Planting yam in several different ways.
First, the preparation before planting
1. Choose sandy loam plot with deep and fertile soil layer and underground water level below 1 m to plant yam.
2. Choose the right variety. Select long cylindrical yam varieties with high yield and disease resistance, excellent appearance and epidermis characteristics, and tuber length greater than 1 m. Commonly used varieties are: fine wool long yam, Jiaxiang long yam, Peixian long yam, etc.
3. Select a hard plastic pipe with an inner diameter of 6 ~ 7cm to process the plastic sleeve, saw out the length of 1m with a hand saw, cut the pipe into two halves with a knife, and then obliquely cut the end of the plastic pipe into a tangential port at a distance of 20cm from the port, and cut the port into a semicircle. From the other end of the plastic pipe to the middle part, drill holes with hand drill or electric drill, with an aperture of 1cm and a spacing of 3cm, with 6 holes in each row, totaling 4 rows. The plastic sleeve processed in this way can be used for 6 ~ 8 years.
4. Trenching and casing burying Generally, after the soil is thawed in April, yam ditches with a width of 30 ~ 40 cm, a depth of 50 ~ 60 cm and a spacing of 60 cm are dug. During excavation, soil shall be taken in layers for backfilling. Fill the bottom of the ditch, evenly place plastic sleeves at the interval of 30cm, so that one end of the incision is upward, and then backfill the soil layer with a thickness of 15cm, with a stable edge, and arrange the plastic sleeves in a row at an angle of 60, with the upper ends flush and higher than the ground 10cm. Then backfill the soil layer 10 ~ 15 cm, and fill half of the mature soil after compaction? Don't step on it After that, 4000 kilograms of fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer was applied every 667 m2, and the applied organic fertilizer was evenly mixed with the soil, and the yam ditch was filled with cooked soil.
5. Mark the whole border. Make a flat border for every two rows of yam, with the border width of1.4 ~1.5m. Before border preparation, apply 2000 kg of fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer every 667 m2, and level the border surface after deep ploughing. Mark rows of plastic sleeves at both ends of the frame so that you can find them when sowing.
2. Prepare potato seeds
1. Preparation of yam seed potato: firstly, yam bean is used to prepare seed potato once, and then yam segments are used as seed potato for about 3 years, which can effectively prevent yam seed potato from degradation.
2. yam bean harvested in autumn? Air terrier? Sow at a spacing of 3 cm, and the yam tuber with a length of 20 ~ 30 cm can be harvested in the autumn of the following year, and the whole tuber can be used as seed potato.
3. The yam segment is a segment with buds at the top of the yam tuber. It was cut from the tuber when the yam was harvested. It is 20 centimeters long and weighs about 50 grams. Sun-dried before sowing to heal the wound, and then stored in layers, and pay attention to antifreeze when storing.
Third, timely sowing.
1, seed selection requires bright color, full terminal buds, thick tubers, sparse tumor bodies, few roots, no diseases and insect pests, no rot, no freezing, and the weight is about 150g. The diameter of yam segment is required to be greater than 3 cm and the length is 15 ~ 20 cm.
2. 15 ~ 20 days before accelerating germination, take out the stored Chinese yam slices in layers, and put them in an environment of 25 ~ 28℃ to cultivate sand for 3 ~ 5 cm to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, you can use a sunny bed or a small arch shed, and always seal and keep warm. When the tender buds of yam emerge from the sand, they can be planted.
3. The sowing date of yam is not frost-tolerant, and the sowing date should be after the final frost. Shandong usually sows in the middle and late April.
4. When sowing, first ditch along the marking line with a hoe with a depth of 8 ~ 10 cm, so as to find the plastic cover, then put the seed potato horizontally above the cut of the plastic cover, and then water it. After water seepage, cover the seed potato with wet soil, then cover it with a layer of dry soil, and then cover the planting ditch with dry soil.
Four, the management points after planting
L, intertillage can not only keep the soil moisture, but also increase the ground temperature and promote the unearthed yam. After sowing, timely intertillage 1 ~ 2 times. In order to prevent weeds from growing after excavation, shallow intertillage is needed for 2 ~ 3 times. During intertillage, the place near yam should be shallow and the place far away from yam should be deep. With the growth of yam, intertillage should stay away from yam.
