How to preserve the solar terms in winter?
Beginning of Winter
Every year165438+1October 7th or 8th is the beginning of the winter solar term. When the sun reaches 225, the northern hemisphere gets less and less solar radiation. At this time, the surface still stores some summer heat, so it is generally not too cold. When there is no wind on a sunny day, there is always warm and comfortable "Xiaoyangchun" weather, which is not only very pleasant, but also very beneficial to the growth of winter crops. But at this time, the cold air in the north also has a strong force, often invading the south frequently, and sometimes it will form a cold wave weather with strong winds, cooling rain and snow. Judging from the average situation for many years, 1 1 is the month with the most cold waves. Severe cooling, especially abnormal cold and warm weather, has a serious adverse impact on people's lives, health and agricultural production. It is very important to pay attention to the weather forecast and do a good job in human body protection and crop cold injury and freezing injury prevention in time according to the weather change.
Before and after winter, precipitation in most parts of China decreased significantly. Northeast China is frozen, and agricultural and forestry crops enter the wintering period; The "Sanqiu" in the Jianghuai area is coming to an end; Jiangnan is busy planting late-season winter wheat and transplanting rapeseed; On the other hand, South China is the best time to plant wheat in early winter. At this time, the water condition is closely related to the seedling growth and overwintering of crops. In North China and Huanghuai areas, when the average temperature of the day drops to about 4℃, and the soil in the field freezes at night and disappears during the day, we must seize the opportunity to water the winter water of wheat, vegetables and orchards, replenish soil moisture, improve the microclimate environment in the field, prevent "drought to help the cold" and reduce and avoid freezing injury. In Jiangnan and South China, it is an important measure to open the "high-yield ditch" in the field in time and do a good job in cleaning and drainage. In addition, after winter, the air is generally dry and the soil water content is reduced, so the fire prevention work in forest areas should be put on the important agenda.
After beginning of winter, the weather became cold. How to enhance the ability to resist the cold? Nothing more than increasing heat production and reducing heat dissipation in the body, and its methods are all related to food, clothing, housing and transportation. Adjusting diet and increasing calories is one of the ways. In a cold environment, eating some high-calorie food properly can promote the catabolism of sugar, fat and protein. At about 0℃, the speed of transforming sugar into fat increases, then subcutaneous fat increases and heat dissipation decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to eat more foods with cold-proof function, warm and recuperate, nourish the five internal organs, strengthen the body resistance, and promote the rise of yang in the body, thus warming the whole body tissue, promoting metabolism, and making.
Minor Snow
165438+ Every year1On October 22nd and 23rd, it is light snow when the sun reaches 240 degrees of the yellow longitude. Because of the cold weather, the form of precipitation changed from rain to snow, but at this time, because the amount of snow is not large, it is called light snow. With the coming of winter, the climate is getting colder and colder. Not only the dew on the ground turns into frost, but also the rain in the sky turns into snowflakes. After the snow fell, the earth was covered with white clothes. However, because the weather at this time is not too cold, the snow is often half frozen and half melted, or melts immediately after landing, which is called "wet snow" in meteorology; Sometimes rain and snow fall together, which is called "sleet"; Sometimes white ice particles as big as rice grains fall, which is called "rice snow".
Before and after the light snow, agricultural production in most areas of China began to enter winter management and farmland water conservancy capital construction. The north wind is blowing and snowflakes are floating, and the area north of the Yellow River has reached Mengdong. At this time, the first snow will appear in northern China. Although the amount of snow is limited, it reminds us that it is the season to keep out the cold and keep warm. Before and after the light snow solar terms, the weather is often cold and gloomy, and people's mood will also be affected by it, especially those friends who suffer from depression are more likely to aggravate their illness.
This season, we should eat warm and nourishing food. Warm tonic foods include mutton, beef, chicken, dog meat and velvet antler. Nutritive foods include cashew nuts, Euryale ferox, yam porridge, stewed chestnuts, stewed chicken with ginkgo, bone soup, walnuts and so on. In addition, eat more stews and black foods such as black fungus, black sesame seeds and black beans.
Major Snow
Every year on February 7th or 8th, 12, the sun reaches 255, which is heavy snow. Heavy snow means colder weather, and the possibility of snowfall is greater than that of light snow. This doesn't mean that there must be a lot of snowfall. On the contrary, after the heavy snow, the precipitation in various places has further decreased. The average precipitation in June 5438+February in Northeast China and North China is generally only a few millimeters, but less than 1 mm in Northwest China. When the size of snow is divided according to the snowfall, the snowfall is generally 5 ~10 mm.
People often say, "Snow is a good year." Snow covers the earth in severe winter, which can keep the temperature around the ground and crops from falling very low because of the cold current, and create a good wintering environment for winter crops. When the snow melts, it increases the soil water content, which can meet the needs of crop growth in spring. In addition, the content of nitride in snow water is five times that of ordinary rain water, which also has a certain effect on fertile fields.
Keep warm during heavy snow, and keep the room temperature at around 20℃. Use electric blankets, hot water bottles, etc. when sleeping. In bed, take part in more activities, such as walking and playing Tai Ji Chuan. You should eat more high-calorie food, but you shouldn't drink too much.
