Historical knowledge
Common sense of China history 1. The oldest known hominid living in China is Yuanmou ape-man.
An ancient human tooth fossil found in Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province, China, was scientifically identified about 6.5438+0.7 million years ago. About 700,000-200,000 years ago, "Beijingers" (hereinafter referred to as "Beijingers") lived in the Gulong Cave in Zhoukoudian, Beijing.
People in Beijing already know how to use natural fire. For the first time, mankind has gained the ability to dominate the forces of nature.
4. About 18000 years ago, a group of ancient humans called "Ding Dong people" still lived in Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. They already have obvious physical characteristics of the yellow race.
Neanderthals not only made artificial fires, but also made the first bone needle in the history of sewing technology in China. The spicule is about as thick as a matchstick and 82 mm long. 6. Six or seven thousand years ago, ancient painted pottery culture and black pottery culture appeared in China.
7. The painted pottery of Anbanpo culture in Xi 'an, Shaanxi is very beautiful. The decorative patterns on the surface net basin are the crystallization of original art, original words and original art.
8. The black pottery of Longshan culture in Shandong is black and bright, with the same luster as metal utensils. 9. Hemudu culture in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Basin is as old as Banpo culture in the Yellow River Basin. 7000 years ago, people there built houses with large wooden components.
About 4000 years ago, there were some tribal wars. The Yellow Emperor was the leader of one of the tribes, because he was popular, smart and brave, and won the final victory.
1 1. In the process of the gradual formation of the ancient Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor played an important role. The Yellow Emperor was revered by later generations as the "humanistic ancestor" of the Chinese nation (the predecessor of the Chinese nation). 12 After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding figures appeared in the Chinese nation: Yao, Shun and Yu.
Yaochan is located in Shun, and Shunchan is located in Yu. 13 years, Yao Shunyu era, flooding.
Dayu was ordered to control water and finally conquered the flood. 14. Later, Yu's son Qi succeeded to the throne and established the first slavery dynasty Xia Dynasty (about BC17th century BC, 22nd century BC).
15. According to legend, there was a calendar in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, so people called the ancient traditional calendar in China Li Xia. 16, the summer calendar is based on the cycle of the moon, also called the lunar calendar.
Because there are solar terms changes and farming arrangements in the calendar, it is also called the lunar calendar. 17, the last ruler of Xia Dynasty was unruly and tyrannical.
Under the leadership of the Tang Dynasty, the Shang tribes in the East became powerful and defeated the Shang Dynasty established in the Xia Dynasty (about 65438 BC+early 7th century-BC 1 1 century). 18, the great development of bronze ware manufacturing industry in Shang Dynasty.
The Simuwu Dafang Ding made in the late Shang Dynasty, weighing 875 kilograms, is by far the largest unearthed bronze ware in the world. 19, Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is an ancient writing carved on tortoise shell and beast bones, which is quite mature.
Among the 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in Yin Ruins, the total number of words reached 6.5438+0.6 million, including 4,600 words, and 6.5438+0.6 million words have been recognized. 20. At the end of Shang Dynasty, there was a tribe named Zhou on the Loess Plateau.
When he arrived in Zhou Wenwang, Zhou became the new leader of the governors in the western regions. Zhou Wang, the last ruler of Shang Dynasty, was an alcoholic.
Now, Zhou and other tribes joined forces to crusade against the Shang Dynasty. After the Battle of Makino, the Shang Dynasty was overthrown and the Zhou Dynasty was established (about 65438 BC+065438 BC+256 BC). 22. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, 7 1 small countries including Lu, Qi, Wei, Jin, Song and Yan were enfeoffed.
The monarchs of these small countries are called princes. 23. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, there were many large-scale music and dances in the Central Plains, which lasted 180 years.
When offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, Daxia dance is used to show Dayu's water control, and Dawu dance is used to commemorate the achievements of King Wu. 24. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved its capital to the East, which was called the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history.