2. Scaffolding When the stems and vines of yam grow to 30 cm long, a herringbone scaffold should be set up, 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters high and firm to prevent it from being blown down by the wind. It is necessary to lead the vines to the shelves in time, generally without removing the side branches, but it is necessary to remove the overground stems that are not used for seed retention in time, because too many overground stems will affect the expansion of yam tubers.
3. Watering When the stems and vines of yam grow to about 1 m, water them for the first time. This watering should not be too early, otherwise it will delay the growth of roots. The amount of water should be small and should not be flooded. Water for the second time after 7 ~ 10, and the watering amount can be larger. Keep the soil dry and moist after watering. When the main vine grows to the top of the frame and the lateral branches begin to appear at the bottom of the plant, keep the soil moist.
4. Topdressing is generally the first topdressing at the second or third watering, with topdressing urea 10 kg per 667 m2. When yam bean began to expand, it was topdressing for the second time, with 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer every 667 meters. When growing in yam bean, some yam bean began to shed, which was the third topdressing, with 20 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per 667 m2.
5. The main diseases of Chinese yam are anthracnose, leaf spot, stem rot and root-knot nematode. 70% mancozeb 600 times solution and 80% anthrax thiram 500 times solution can be used to control anthracnose and leaf spot; Root irrigation with 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution to control stem rot; When controlling root-knot nematodiasis, 30% captan can be used, the dosage is 65438 0 kg/667 m2, and it can be mixed with soil for disinfection before sowing. The main pests are Pieris rapae and Lepidoptera. 90% trichlorfon was sprayed with 1000 times solution to control Pieris rapae, and 800 times solution phoxim was used to control Lepidoptera Pieris rapae.
Fifth, timely harvest
In the late June of 65438+ 10, the aboveground stems and leaves were harvested when they died. When harvesting, firstly remove the bracket and vine, dig up the soil from one side of the yam ditch until the plastic sleeve is completely exposed, remove the yam together with the plastic sleeve, and open the plastic sleeve to take out the yam.
1. Select excellent varieties to produce high-quality yam. Zhenping yam, Niutui yam, Agricultural University long yam 1, Agricultural University Flat yam 1, Agricultural University frameless yam, Japanese white yam, pastoral yam and Huazi yam should be selected.
2. When planting yam in fertile land, sandy loam or light loam with convenient irrigation and drainage should be selected, avoiding saline-alkali land and clay land. The soil structure should be uniform, and at least there should be no interlayer such as clay, soil and sand in 1- 1.2m soil layer. Otherwise, it will affect the appearance and quality of tuber. Continuous cropping of yam is extremely taboo, especially sowing in furrow and ridge, which is easy to cause serious diseases and yield reduction due to imbalance of soil nutrients. According to the investigation, the yield of continuous cropping decreased by more than 30% in two years and by 40% ~ 50% in three years.
3. Fertilize and dig ditches, and turn the soil 35-45cm deep. When digging deeply, first turn the topsoil over 20-30cm to one side, and then continue to dig to 35-45cm. It is forbidden to dig the soil. After the land is deeply ploughed, a cultivation ditch is formed, and base fertilizer can be applied in the cultivation ditch. 50 kg of superphosphate, 5,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 200-300 kg of plant ash and 50 kg of potassium sulfate were applied as base fertilizer. When fertilizing, the original topsoil can be filled at the bottom of the planting ditch with a thickness of 15cm, then the base fertilizer is applied on the soil layer, and finally the soil is covered with 15cm.
4. Seedling preparation. There are three ways to prepare seedlings: one is to use yam seeds and take tuber bud segments, which are about 20-40 cm long; Secondly, the tuber is cut into segments by 8- 10 cm with yam segments; The third is to use yam. Using yam tubers as seedlings is an advanced cultivation method, which can not only solve the problems of insufficient number and high yield of yam tubers, but also prevent varieties from degradation. Chinese yam is cut into pieces and planted at the same time, and a layer of plant ash and lime is pasted on the cuts at both ends to reduce the infection of germs, or it is soaked in 300 times of carbendazim solution 1-2 min, dried and then sown.
