A guide to the Temple of Heaven in Beijing is urgently needed! Satisfied reward 20

Tourist guide to the Temple of Heaven in Beijing:

1. Introduction to the Temple of Heaven

(1) Involved content

1. The Temple of Heaven is “the best in the world” ” Determinant

2. The construction time of the Temple of Heaven

3. The location of the Temple of Heaven

4. Overview of the garden

5. History History

(2) Introduction location: In front of the introduction sign inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven

(3) Guide words

Dear friends, now we have come to the Temple of Heaven. First of all Let me give you a brief introduction. The Temple of Heaven is the largest existing ancient royal sacrificial building complex in the world. It was the place where emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties worshiped heaven, prayed for grain, and prayed for rain. The Temple of Heaven was completed in 1420 AD and is located in the Forbidden City. To the southeast, the entire park covers an area of ​​273 hectares, which is four times the area of ​​the Forbidden City. There are three groups of very important buildings on the central axis. From south to north are the Circular Mound Altar, the Imperial Vault and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests. In addition, there are buildings such as the Zhai Palace on the west side of the garden. The whole garden is planted with ancient pines and is solemn and solemn. It is an ideal place for worship.

In the Ming Dynasty, when the Temple of Heaven was first built, the combined sacrifice of heaven and earth was implemented, not only offering sacrifices to heaven, but also to offering sacrifices to earth. The location was on the altar of prayer for grains where the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is located today. Later, an earth altar was built in the north of the capital to offer sacrifices to the earth, and a circular mound altar and an imperial vault were built to the south of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests to offer sacrifices to the heavens, thus forming today's layout and scale. In 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing, and the Temple of Heaven was not spared. The invaders ran amuck here, stole and destroyed countless precious cultural relics, and committed unforgivable crimes.

The last person to worship heaven here was the thief Yuan Shikai, but heaven did not follow his wishes. Yuan only served as emperor for 83 days and died. After liberation, the state allocated funds to rebuild the Temple of Heaven many times, but it was no longer to worship heaven, but to leave a legacy to the world.

In 1998, the Temple of Heaven was listed as a human heritage by UNESCO. good! Now I will show you around.

2. Circular Mound Altar

(1) Involved content

1. The function of the Circular Mound Altar

2. Construction time and Location

3. Architectural features

4. Surrounding furnishings

5. Tianxin Stone

(2) Introduction location: Yuanqiu Southeast corner inside the altar gate

(3) Guide words

Everyone! Now we have come to the Yuanqiu Altar Scenic Area. In fact, it is the real "Temple of Heaven" because this is the platform where the emperor used to worship the sky during the winter solstice. The Circular Qiu Altar was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, that is, in 1530 AD. It is located at the southern end of the entire courtyard. Let me first introduce to you the furnishings in the Circular Qiu Altar courtyard. Look to the west. There is a very tall wooden pole there. It is called a light pole and is used to hang lanterns when worshiping the sky. You may want to ask: What kind of lanterns should be hung to worship heaven? Of course I have to hang up! Because the time to worship the sky was not during the day, but seven quarters before sunrise, that is, a quarter past four in the morning. Think about it, on a dark winter night, when the people are sleeping soundly in their beds, it is really hard work for the emperor to come to worship the sky. Hanging up a lantern to illuminate it is not too much, right? However, the emperor's illumination is extraordinary, and it must be "auspicious lamp shining high". So now, please guess how high this light pole is? Now let me announce the correct answer: The height of the light pole is nine feet, nine feet and nine inches. Why not add some more to make up 10 feet? There must be a reason, yes, please guess it first, and I will tell you later. Not only is the lamp pole unusual, but the lantern is also unusual. It’s two meters high and two meters six in diameter. It’s quite impressive! But the most extraordinary thing is the Panlong Tongxiao wax in the lantern, which is one meter and three meters long and thirty centimeters in diameter. It can burn continuously for 12 hours without cutting the wax flowers or leaking wax oil. The emperor's special treasure wax for offering sacrifices to heaven.

Look at the green building to the east. Its name is the burnt wood stove. It is the place where blessing boards and sacrifices are burned after the heaven-sacrifice ceremony.

This is an iron furnace. During the ceremony, pine poles, cypresses, and some sandalwood were burned in the furnace. For a while, the fire was soaring into the sky and the smoke was swirling. It brought a touch of warmth, and it really served multiple purposes!

