soybean, yeast, animal liver, mushrooms and so on. At the same time, patients with itchy skin should avoid spicy, greasy, seafood, coffee, cigarettes, wine and other irritating foods, because these foods are irritating to the human body and skin, which may aggravate the condition of people who already suffer from certain skin diseases. For example, patients with skin suppuration should eat less sweets and alcohol; Foods such as peppers, onions, garlic, wine and strong tea can cause many reactions such as poor sleep quality and emotional instability. These psychological factors will also affect people's sensitivity to stimuli, which is more likely to cause itching, especially those with pruritic neurological disorders. The symptoms are getting worse. Diet should be light and eat less high-fat foods, because high-fat foods will increase the oil burden on the skin, especially the pores on the skin surface are easy to block; Eat less sugar food. Too much sugar will increase the proliferation of bacteria on the skin, stimulate the skin and cause itching. Seafood such as fish, shrimp and crab are "allergens" of skin itching, which can easily release active substances around skin blood vessels and aggravate skin itching, and should also be avoided. For simple seasonal skin itching, as long as the above maintenance principles are achieved, the problem of skin itching can be greatly improved or even eliminated. If severe intractable itching occurs, we should consider whether there are other visceral diseases, such as diabetes, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic constipation, tumors and so on. , it can also lead to different degrees of skin itching. At this time, you need to go to the hospital for relevant examinations immediately. /MRSS/MRSS-MR/HFMR/JBHL/2004105090428319.htm-If the skin is dry and itchy all the time, remember not to scratch the affected area, so as not to scratch more and more, which will lead to the expansion of the scope. Maybe everyone has had this experience. Sometimes walking from a cold outdoor to a warm indoor, or taking off a thick coat and lying on the bed before going to bed at night, the skin will suddenly itch under the stimulation of one cold and one hot, and you can't help scratching, but often the more you scratch, the more itchy you scratch, forming a vicious circle. Moreover, scratching is likely to damage the skin and strengthen the skin's response ability. If you grasp it too hard, it may cause dermatitis or leave pigmentation and lichenoid sclerosis on the skin, which will be more difficult to treat. So many times, if the itching is not very serious, try to endure it. Don't scratch casually. You can use some moisturizing things for dry and itchy parts. If itching is serious, you can also apply some antipruritic ointment/liquid medicine containing mint and other cool ingredients (such as calamine lotion, Saigeng cream, triamcinolone acetonide ointment, etc.). ) to relieve symptoms and make the skin gradually return to normal; Or local cold compress with a towel soaked in cold water can also relieve the symptoms of itchy skin. For oral medicine, people with dry skin can take cod liver oil pills, one pill three times a day. Oral multivitamins (such as Shierkang and Shancun tablets) and calcium tablets also have a certain auxiliary effect on the treatment of itching. When there are common itching symptoms, you can take sitamin and cetirizine without sedation during the day, and take chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine and other antihistamines with sedation half an hour before going to bed at night. If the whole body itches, you can take anti-allergic drugs such as phenanthrene or cyproheptadine to relieve symptoms. For external use, the situation is more complicated, and drugs need to be selected according to the different conditions of patients. Generally speaking, if the facial skin is itchy, 4 ~ 6 layers of gauze soaked in 3% boric acid solution can be used to wet compress the face for about 65,438+0 hours, and then a thin layer of Elozon ointment can be applied once a day. This kind of external medicine has the functions of astringent skin care, anti-allergic and anti-rash, has no adverse stimulation to facial skin, and does not cause corticosteroid side effects such as facial skin atrophy and telangiectasia. In addition, all skin care products must be stopped during treatment. Skin itching of neck and back, back, limbs, back of hand and instep can be treated with drugs such as Piyanping ointment, endless cream, anti-allergic and antipruritic water. These drugs have nerve paralysis, antipruritic and antiallergic effects, but they are also more irritating to the skin. Because the stratum corneum of the above parts is thick, they can tolerate the slight adverse stimulation of these drugs on the skin. Skin itching of chest, abdomen and buttocks occurs in the front of neck, chest, abdomen, buttocks and limbs, and calamine lotion and zinc oxide lotion can be selected. These drugs are used for soothing, protecting, cooling and relieving itching, and have no irritation. Because the stratum corneum in these parts of the epidermis is relatively thin, alcohol can't be used as a solvent, such as anti-allergic antipruritic water and piminting tincture. Itching of armpit, navel and groin occurs in armpit, navel, groin, vulva and anus, and compound miconazole ointment, pevisone cream (also known as compound dakening cream), Fu Kang Wang cream, Baolongkang cream and compound Connale cream can be selected. These drugs have antiallergic, antipruritic and antifungal effects. Because there are many skin secretions in the above-mentioned parts, the skin is often in a moist state, and when the skin in these parts is itchy, it is often accompanied by various types of fungal infections, so the above drugs are very suitable for the skin itching in these parts. In addition, it should be emphasized that the above medication information is for reference only. Whether it is for oral use or external use, my suggestion is to use it reasonably under the guidance of a professional doctor after diagnosis, because blind medication is likely to have adverse effects on the skin and produce side effects. It is particularly important to note that when the skin is itchy, do not use some topical ointments containing hormones such as Piyanping, Wuji Ointment, Fusong and other corticosteroid ointments. This hormonal drug may have a good effect at first, and some skin symptoms will soon disappear after application. However, after long-term use, this drug is easy to cause skin abnormalities at the application site, such as secondary infection, folliculitis, telangiectasia, hormonal dermatitis, skin atrophy, pigmentation and other side effects, and women may also have serious reactions such as increased hair. In addition, after using hormone drugs, it is easy to produce dependence or drug resistance, and may also lead to allergies, resulting in dry, rough, desquamation and even shallow cracks on the affected skin. Therefore, it is suggested that if the skin is only slightly itchy locally, some topical drugs (cod liver oil ointment) with moisturizing effect without hormones can be used. Urea ointment can be used). If it is severe itching and obvious large-area rash, or if the skin has dermatitis symptoms such as redness, ulcer and exudation, don't choose drugs for treatment without authorization. You should go to the hospital immediately and use topical and oral drugs under the guidance of a doctor to avoid further deterioration of your condition.