5. Planting method: The planting of yam varies according to the local climatic conditions. Generally, the surface temperature of 5cm is required to be stable, exceeding 9- 10℃. Conditions can also be covered with plastic film. The general method is as follows: after the yam ditch is flooded, put the seedlings horizontally in the center of the deep border with a distance of about 25cm and a density of 4000-4500 plants per mu.
First, choose good varieties.
A new variety with high yield and disease resistance (the bottom of tuber is blunt and round, and the stem is short), Japan Changyou 1 with sparse stomata, and the small tuber harvested in autumn and winter is the field seed of next year.
1, scientific location layout
The establishment of disease-free breeding farm is the premise of controlling short-body nematode disease. Yam is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and its tubers are buried deeply. Therefore, continuous cropping yam should be planted in 1 year, and sandy loam with high and dry terrain, complete water system and fertile and loose soil should be selected. Clay, saline-alkali land and wet areas with poor drainage and high groundwater level are not suitable for planting, and sick and disabled people should be prevented from entering the fields. Deep tillage 1 time before winter and early spring respectively, and the suitable depth is usually 0.7-1m. The second time and every year after that, only fertilization 1 time is needed, and the appropriate depth is 40cm. Where conditions permit, it is best to dig deep with a trencher. Freezing in winter and drying in spring make the soil mature and fertile. If the depth turns shallow or there is a hard gap, the underground tuber is difficult to extend downward, which is easy to form deformity and reduce the commodity value. Usually the width of the border is 3-4 cm, and the border should be deep and high.
Third, double-film heat preservation and germination acceleration.
Yam is warm and cold-tolerant, and its seedlings begin to germinate at about 10℃. Using double-film insulation to accelerate germination in early spring can advance the growth period and be beneficial to early maturity and high yield. Generally, at the end of February and the beginning of March, disease-free small tubers are selected and cut into 5-6 cm segments, each segment is 30-35 g or the length of yam seedlings 15cm. The seedlings were soaked in warm water at 50-55℃ for 65,438+00 minutes and treated with 65,438+0,000 times of methyl isofenphos. Then dip the incision in lime powder and air it for 2-3 days. After the incision healed, the bed was built in a place with high and dry terrain, leeward and sunny, and no pollution source of short-body nematode disease. Adhere to the seed stage first and then the "dragon head", and accelerate the germination in a good direction. Generally, 4-5 layers are planted under each bed, one layer of seedlings and one layer of wet fine sand. After laying the plastic film, cover it. When the bud germinates about 65438±0cm, it can be planted in the ditched land with a fixed distance and direction.
4. Fine transplanting at the right time.
When the ground temperature of 5cm soil layer stably passes 9- 10℃, it should be transplanted in sunny days (the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins can be transplanted in early April, and the northern part can be postponed appropriately). Lead wire should be ditched in ditching ditch with a depth of 8- 10 cm before transplanting, and the plant spacing: Japanese Changyou 1 is 40cmx55cm, and it is suitable to plant 3000-3500 plants per 667 square meters; The local variety is 32cmx40cm, and it is appropriate to plant 4500-5500 plants per 667 square meters. Usually it can germinate 25 days after planting, and it takes 40-50 days for the ungerminated ones.
Fifth, pay attention to chemical removal before seedling.
Generally, it enters the rainy season at the end of June or early July, and weeds breed, which seriously affects the growth of seedlings. Therefore, in areas with serious grass damage, 50kg of 48% trifluralin EC 150-200 ml can be evenly mixed with water and sprayed on the ground before sowing under the condition of good soil moisture after rain. In the middle and late growth period, intertillage combined with manual weeding to avoid grass shortage.
Six, scientific operation of fertilizer and water
Yam is a fertilizer-tolerant crop, and organic fertilizer should be the main planting method. Generally, after ditching 1 time with a ditcher (manually), apply decomposed cake fertilizer 150kg every 667m2, 5000kg of high-quality decomposed human and animal manure (without pollution source of short-body nematode disease), 25kg of potassium sulfate and high-quality ternary compound fertilizer 100kg, evenly spread on the ground, and lightly turn into the soil for 2-00kg. After all the seedlings are planted, loosen the soil before and after seedling establishment, apply high-quality decomposed fertilizer 800 kg /667 m2 as topdressing, and then water thoroughly. Before and after "light summer", 2000 kg /667 square meters of human and animal manure and 20 kg /667 square meters of potassium sulfate can be applied in the first crop to promote tuber growth. Before beginning of autumn, combined with foliar spraying 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times to promote underground tuber expansion. In case of drought during tuber expansion, it can be combined with covering wheat bran and grass, watering frequently to keep moisture (to avoid flooding), and timely draining in rainy season to reduce moisture and prevent waterlogging.