Now, back to the topic, let me introduce to you the Circle Qiu Altar. It is a three-story circular stone platform. Why is the rooftop altar designed to be circular? Because people in ancient times believed that the sky was round and the earth was square, since it was a sacrifice platform, it was naturally designed to be circular. Ordinary people think that this rooftop sacrificial platform is made of marble, but the designers used the number "nine" to build this mysterious rooftop sacrificial platform. Now let's look for those mysterious "nine" and see where they are hidden. .

(Approaching the Circular Qiu Altar, in front of the Circular Qiu Altar)

Hearing is deceptive, seeing is believing, here we might as well have a step-by-step approach, please everyone While climbing this set of steps, count how many steps there are in this set of steps (from the ground floor to the middle floor, because there are few people here and the area is large) one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine , exactly level nine (bringing guests to the east side of the bottom platform). There are two sets of steps going up, each set also has nine levels. The entire Circular Mound Altar has one opening in the east, south, west and north. Each entrance to the altar has three sets of upper, middle and lower steps. Each set of steps has its own steps. It's level nine, and now we have found 12 "nine"s. Let's look again. The diameter of the altar on the bottom floor is 21 feet, but there is no "nine". The diameter of the middle layer is 15 feet, and there is no "nine". The top layer is "nine" feet, but there is a "nine". If the diameters of the three floors are compared. Plus, it is forty-five, five-nine-forty-five, not only "nine" but also "five", symbolizing the emperor's "nine-five" dignity. What a wonderful work of art! So, are there "Nine" anywhere else? have! Please go up to the second floor "Nine". Let's go to the top floor and take a look.

(At the top of the Circular Mound Altar, no one is on the east side)

Everyone, do you feel that the smell of "Nine" is getting stronger now? Please look at the center of the altar. There is a round stone called Tianxin Stone, which is surrounded by layers of fan-shaped stone slabs. The first ring is nine, and the second ring is two "nine" and eighteen. , the third ring is 3927 yuan, and the last ring is 9981 yuan. Take another look at the middle layer. It starts from ten nine blocks to eighteen nine blocks, and the bottom layer goes from nineteen nine blocks to twenty-seven nine blocks, that is, the three-layer altar surface, each layer is paved with nine rings of stone slabs, and each ring is paved with nine rings of stone slabs. The stones are all multiples of nine, from one to twenty-seven times. In this way, a total of 3402 stone slabs are paved on the upper, middle and lower altar surfaces, which is 378 "nine".

Remember? The lamppost we saw just now is nine feet, nine feet and nine inches high, and there are nine steps on both sides of the wood stove. The emperor didn't think it was enough. He also toasted to the emperor when offering sacrifices to the sky. This shows the emperor's reverence for nine. Why? Let’s talk after we get off the altar.

(Explanation of Tianxin Stone)

Everyone, please see, there is a protruding round stone in the center of the Tianxin Platform. It is called "Tianxin Stone", also known as "Yizhao Jingcong". "Stone", why is it called Tianxin Stone? It is said that this stone is the center of the universe and the "heaven" where the emperor and the gods in the sky communicate with each other. Therefore, those with a clear mind can communicate with the "gods" here. Then why is it called "Yizhaojing Congshi"? "Yizhao" means many, and "Jingcong" means following like a shadow, so to put it bluntly, "Yizhao Jingcong Stone" means "one call and a hundred responses to the stone". This is a set of wonderful acoustic phenomena, that is, when you stand in the center of the circle On the stone, when you speak softly, your voice is not only loud, but also has a ring and echo. So, what causes this phenomenon? Please see, because the altar surface is very smooth and flat, the sound waves can be quickly reflected back after reaching the surrounding stone railings. According to tests by acoustic experts, the time from pronunciation to the sound waves and back to the center stone is only 0.07 seconds. The speaker cannot do it at all. It is clear whether it is the original sound or the echo, so it feels like there is a response. When the emperor stood on the Tianxin Stone and spoke, he felt not only divine help - his voice was loud, but also human help - a hundred responses. As a human king, he regarded this echo as the infinite loyalty and unanimous response of all the people in the world to him. In the past, only the emperor could stand here and speak, but now we can also step on the Tianxin Stone and make a good wish.

However, don’t be greedy. Each person can only make one wish. Now let’s recommend a well-respected friend to make a wish for all of us!