It is divided into two periods: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. 25. During the Spring and Autumn Period, more than 100 vassal states competed with each other, and the winner was the king, resulting in the "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period", commonly known as Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Song Xianggong and Chu Zhuangwang.
26. In 606 BC, Chu Zhuangwang "won the titles of big and small". Ding is a symbol of kingship. It is said that Dayu cast Jiuding, representing Kyushu.
Chu Zhuangwang won the championship, which shows that he has the ambition to become the son of heaven. 27. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue was hostile to each other.
First, the prince of Wu died of injury. His son, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, is determined to take revenge and reminds him loudly every day: "Fu Cha, have you forgotten the revenge of killing your father?" Later, Wu defeated Yue under the leadership of Fu Cha.
28. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was determined to take revenge. He asks himself loudly every day: "Gou Jian, have you forgotten the shame of national subjugation?" After ten years of reunion, the State of Yue defeated the State of Wu, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, committed suicide.
About 2,500 years ago, China produced a great thinker-Laozi. Laozi is the founder of Taoist school.
30. The Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, wrote that misfortune sometimes becomes the cause of happiness, and sometimes misfortune is hidden in happiness. Therefore, we should pay attention to "extremes meet", as well as "Tao" and "virtue"
3 1, living in 55 BC1-Confucius was a great thinker and educator in the first 479 years and the founder of Confucianism. 32. Confucius first established private schools in China. He has 3000 disciples and 72 saints.
33. Confucius made immortal contributions to the development of ancient culture in China. He compiled and edited six classics, such as Yi, Shi, Li, Yue, Lao Zi Sun Wu Tu, Shangshu and Chunqiu. Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried in the north of the capital of Lu (now Kong Lin in Qufu, Shandong).
The former residence of Confucius was later converted into a "Confucius Temple". 35. Confucius' students recalled Confucius' daily teachings and life behaviors, and compiled a recorded book called The Analects, which became a Confucian classic and had a great influence on later generations.
36. Sun Wu was an outstanding strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. There are 13 famous art books handed down from ancient times.
Sun Tzu's art of war put forward many famous principles of war, such as "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle", "take the enemy by surprise" and "the enemy is unpredictable, and the water is unpredictable". 38. The fundamental purpose of Sun Tzu's Art of War is that the purpose of mastering war is to "defeat the enemy without fighting".
Sun Tzu's Art of War is therefore called the "Holy Book of Military Science".
2. Junior high school history knowledge.
Summary of teaching plan exercises in junior high school courseware: Chinese, mathematics, English, physical chemistry; Man has entered the steel age in the field of materials.
The arrival of electrification and steel era marks the rise of modern industry. Seven, World War I 1, "triple alliance" and the "Three Kingdoms Agreement" Figure triple alliance's "Three Kingdoms Agreement" 2, the serious consequences of the formation of two major military confrontation groups in northern Europe: IX P99-1019 at the end of the 20th century, Europe.
It was the struggle between these two military groups that led to the First World War. 3 Beizhi Sarajevo Incident: P1041914 In June 2004, Archduke Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, participated in a military exercise in Sarajevo and was shot and killed by Princip, a member of the Serbian secret organization, which is known as the "Sarajevo Incident".
The Sarajevo incident became the fuse of the First World War. Take the Battle of Verdun as an example to understand the great disaster that World War I brought to human society.
North: Jiushang P 107 The Battle of Verdun was the cruelest battle in the First World War. Throughout the campaign, the two sides invested nearly one million people and fought fiercely for several months. As a result, the French army successfully resisted the German attack.
The Battle of Verdun was one of the battles with the most casualties in the First World War, including 460,000 French casualties, 300,000 German casualties and more than 700,000 casualties. Historically known as the "Verdun meat grinder", used to describe the cruelty of war. World War I lasted four years and three months. 33 countries participated in the world war, with a population of 654.38+0.5 billion.