Seven, elevated vine management
Yam is a short-day crop, which needs strong light to accumulate nutrients. The stems and vines on the ground are about 3cm long. Generally, when the vines grow to 20cm, that is, 10- 15 days after emergence, branches and sticks over 2m are selected to set up herringbone brackets in time, and a bunch is arranged every three times to guide the vines to climb upwards. If possible, insert 1 3m support in each beam frame, and tie and reinforce it to avoid lodging.
Eight, due to moderate chemical regulation of seedlings
In order to effectively inhibit overgrowth of aboveground parts and rationally regulate the distribution and movement of photosynthetic products in plants, 200x 10 (negative 6th power) paclobutrazol should be used when vines climb to the top of the frame, 50-60g of 15% wettable powder should be used every 667m2, and 50kg of water should be sprayed evenly on the growing points of plants in sunny days. If the plants grow too vigorously, spray 1 time every 7- 10 days for 2-3 times continuously. Don't spray repeatedly. Do not give it to people with poor growth, so as to avoid excessive inhibition of nutrients and affect normal growth.
Nine, strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases
Short-body nematode disease of yam (mainly seedlings, especially leading plants, spread through soil) often occurs seriously in continuous cropping and rainy years. According to the experiment, chemical treatment before transplanting is another important way to control the harm of continuous cropping yam. The seedlings used in the new area have been treated with chemicals. Before planting, soak in 600 times of 40% methyl isofenphos solution for 48 hours. Even after continuous cropping for 4-5 years, the disease still does not occur or rarely occurs. Spray 1 0 every 7-/0/0 days in rainy season1800 7- 10/000 times 50% bactericide or 50% erysipelas for 2-3 times. Combined with reducing humidity, anthracnose and brown spot can be prevented and controlled in time.
Ten, timely and careful harvest
The first frost can be harvested before the next year's germination. Because of its simplified cultivation, there is no need to dig deep every year, and attention should be paid to mashing deep soil when harvesting.
Yam seedlings overwinter in the kiln in mid-June at 5438+065438+ 10. Remove the damaged ones before storage, dip the roots with 50% carbendazim solution which is 100 times, dry them in the air, store them in a small amount of sand, and control the room temperature above 0℃ to protect the seedlings from freezing and overwintering.
Yam likes to grow on sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil layer and good drainage. It is not strict with climate conditions, but it is better to have a warm and humid climate. The aboveground part will die after frost, and the underground part is not frost-resistant, and the growth temperature is 20~30℃. Yam seeds are not easy to germinate and have strong asexual reproduction ability. They can be propagated through reed heads and small bulbs, and the production cycle is L-2 years. 1. Land selection and preparation. Choose Xiangyang plot, which is suitable for sandy loam with flat terrain, loose and fertile soil and good drainage, and not suitable for planting on low-lying and waterlogged land. After land selection, after autumn, the soil is deeply ploughed 1 time, with a depth of 60 cm, and 3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied per mu, and then deeply ploughed 1 time, so that the soil is loose and uniform, and the ridge width is about cm, and the ridges on both sides are about 1 meter. 2. The breeding method is to breed with small bulbs and reed heads. Bulbs are mainly used to raise seedlings, and reed heads are usually used to produce yam. Continuous planting of reed heads is easy to cause degradation, and it can be improved with small beads, which are generally updated every 2-3 years 1 time. Excellent varieties include Tiebang Yam and Taigu Yam. (l) Propagation of pearl buds: when the plant withers, picking pearl buds (Reiyoshi), selecting large and full seeds without plant diseases and insect pests, putting them into indoor sand storage or outdoor wintering, sowing in March-April, ditching, sowing 2-3 seeds per 10cm, and watering after autumn. (2) Propagation of reed head: when picking yam, select thick rhizome without plant diseases and insect pests, cut it at the reed head about 10 cm, coat the cut with plant ash, dry it in a ventilated place, and store it in sand at about 5℃ indoors. During border planting, the reed head should be ditched according to the row spacing of 30-45cm, the ditch depth 15cm, the ditch width 15cm and the plant spacing 15cm. Reed heads can also be placed horizontally in the ditch, or arranged in two rows in zigzag in each ditch, and the reed heads are planted on both sides of the middle line of the ditch with a spacing of 3cm. After planting, cover the soil slightly. 