(The secret of "Nine" is explained on the northeast side after walking down the Circular Qiu Altar)

Dear friends, now is the time for us to unlock the secret of "Nine". Ask everyone, what is the biggest thing in nature? By the way, it’s the sky; what is the largest number among natural numbers? It's "nine". According to the theory of yin and yang, between heaven and earth, heaven is yang and earth is yin; in numbers, odd numbers are yang and even numbers are yin; in terms of direction, south is yang and north is yin, so "nine" and "heaven" both belong to yang. They are all the boss, so in ancient times "nine" was used to symbolize heaven, so it was only natural to use "nine" to build a rooftop for worship.

After the sacrifices were completed, the emperor returned to the palace, so where would the tablet of Emperor Tianshen go? Of course, I have to return to the palace, but it is not the palace on earth, but the palace in heaven on earth. Where is it? That's the building in front of us - the Imperial Vault, okay! We will now go to the Heavenly Palace to visit the Emperor of Heaven.

3. Imperial Vault

(1) Involved content

1. The function of the Imperial Vault

2. Buildings in the courtyard< /p>

3. Echo Wall

4. Three-tone Stone

5. Dialogue Stone

(2) Introduction location: In the courtyard of Imperial Vault of Heaven Southeast corner

(3) Guide words

Dear friends, now we have arrived at the Imperial Vault. This is the place where the tablets of the Emperor of Heaven and other gods are stored after the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the heaven. It is the palace of the Emperor of Heaven and the gods. Except for the ceremony, the gods rest here during the rest of the time, which is the "heaven" on earth. The Imperial Vault The courtyard was built in 1530 AD and is located to the north of the Circular Mound Altar. The entire group of buildings is surrounded by a circular wall. There are three buildings in the courtyard, namely the main hall where the emperor's tablet is stored - the imperial vault and the where the sun, moon and stars are stored. , the east and west side halls for the tablets of the gods of wind, cloud, thunder and lightning.

The imperial dome of the main hall is like a huge umbrella. The top of the hall is round, the base is round, and the walls of the courtyard are also round. These "circles" are symbols of worshiping heaven and gods. But it is these "circles" and buildings that create incredible miracles, namely the three acoustic phenomena in the Imperial Vault. First, let’s take a look at the circular wall of this courtyard. It is the echo wall, a building famous both at home and abroad. So what’s so magical about the soundbar? The phenomenon is as follows: if two people stand under the wall behind the two side halls, both facing north and whispering to the wall, they can hear each other very clearly. Why is this? Because the entire wall is circular, with bricks facing each other, and the wall surface is very smooth. In addition, the top of the wall is covered with eaves tiles, so the sound should not be lost, so the sound waves are continuously reflected along the round wall to produce echoes. You can Give it a try. We will gather in front of the Imperial Vault in five minutes.

Now let’s take a look at the second interesting phenomenon. Please see that His Majesty Huang Qiong Yu Dan has three stones. If you stand on the first stone and clap your hands, you will hear an echo; if you stand on the second stone and clap your hands, you will hear a second echo; if you stand on the third stone, you will hear an echo. If you clap your hands on the stone, you can hear three echoes, so it is called the three-tone stone. In fact, according to measurements by acoustic experts, if it is quiet enough here and you clap your hands on the three-tone stone, the echoes will be infinite, but we humans can only hear three sounds. Why is this? The reason is simple. If you stand on the three-tone stone and look around, you will find, oh! It turned out that I was standing in the center of the entire courtyard, which was the best place for echoes.

The third interesting place is the eighteenth stone counting from Danbi to the south. It is called the Dialogue Stone. Its peculiarity is: if a person stands on this stone slab, another person will The two of them were standing at the northwest and northeast corners of the East and West side halls respectively. The three people spoke softly as clearly as if they were on the phone. This is because the three of them happened to be in an equilateral triangle with a side length of 36 meters. On the three tops, this strange phenomenon occurred. In this magical courtyard, there may be other "secrets" waiting for us to discover. Maybe you are the discoverer, okay! Now, please feel the fun of the three-tone stone and the dialogue stone. We will gather at the door in 5 minutes.

4. Kowloon Cypress

(1) Introduction location: in front of Kowloon Cypress

(2) Tour guide words

1. Dear friends , there is an ancient tree here called Jiulong Cypress. It is named because its trunk is shaped like nine circling dragons. This tree existed before the Temple of Heaven was built. It is eight or nine hundred years old. It is said that it was specially planted in This book is also called "Jiulong Yingsheng Bai" because of the title of "Jiulong Yingsheng".