The war spread all over Europe, Asia and Africa, with 8.4 million troops killed and 2 100 injured. During the war, the two sides spent $208.4 billion. Eight, science and ideology and culture 1. Newton's major achievements.
North: P 1 19 British scientist Newton put forward the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, and creatively established a complete system of classical mechanics-Newtonian mechanics, which is called "the father of modern science". 2. Darwin's main achievements in the North: On September 9, P 120, British biologist Darwin wrote "The Origin of Species".
The theory of biological evolution is completely established. Darwin's theory of evolution put biology on the basis of science for the first time, which triggered a revolution in the fields of science and society and laid the foundation for the scientific research of biologists and other scientists. 3. Einstein's main achievements.
Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Britain, France, and Russia North: P 12 1 Einstein put forward the famous theory of relativity in physics. 4. Voltaire's basic proposition is North: P 1 15, one of the pioneers and most famous thinkers of the French Enlightenment. He criticized the feudal specialization, especially its spiritual pillar-the Catholic Church.
5. Tolstoy's main works: North Kowloon P 125 lev tolstoy is one of the greatest Russian writers. Representative works include War and Peace, anna karenine and Resurrection. 6. Beethoven's main works, a great German composer, include the following masterpieces: Heroic Symphony and Contemporary History of the World (below Grade 9). First, the Soviet Union's exploration of the socialist road 1. Understand the Petrograd armed uprising in Russia1917; Understand the birth of the first socialist country in world history: in September P31917165438+ 10 (Russian calendar 65438+10), Lenin led the Petrograd armed uprising to victory.
The Soviet People's Committee led by Lenin was established, and the first socialist country in the world was born. 2. Understand Lenin's exploration of socialist construction in the north: Under the leadership of Lenin, the Soviet Union and Russia began to implement the new economic policy in 192 1 year, and by 1925, the national economic recovery of the Soviet Union was basically completed.
The new economic policy directly links socialism with market, commodity-currency relationship and capitalism, which has far-reaching guiding significance for small-scale peasant countries to take the socialist road. Second, Versailles-the western world under the Washington system 1. Understand the basic contents of the Treaty of Versailles and the Nine-Nation Convention. North: Nine times P12191June, the victors of the Paris Peace Conference signed the Treaty of Versailles with Germany.
The main contents of the peace treaty are: (1) Alsace and Lorraine returned to France; No fortification is allowed within 50 kilometers of the east bank of the Milky Way; After recognizing Poland's independence, part of its territory was transferred to Poland and other countries. (2) Germany's overseas colonies were handed over to the victorious countries for "mandated rule".
(3) Abolish Germany's universal compulsory military service system. (4) Germany should pay a lot of war reparations.
North: P 14 1922 In September, representatives of nine countries attending the Washington Conference signed the nine-nation convention. The main contents include: respecting China's independence, territory and administrative integrity; China ensures that all countries in China have "equal opportunities" and are "open to the outside world".
The Convention dealt a blow to the Japanese plan to monopolize China, but it did not include China's demand for the abolition of consular jurisdiction, the return of leased land, tariff autonomy and so on, which provided conditions for the powers to jointly plunder China. From the Paris Peace Conference to the Washington Conference, the powers established the Versailles-Washington System.
2. Take the Industrial Revival Act as an example to evaluate the role of Roosevelt's New Deal in the history of capitalist development. The National Industrial Recovery Law is the core and foundation of the whole New Deal.
The main contents of the National Industrial Revival Law: stipulate the production scale, price level, market distribution, wage level and working hours of each enterprise, stipulate that workers have the right to collective bargaining, and stipulate the longest working hours that capitalists must accept and the amount of wages payable. The "New Deal" is the self-regulation of American capitalism, which initiated the bourgeois intervention in economic life on a large scale, further improved the monopoly degree of American state capitalism, and was a milestone in the history of capitalist development.