3. Field management (L) Erect yam is a twining plant, which should stand upright during the growing period. When the seedlings grow to 20-30 cm high, they can stand up. Materials can be made from local materials, wood strips and bamboo strips can be used. Scaffolding should be firm, about 2 meters high. (2) Too much moisture during the watering growth period is easy to cause root bifurcation, so pay attention to drainage in rainy season, water in time in high temperature and dry season, and it is advisable to water in the morning and evening, and the watering depth should not exceed the root growth depth, so as not to crack the soil. (3) After Xin Wei comes out, intertillage should be combined with timely thinning, and at the same time, attention should be paid to picking reed head buds. It is advisable to leave L-2 robust buds for each plant, and all other stems and leaves should be removed. (4) Topdressing: In addition to applying base fertilizer, topdressing is performed 2-3 times in the growth period, 65,438+0 times in the vertical period, and 65,438+0 times in the late August, with human manure or cake fertilizer as furrow application. 4. Pest control (l) Anthracnose damages stems and leaves, and the damaged stems and leaves produce brown concave spots with irregular rings and small black spots, which is serious in rainy season. Control methods: ① Soak the seeds with 1: 1: 150 times of bordeaux solution 10 minute before sowing; (2) spraying 800- 1000 times of 50% wettable powder for 7 days for 2-3 times; ③ Do a good job of cleaning the site to prevent the spread of pathogens. (2) Brown spot is harmful to leaves, which is irregular, brown and scattered with black spots, and the rainy season is serious. Prevention and treatment methods: ① Remove diseased leaves and burn them. ② Spray 1: 1: 120 bordeaux solution or 200 times of 50% dinitrate powder every 7 days, 2-3 times in a row. (3) With grubs, cutworms and other pests, 90% trichlorfon can be made into 1: 100 times liquid or 50% phoxim mixed with 5 kg fresh grass can be made into poison bait for trapping and killing. (4) Harvesting and processing in late June, 10, when the seedlings above the ground become Huang Shi, they can be excavated. First, the pearl buds are harvested, and then the brackets and vines are removed for excavation. Make it complete, plant the reed head, wash the lower root, scrape off the skin with a bamboo knife, and put it in into the pit to smoke with sulfur 12-24 hours. After the yam becomes soft, take it out to dry or dry, and store it in a dry place.
Yam is a perennial herb perennial vine with rich nutrition. It is not only a good nutritional tonic, but also a good vegetable product. The cultivation techniques of yam mainly include the following points:
First, soil preparation
Yam is a shallow-rooted crop with a long growing period and one crop a year. Generally, it is planted in the field when the ground temperature reaches 10℃ in spring. Yam planting should choose sandy loam or light loam with high and dry terrain, good drainage and deep and soft soil layer. The soil is consistent from top to bottom, and the soil is slightly acidic to neutral. Yam is not suitable for continuous cropping, and it should be rotated every 2-3 years 1 time.
When digging the cultivation ditch, the ditch distance is about 1 m, the depth is 0.6 ~ 1.0 m and the width is 25 cm. When digging ditches, the topsoil and subsoil are stacked separately, so that the soil is fully weathered. After the soil thaws in spring, fill the subsoil in the ditch first, and then fill the topsoil to avoid disturbing the soil layer. Combined with filling, soil miscellaneous fertilizer1000-1500kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg-70kg, ammonium bicarbonate 25kg-30kg and potassium sulfate 25kg-30kg are applied. Do not apply a large amount of immature organic fertilizer to prevent root burning and tuber branching.