5. Danbi Bridge

(1) Involved content

1. Purpose of Danbi Bridge

2. Service platform

3. "Ghost Gate"

(2) Introduction location: the south end of Danbi Bridge

(3) Tour guide words

Everyone, please look! A flat and wide avenue suddenly appeared in front of us. It was called Haiyuan Avenue and was called Danbi Bridge. It is the main axis of the inner altar of the Temple of Heaven. It plays the role of connecting the two groups of buildings, the Circular Mound Altar at the south end and the Praying Valley Altar at the north end. It is 360 meters long and about 30 meters wide. It is divided into three roads. The wide road in the middle is the Shinto. Even the emperor could not walk on it. The narrow road on the east side was the "imperial" road, for the exclusive use of the emperor, and the west side was the "king" road, which was designed for the civil and military ministers who accompanied the emperor to perform sacrifices. The bottom of the entire road gradually rises from south to north, with a difference of 2 meters between the northernmost end and the southernmost end, while the upper part of the road looks very flat. The beauty of this design method is that it symbolizes the emperor's rising step by step, which means he ascends to heaven and prays for blessings. However, the emperor was not really burdened by walking up the slope "step by step", so he adopted the form of "leveling up and down the slope", which not only allowed the emperor to walk comfortably on the level road, but also avoided the pain of "climbing" without losing sight of the problem. The reality of "climbing high" is really amazing!

Speaking of this, everyone may be a little confused, this is obviously a wide road, how can you call it a bridge? In fact, you may not know. There is a "bridge hole" under the bridge in front. It is not a misnomer, but it is indeed a bridge. Why is there a "bridge hole"? Don't be afraid to tell me. This bridge hole is called "Ghost Gate". The thing is like this, on the west side of Danbi Bridge there is an institution that specially raises animals for sacrifice, called the "Sacrifice House", and on the east side of Danbi Bridge there is another institution that specially slaughters animals for sacrifice, called "Sacrifice House" pavilion". Before the sacrifice, the animals raised in the sacrifice house on the west side must be driven to the slaughtering pavilion on the east side to be slaughtered and made into offerings. However, there is no road from west to east, and the cattle and sheep used for sacrifice must not be allowed to walk on the altar. The bridge defiled the sacred road, so a hole was opened under the bridge to let the animals waiting to be slaughtered pass. As long as the animals pass through the bridge holes, they will definitely die, and they will be made into sacrifices. There will never be any survivors. Therefore, we did not misname it, but it is indeed a bridge. It is not an exaggeration to call it "Gate of Hell"! good! Now I will take you to see the emperor's "Little Golden Palace".

(In front of the service desk)

Everyone! This is the service platform. When the sacrificial ceremony is held, a temporary tent is set up here, which is called the "Little Golden Palace". So, what is the purpose of setting up this small golden palace? It turns out that before the ceremony, the emperor had to change clothes here, taking off his yellow dragon robe and putting on blue sacrificial robes to show respect for the Emperor and God. In addition, the emperor also washes his hands here, marking the beginning of the Marquis Ceremony. The "Little Golden Hall" is equipped with a throne, a treasure table, an incense burner, a charcoal tray, etc. After the ceremony is completed, the "Little Golden Hall" is dismantled, leaving only an empty service platform. good! Now please follow me and we will visit the most essential part of the Temple of Heaven - the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests Scenic Area.

6. Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests

(1) Contents

1. Purpose of the Hall of Prayer for Harvest

2. Historical evolution

3. Symbolic meaning (internal and external)

4. Furnishings of the left and right side halls

(2) Introduction location: In the southeast corner of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests

Dear friends, now we have come to the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests scenic spot, which is the place where the emperor prayed for rain in Mengchun. The entire scenic spot is located at the northern end of the Temple of Heaven, and consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests and the side halls on both sides of the courtyard. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is a model of ancient Chinese architecture. It was first built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests was a rectangular hall. Since the heaven and earth were worshiping together at that time, it was not only a place to pray for grains but also a place to worship heaven. Since 1530, after the ninth year of Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty, separate sacrifices for heaven and earth were implemented. The Circular Mound Altar was set up at the southern end of the Temple of Heaven, and the Fangze Altar was set up in the northern suburbs. This became the Altar of Praying for Grains, and the original rectangular hall was changed into the one it is today. The circular hall we saw. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests was destroyed by lightning and was later rebuilt.