The "New Deal" has achieved good results and enabled the United States to survive the crisis. Three. World war ii 1. Understanding Munich Conference North: IX P361938 At the end of September, the four countries of Britain, France, Germany and Italy held a meeting in Munich and signed the Munich Agreement.
According to the agreement, the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and the southern region bordering Austria were ceded to Germany, and the Czech side withdrew from the above territories within ten days; Britain and France against Czechoslovakia.
3. China's historical knowledge
1. It is known that the oldest hominid living in China is Yuanmou ape-man.
An ancient human tooth fossil found in Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province, China, has been scientifically identified for more than 700,000 years. About 700,000-200,000 years ago, "Beijingers" (hereinafter referred to as "Beijingers") lived in the Gulong Cave in Zhoukoudian, Beijing.
People in Beijing already know how to use natural fire. For the first time, mankind has gained the ability to dominate the forces of nature.
About 18000 years ago, there were still a group of ancient humans called "Neanderthals" living in Gulong, Zhoukoudian, Beijing. They already have obvious physical characteristics of the yellow race.
Neanderthals not only made artificial fires, but also made the first bone needle in the history of sewing technology in China. The spicule is about as thick as a matchstick and 82 mm long. 6. Six or seven thousand years ago, ancient painted pottery culture and black pottery culture appeared in China.
7. The painted pottery of Anbanpo culture in Xi 'an, Shaanxi is very beautiful. The decorative patterns on the surface net basin are the crystallization of original art, original words and original art.
8. The black pottery of Longshan culture in Shandong is black and bright, with the same luster as metal utensils. 9. Hemudu culture in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Basin is as old as Banpo culture in the Yellow River Basin. 7000 years ago, people there built houses with large wooden components.
About 4000 years ago, there were some tribal wars. The Yellow Emperor was the leader of one of the tribes, because he was popular, smart and brave, and won the final victory.
1 1. In the process of the gradual formation of the ancient Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor played an important role. The Yellow Emperor was revered by later generations as the "humanistic ancestor" of the Chinese nation (the predecessor of the Chinese nation). 12 After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding figures appeared in the Chinese nation: Yao, Shun and Yu.
Yaochan is located in Shun, and Shunchan is located in Yu. 13 years, Yao Shunyu era, flooding.
Dayu was ordered to control water and finally conquered the flood. 14. Later, Yu's son Qi succeeded to the throne and established the first slavery dynasty Xia Dynasty (about BC17th century BC, 22nd century BC).
15. According to legend, there was a calendar in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, so people called the ancient traditional calendar in China Li Xia. 16, the summer calendar is based on the cycle of the moon, also called the lunar calendar.
Because there are solar terms changes and farming arrangements in the calendar, it is also called the lunar calendar. 17, the last ruler of Xia Dynasty was unruly and tyrannical.
Under the leadership of the Tang Dynasty, the Shang tribes in the East became powerful and defeated the Shang Dynasty established in the Xia Dynasty (about 65438 BC+early 7th century-BC 1 1 century). 18, the great development of bronze ware manufacturing industry in Shang Dynasty.
The Simuwu Dafang Ding made in the late Shang Dynasty, weighing 875 kilograms, is by far the largest unearthed bronze ware in the world. (right) 19. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is an ancient writing carved on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts, which is quite mature.
Among the 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in Yin Ruins, the total number of words reached 6.5438+0.6 million, including 4,600 words, and 6.5438+0.6 million words have been recognized. 20. At the end of Shang Dynasty, there was a powerful tribe named Zhou on the Loess Plateau.
When he arrived in Zhou Wenwang, Zhou became the new leader of the governors in the western regions. Zhou Wang, the last ruler of Shang Dynasty, was an alcoholic.
Now, Zhou and other tribes joined forces to crusade against the Shang Dynasty. After the Battle of Makino, the Shang Dynasty was overthrown and the Zhou Dynasty was established (about 65438 BC+065438 BC+256 BC). 22. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, 7 1 small countries including Lu, Qi, Wei, Jin, Song and Yan were enfeoffed.