Winter solstice
Every year 65438+February 2 1 ~ 23 is the winter solstice, and the sun shines on the tropic of Capricorn. This day is the shortest day and the longest night in the northern hemisphere all year round. After the solstice of winter, the climate everywhere has entered the coldest stage, which is what people often say.
In agriculture, after the "winter solstice", we should concentrate on the construction of farmland water conservancy and accumulate fertilizer to prepare for the spring sowing in the coming year. Eliminate winter eggs in time. In southern China, high-quality fertilizers should be used to prevent frostbite. In winter, the nights are long and the temperature is low. To feed cattle, horses and other large livestock well, we should feed them one more night feed, so that they can often bask in the sun and enhance the cold resistance of farm animals.
When the temperature drops below 0℃, pay attention to cold and warmth. Clothes should be added in time. Clothes and trousers should be warm, soft and loose, and should not be worn too tightly to facilitate smooth blood flow. Adjust your diet and daily life reasonably, and don't drink, smoke or overwork. Keep a good mood, be stable and happy, and avoid anger, impatience and depression. Take proper exercise to keep out the cold, such as washing your face with cold water at ordinary times, to improve your adaptability and cold tolerance. Observe and pay attention to the changes of the disease at any time, go to the hospital for regular examination, take necessary drugs, control the development of the disease, and nip in the bud.
Minor Cold
Every year from June 5438 to1October 5-7, the sun is located at 285 degrees of the yellow meridian, which is slightly cold. For China, a slight cold marks the beginning of the coldest day of the year. According to China's meteorological data, slight cold is the lowest temperature solar term, and the temperature of great cold is lower than slight cold in only a few years.
At this time, the average temperature in Beijing is generally around -5℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is below-15℃. In the northeast, the average temperature at this time is around -30℃, the extreme minimum temperature can be as low as -50℃, and the average maximum temperature in the afternoon is only -20℃. It's a world of ice sculptures and jade carvings. Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, north of latitude 45, north of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the average temperature is around -20℃, and the west of Hetao near latitude 40 is around-10℃, which is a scene of severe winter. The average temperature along the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains is about 0℃, and there is no seasonal frozen soil in the south of this line, and there is no obvious wintering period for winter crops. At this time, the average temperature in the south of the Yangtze River is generally around 5℃. Although the field is still full of vitality, cold air sometimes goes south, causing certain harm.
Slight cold is the coldest time of the year, and it is a good opportunity for people to strengthen physical exercise and improve their physical fitness. Winter exercise, it is best to go to bed early and get up late, and the exercise time is best to start after sunrise and when the temperature is slightly higher. Due to the cold weather, the blood vessels on the body surface contract, the blood flow is slow, and the elasticity of ligaments and the flexibility of joints are reduced. Therefore, we should do enough warm-up activities before exercise and make full preparations to avoid muscle injury during exercise.
Major Cold
Every year around 65438+10.20, when the sun reaches 300, it is a severe cold. It is the last of the 24 solar terms in China. After the severe cold, a new year's solar cycle is ushered in. During the severe cold season, there is still less farm work in various places. Most people in the north are busy accumulating fertilizers and compost to prepare for spring, or strengthening the cold and antifreeze of livestock. In the southern region, the field management of wheat and other crops is still strengthened. There is a custom of catching voles in Lingnan area of Guangdong Province in combination with severe cold. Because the crops have been harvested at this time, the nests of voles that are usually invisible are exposed, and the great cold has become an important opportunity for Lingnan to focus on eliminating voles. In addition, the people of the whole country also use the change of cold climate to predict the rain and food abundance in the coming year, which is convenient for arranging farming as early as possible.
Although the weather is cold at this time, it will not be as cold as it is from heavy snow to winter solstice because it is near spring. At this time, people are busy throwing away old decorations, pickling new year's dishes and preparing new year's goods, because the Spring Festival, the most important festival for China people, is coming. During this period, northerners also have a very important day-Laba, the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. On this day, people cook a pot of sweet and delicious Laba porridge with whole grains, peanuts, chestnuts, red dates and lotus seeds, which is an indispensable staple food for Chinese New Year.
Due to the transition from the Great Cold to beginning of spring, cultured families have also adapted to the seasonal changes in diet. The amount of food supplemented by the Great Cold is gradually decreasing, and more food is supplemented to adapt to the rise of everything in spring.
Latitude and longitude of knowledge points
Latitude and longitude are the combination of longitude and latitude, forming a coordinate system, also called geographical coordinate system. It is an imaginary spherical coordinate system that people define the space on the earth with a sphere of three-dimensional space, and can mark any position on the earth.
Meridian, also known as meridian, is a semi-circular arc on the great circle connecting the north and south poles on the earth's surface. Any two meridians are equal in length and intersect at the North Pole and the South Pole. Each meridian has its corresponding numerical value, which is called longitude. The meridian represents the north-south direction. When different meridians have different places. The east is early and the west is late.
The latitude line is the trajectory formed by a point on the earth's surface with the rotation of the earth. Any latitude is round and parallel to each other. The length of latitude is the circumference of the equator multiplied by the cosine of latitude, so the longest latitude at the equator, the farther away from the equator, the shorter the circumference, and it will shrink to zero at the poles. Latitude indicates the east-west direction.