Why is Nurhaci the founder of the historical city of Shenyang?
Shenyang, before Nurhachi entered the city, was just a "castle". The city wall was 9 miles and 10 steps in circumference and 2 feet and 5 feet high. The city is centered around the central temple, which houses the garrison.
At noon on July 20, 1644, after a month of long journey, An Chonga and his bodyguards brought 16 Japanese including Tokugawa Keiko to Shenyang, the capital city. The Japanese stared wide-eyed at the majestic imperial city shrouded in purple air, and murmured in low voices.
Tokugawa Keiko later described it in her "Manchuria Drifting": "The capital of Manchuria is as big as Japan's two miles in radius, and the middle is where the emperor lives. Some are like Japanese palaces. There is a square garden in every corner of the city, and there are tall buildings in the shape of tic-shaped streets, which are government offices and palaces. They are a bit like Japanese temples, and they are quite grand. , red and green glazed tiles, colorful and dazzling. Their houses are very solid, have no floors, and are all paved with stone?"
Tokugawa Keiko. Curious and eager to learn, she opened her eyes like a primary school student and kept asking An Chong'a questions.
Tokugawa Keiko: "Master An, can you tell us the origin of this imperial city?" After hearing this request, An Chonga also felt that it was necessary to introduce his country to the guests. So, he readily agreed.
An Chong'a: "Well, this city was built in the 21st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. It was supervised by Min Zhong, the commander of the Liaodong Capital Envoy Department. The 'city' at that time was actually a 'castle' 'That's it, the city wall is 9 miles and 10 steps in circumference and 2 feet and 5 feet high. The city is centered on the central temple, and the garrison is inside. At that time, the purpose of building the city wall was mainly to defend against the Mongols in the north, and our Jurchen tribe. 55 years later, in the 22nd year of Jiajing, the Ming Dynasty began to expand Shen City, and the "Anding Gate" on the north side was renamed "Zhenbian Gate" to strengthen the military defense capability of the north gate. ”
Tokugawa Keiko: "Then what happened next? How did such a circle of walls become the current imperial city?"
Everyone was touched by An Chong Ajian. Interested, he slowed down his horse and told everyone the following story, which is the story of Nurhaci building Shenyang into an imperial capital -
On the morning of March 11th, the sixth year of Tianming, Taizu Ye Nurhachi led the army to attack the city of Shenyang. He built a wooden city on the north bank of the Qili River in the east of the city and settled down calmly. The all-powerful Khan looked leisurely at the mysterious city opposite. There are ten traps dug outside Shenyang City, with sharp wooden stakes inserted densely underneath. Behind the trap, four large trenches were dug. J cars are arranged along the inner trench. Each car is equipped with two large cannons and four small cannons. Five more cannons are installed between the two cars.
At this time, the lurking personnel in the city sent a secret report to Taizu. The secret report said that there were two general military officers, He Shixian and You Shigong, in the city, each with more than 10,000 soldiers. More than 10,000 soldiers from Sichuan and Zhejiang led by Liaoyang's generals Chen Ce and Dong Zhongkui were on the way to reinforce; General Li Bingcheng from Fengji Fort in the suburbs of Shenyang, and Zhu Wanliang and Jiang Bi, generals from the Shouwu Jingying Camp, also led 30,000 troops to help. It'll be there in the blink of an eye.
The Shenyang City of the Ming Army was absolutely impregnable. It should have been foolproof.
As for our great ancestor, he only has tired teachers who come from afar. With a mere force of less than 50,000, he dared to face off against more than 70,000 Ming troops attacking from both sides, "strengthening troops to attack far away" versus "waiting for work at ease". Who dares to do this? Our great ancestor dared. As of this year, Taizu has been fighting for 40 years. How many cities, big and small, have been captured, I'm afraid he himself can't even count them. He had been staring at Shenyang City for a long time. This time, his plan was clear. Taizu sat firmly outside the city and thought about it again before the war. He thought that if he relied solely on hard attacks, it would be difficult to capture.
After a long time, reinforcements from the Ming army arrived and they were about to be surrounded? Thinking of this, a clever plan came to mind, which was to lure the enemy out of the city. On March 12, Taizu sent dozens of cavalry to conduct reconnaissance, but they were pursued by the servants of the commander-in-chief You Shigong, and four of them died in the battle. The commander-in-chief He Shixian actually judged that our attack was weak, so he rashly changed his strategy of holding on. On the 13th, Taizu sent a few old and weak soldiers to challenge, showing his weakness. After He Shixian got drunk, he led more than a thousand soldiers out of the city and shouted, "Return after all the enemies have been defeated."
Grandfather Taizu smiled slightly and said in his heart, boy, you can’t go back.
So, he put away his smile and ordered the army to fake defeat again. He Shixian entered the ambush circle. Our cavalry surrounded the Ming soldiers and killed them bravely, defeating the Ming soldiers. He Shixian was hit by four arrows. He retreated while fighting and reached the city gate. However, the rope of the suspension bridge had been cut off by the sergeants Taizu sent to the city to feign surrender a few months ago. At this time, our Eight Banners soldiers came after us, and some people started to let go. He Shixian was hit by an arrow and fell from his horse and died. You Shigong, who came to rescue, was also hit by an arrow and died.
At this time, the four generals of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Ce, Dong Zhongkui, Zhu Wanliang, and Jiang Bi, came with their troops, and Taizu defeated them one by one. In one day, he commanded 50,000 bannermen and fought four fierce battles, annihilating all the more than 70,000 Ming troops. In this way, Shenyang was captured.
Then Taizu personally unified the Eight Banners Army and captured Liaoyang, the military and political center of the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong.