After liberation, the government carried out many renovations, making the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests more beautiful than before and becoming a symbol of Beijing tourism.

Please take a look. The towering Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests sits on a 6-meter-high altar of prayer for good harvests made of three-story white marble. The hall is 32 meters high and 30 meters in diameter. It is on the top of the three-story circular hall. It is covered with blue glazed tiles and looks harmonious and beautiful with the blue sky as the background. Originally, the glazed tiles on the roof of the three-story hall were blue, yellow and green from top to bottom, symbolizing heaven, earth and all things. Later, in order to highlight the meaning of respecting heaven, they were all changed to blue. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests not only has a beautiful appearance, but its content and structure are also amazing. The entire hall, commonly known as the Beamless Hall, is completely supported by 28 Optimus Primes. There are no nails, cement and other building materials. It is all made of wood, which astonishes all visitors at home and abroad.

The east and west side halls of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests are where the tablets of the sun, moon, stars, wind, cloud, thunder and rain are stored. The main hall is where the tablets of the Emperor and God are placed during the sacrificial ceremony. Not only that, there are many furnishings inside, especially the giant pillars supporting the main hall. Everyone said, "After a while, we will go to the praying altar to explain it carefully to everyone. Now you can take a photo here. Here is the photo." The best location in the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.

(On the praying altar)

Everyone! Now please take a look at the scenery inside the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests. In the middle of the hall is the tablet of the God of Heaven. There are 8 seats on the east and west sides. This is where the tablets of the ancestors of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty are enshrined. They are used as accompanying sacrifices during the grain praying ceremony. , there is an offering table in front of each shrine, displaying 24 kinds of food, calves, whole grains, etc. There are four large gold-plated pillars in the hall, called Longjing pillars, commonly known as Tongtian pillars, symbolizing the four seasons of the year. The twelve red pillars in the middle layer The paint pillars symbolize the twelve months of the year. The twelve red paint pillars on the outer layer symbolize the twelve hours of the day. The 12 red paint pillars on the middle layer and the 12 red paint pillars on the outer layer add up to 24, which represents the year. Among the 24 solar terms, the 4 in the middle are added to make 28, symbolizing the 28 stars in the sky. Plus the 8 short pillars called boy pillars above the main hall, the total is 36, symbolizing the thirty-six heavens. The Lei Gong Pillar under the Baoding symbolizes the emperor's unification of the world.

How is it? Amazing! The whole hall is not only exquisite in architecture, but also has profound meaning. It shows that our ancient culture is broad and profound. Are you all proud of being descendants of Yan and Huang?

7. Huangqian Hall

(1) Introduction location: in front of Huangqian Hall

(3) Guide words

Everyone Friends, this is the Huangqian Hall. It is the place where the tablets of Emperor Huangtian and ancestors are placed after the Grain Praying Ceremony. It is also called the Palace of the Praying Grain Altar.

Okay, we will introduce the buildings on the central axis here, and finally we will visit the "Seven Star Stone".

8. Qixing Stone

(1) Introduction location: Next to Qixing Stone Scenic Area

(2) Tour guide words

Dear friends, Here is the last landscape we want to visit - the Seven Star Stone. There are so many legends about it. I will tell you about it now. According to legend, Emperor Yongle wanted to find a place to build the Temple of Heaven when he moved the capital to Beijing, but he could not find a suitable location and was worried. One day in my dream, I suddenly saw the heavenly gate opening and the Big Dipper falling in the southeast of the Forbidden City. According to the theory of yin and yang, the south is yang, and the sky is yang. It is the ideal place to build the Temple of Heaven, so the decree was issued to build the Temple of Heaven here. Actually! This seven-star stone was artificially carved and placed here during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. Interested friends may ask, is it wrong? I kept counting, but it turned out to be eight yuan instead of seven! You counted correctly, so why did the Seven Star Stone turn into eight pieces? It turns out that in order to commemorate the merits of their ancestors, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty placed another smaller stone in the northeast of the Seven Star Stone. Why put it in the northeast corner? Because the Manchu Qing Dynasty is a nation that grew and grew stronger in the northeast of our country.

Okay! Dear friends, this is the end of the explanation of the Temple of Heaven. Thank you for your support and assistance in my work. If there are any shortcomings in the explanation, please give me your valuable opinions. Thank you all