Second, seed block treatment
20-25 days before planting, the hard rhizomes at the top of the disease-free blocks that meet the characteristics of the planted varieties are selected as seeds, one end of the rhizomes is immersed in hydrated lime powder, and then exposed to the sun for several days to disinfect and promote germination. In order to increase the propagation coefficient, it is necessary to cut off the root tuber for propagation. That is to say, select a thin root with a length of about 1m and a transverse diameter of 2.4-4.5cm, cut it into several sections with a length of 15-20cm, mark the upper and lower ends with wool, then dip each section in lime and dry it horizontally in the sun until there are fine cracks at the end of the section. When the seeds are dry, handle them carefully to prevent scratches. At the same time, we should do a good job in wind, rain and freezing.
Third, planting
After the yam cultivation ditch was filled with soil fertilizer, it was made into a flat bed with a width of about 1 m. When planting, open a planting ditch with a depth of about 10 cm in the middle of the flat border, and then water it. When water permeates, plant yam seeds in a single row in the ditch according to the plant spacing of1.5 ~ 20cm, and plant about-4,000 plants per mu. Cover the soil with 8 ~ 10 cm, and then cover it with plastic film to keep moisture and increase temperature and promote seedling emergence. If yam bean is used to propagate Chinese yam seeds, two rows can be planted in one bed to improve the propagation coefficient. The row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the plant spacing is about 10 cm. Plant about 12000 plants per mu.
Fourth, post-planting management.
The stems and leaves of yam like high temperature and dry environment, and are not resistant to frost. The average daily temperature of root tuber began to germinate above 65438 00℃, and the suitable temperature for germination was about 25℃. The optimum temperature for stem and leaf growth is 25℃-28℃, and the fastest temperature for tuber expansion is 20℃-24℃. Yam can not emerge until 35 days after planting.
1. Vertical vine: The stems on the ground of yam are tender, so the vines should be supported in time after emergence. According to the right-handed characteristics of yam stems, the tendrils spiral upward, and the height of the frame is about 1 m. If there are too many lateral branches at the base of the main vine, they can also be removed appropriately to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. When a large number of "yam bean" are formed in the axils of leaves, a part can be removed as soon as possible to save nutrition.
2. Tillage and soil cultivation: In the early stage of growth, intertillage weeding was used in Qin Ying, generally half a month 1 time, until the stems and vines grow to half a shelf, and then weeds were pulled out. It is necessary to dig out part of the soil between the rows outside the frame and fill it in the rows inside the frame, so that high ridges are formed inside the frame, and furrows with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 30 cm are formed between the rows outside the frame, which is convenient for drainage in rainy season.
3. Timely chemical control: Paclobutrazol can obviously inhibit the growth of aerial parts of Chinese yam, and can inhibit the occurrence of laiji, so that the yield of Chinese yam can be increased by more than 10%. The best time to spray paclobutrazol is when the vines of yam are full. When the bud first blooms, 60-70g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder per mu is mixed with 50kg of water and sprayed evenly. Weedy fields can be sprayed twice every 7- 10 days.
4. Rational topdressing: topdressing L times when the stems and vines are on the first half of the frame, and topdressing 25-35 kilograms of high-concentration compound fertilizer per mu. Or 20 ~ 30 cm away from the plant, furrowing and applying 500 ~ 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer. Water after fertilization. In the future, when the stems and vines are full, if there is yellow and thin phenomenon, urea 10kg/ mu can be topdressing. Combined with disease prevention and insect prevention in the late growth stage, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the roots for 2-3 times to protect the leaves and prevent aging.
5. Combination of irrigation and drainage: Yam is a drought-tolerant crop, but it should be watered properly if it is to achieve high yield. Generally, before and after 1 topdressing, if the soil turns white after a long drought, it should be lightly watered 1-2 times until the soil surface is wet. At the turn of summer and autumn, if the dry and hot weather lasts for more than 1 week, cold water should be poured in the morning to fight drought. Yam is more afraid of waterlogging, so it is necessary to clear the ditch and drain in time in rainy season to ensure that there is no water in the field.
Step 4 harvest at the right time
After the first frost, the stems and leaves on the ground gradually turn yellow, and the underground tubers enter a dormant state, which can be harvested, sold or stored in a vegetable cellar. You can also cultivate soil on the planting bed to prevent freezing and keep it in the field when you use it.