This miraculous siege made everyone listen with gusto. And An Chong'a's rich narrative voice gave Miss Tokugawa Keiko an extra layer of sweetness in her heart. She never expected that Baturu, who could shoot tigers and dare to chop up sharks, could tell stories so beautifully. < /p>
Tokugawa Keiko: "This is a bit strange. Isn't this too hasty? And doesn't the newly built capital in Liaoyang also waste the country's financial resources?"
An Chong'a: "No, that's not the case. This is the embodiment of our Taizu's great talent and generosity. Our first capital city, Hetuala, is protected by mountains and flows by rivers. It is also a geomantic treasure land. Taizu is there. Our Later Jin Kingdom was established. However, on the day when Liaoyang was conquered in March of the sixth year of Tianming, some people opposed it. The Taizi River served as a barrier to prevent the Ming army from attacking eastward. It had just entered the city and had to build a new city to gain a foothold.
In addition, it allowed the Manchus to gather together so that they could maintain their independence and not be subject to the enjoyment of the Han people. The influence of the atmosphere eventually led to the loss of the vitality and fighting spirit of the Manchus. He persuaded the princes and ministers to move the capital to Shenyang.
Tokugawa Keiko: " So, what exactly did Taizu see in Shenyang? ”
Kunida felt a little unhappy when she kept repeating the word “Taizu”. He thought Tokugawa Keiko’s words were disloyal to the emperor. Nakajima couldn’t accept her either. Tokugawa Keiko noticed the unhappiness on their faces and ignored them, only listening to what An Chonga said. p>
An Chong'a: "On the third day of the third month of the tenth year of Tianming's reign, Taizu summoned all the kings, Beile, and ministers to discuss matters. He proposed to move the capital to Shenyang. This decision was beyond everyone's expectation. The prince and ministers of Baylor expressed strong opposition, but Grandfather Taizu remained unmoved. Twenty years have passed, and there is a saying among the people that Taizu decided to move the capital because he believed the words of a Feng Shui master. "
Gong Qi's eyes lit up after hearing these words.
Gong Qi: "Mr. Feng Shui? ”
An Chong’a: “Yes, this Feng Shui master said, King Khan, you will build the Niangniang Temple in the southwest corner of Tokyo City, the Amitabha Temple in the east gate, and the Thousand Buddha Temple at the foot of Fengling Mountain. I understand your thoughts. You want to use these three temples to suppress the dragon to protect your dragon-veined kingly aura. However, the three temples only suppressed the dragon's head, claws and tail, but the dragon's spine in the city was not suppressed. If one day, the dragon arches its waist, it will fly away and fly north to the north bank of the Hun River. At that point, you have no control.
After hearing these words, King Han thought that Long was following the will of heaven, suggesting that he build a city in the land where Long Qian was hiding. In this case, he chose Shenyang, a city north of the Hun River. Later, it was named "Fengtian".
Kunida: "Did your great-grandfather move the capital because he believed in Mr. Feng Shui's words?"
Kunida said "your great-grandfather" , he himself believed that this was loyalty to his emperor. After he finished speaking, he looked specifically at Tokugawa Keiko. Nakajima cast an admiring look at him, but Tokugawa Keiko did not take it seriously.
An Chong'a: "There must be some reasons for Feng Shui. However, I read the record of Taizu's speech at that time. He said that Shenyang is a beautiful place, and the Western Expedition to the Ming Dynasty was crossed by Du'erbi. The road to the Liaohe River is straight and close; the northern expedition to Mongolia can be reached in two or three days; the southern expedition to Korea can be entered via the Qinghe River and the upper reaches of the Hun River and Suksu River can be cut down, and the wood used for running the palace can be used downstream. It seems that he still considered it from the perspective of military strategy. He decided to set off on the morning of the third day of March in the tenth year of Tianming. In the afternoon, more than 100,000 Eight Banners troops set off and arrived at Hupi at the junction of Shenyang and Liaoyang. Post.
On the early morning of the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, Taizu crossed the Hun River and entered Shenyang.
Tokugawa Keiko: "Did Taizu build this imperial city when he arrived in Shenyang? "
An Chong'a: "After Taizu entered Shenyang, he did not immediately start building a palace. He just built a simple palace in the city against the nine gates according to the style of our Manchu architecture. As the palace of residence, the Dazheng Palace and the Pavilion of Ten Kings were built. The expansion of this palace took five years after Emperor Taizong succeeded to the throne, from the first year of Tiancong to the fifth year of Tiancong. He built a new city on the basis of the original city wall, thickening, heightening and strengthening the city wall. The four gates of the Ming Dynasty were changed to eight gates, each of the Eight Banners troops guarded one gate, and the city's thoroughfare was changed from the cross street in the Ming Dynasty to the tic-tac-toe street.
Dazhong Palace was newly built in the palace, including Daqing Gate, Chongzheng Hall, Phoenix Tower, Qingning Palace, Guanju Palace, Yanqing Palace and Yongfu Palace. Outside the palace, there are also the Khan's Palace, 11 palaces, six government offices, temples, etc. In this way, there is a round palace outside Shenyang City, four pagodas and temples on all sides, and a pattern of eight radial streets between the square city and the round palace. The whole city is like a wheel. The square shape of the inner city is what a Han city looks like, while the round shape of the outer city is more representative of the architectural form of a gathering place for Manchus. The combination of the inner and outer city symbolizes that the two ethnic groups, Manchu and Han, have become good brothers.
Outside of the book, if Nurhachi had not decisively moved the capital that day, then Shenyang today would at most be a district in Fushun, and its name would probably be Shenyang District.