The monarchs of these small countries are called princes. 23. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, there were many large-scale music and dances in the Central Plains, which lasted 180 years.
When offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, Daxia dance is used to show Dayu's water control, and Dawu dance is used to commemorate the achievements of King Wu. 24. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved its capital to the East, which was called the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history.
It is divided into two periods: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. 25. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were more than 100 vassal states competing with each other, and the winner was king, resulting in the "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period", commonly known as Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Song Xianggong and Chu Zhuangwang.
26. In 606 BC, Chu Zhuangwang "won the titles of big and small". Ding is a symbol of kingship. It is said that Dayu cast Jiuding, representing Kyushu.
Chu Zhuangwang won the championship, which shows that he has the ambition to become the son of heaven. 27. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue was hostile to each other.
First, the prince of Wu died of injury. His son, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, is determined to take revenge and reminds him loudly every day: "Fu Cha, have you forgotten the revenge of killing your father?" Later, Wu defeated Yue under the leadership of Fu Cha.
28. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was determined to take revenge. He asks himself loudly every day: "Gou Jian, have you forgotten the shame of national subjugation?" After ten years of reunion, the State of Yue defeated the State of Wu, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, committed suicide.
About 2,500 years ago, China produced a great thinker-Laozi. Laozi is the founder of Taoist school.
(right) 30. Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, wrote that misfortune sometimes becomes the cause of happiness, and sometimes misfortune is hidden in happiness. Therefore, we should pay attention to "extremes meet", as well as "Tao" and "virtue"
3 1, living in 55 BC1-Confucius was a great thinker and educator in the first 479 years and the founder of Confucianism. 32. Confucius first established private schools in China. He has 3000 disciples and 72 saints.
33. Confucius made immortal contributions to the development of ancient culture in China. He compiled and edited six classics, such as Yi, Shi, Li, Yue, Shangshu and Chunqiu. Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried in the north of the capital of Lu (now Kong Lin in Qufu, Shandong).
The former residence of Confucius was later converted into a "Confucius Temple". 35. Confucius' students recalled Confucius' daily teachings and life behaviors, and compiled a recorded book called The Analects, which became a Confucian classic and had a great influence on later generations.
36. Sun Wu was an outstanding strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. There are 13 famous art books handed down from ancient times.
Sun Tzu's art of war put forward many famous principles of war, such as "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle", "take the enemy by surprise" and "the enemy is unpredictable, and the water is unpredictable". 38. The fundamental purpose of Sun Tzu's Art of War is that the purpose of mastering war is to "defeat the enemy without fighting".
Sun Tzu's Art of War is therefore called the "Holy Book of Military Science" and is widely used in politics and diplomacy.
4. The memory method of junior high school history knowledge is grade eight now, and our history books are from Sichuan Education Edition.
1. We must work hard on understanding. Understanding is the key to remember more and remember more in history study, because only the knowledge that is truly understood will not be forgotten. Like other classes, we should pay attention to the lecture in history class. Some students think it doesn't matter whether we listen in class or not. Anyway, we can understand the content of the text, as long as we memorize it before the exam. This idea is very wrong, although some simple contents can be memorized. But for complex content, rote learning alone is not enough. There is a lot of historical knowledge that must be understood, such as what this knowledge is, why it is like this, what is its significance, what is its influence and so on. Therefore, we should grasp the causal relationship and context of historical phenomena; If you don't concentrate on the teacher's analysis and explanation in class, you won't think positively with your brain. If you fantasize about cramming for the exam, you will inevitably be upset or arrogant on the spot, while others will be at a loss. 2. Be good at simplifying the complex and making it easy. Some historical events and phenomena are complicated and cannot be memorized by rote. We can take some effective measures to simplify complex things as much as possible, and then remember them. The main methods are: (1) formula memory method. When answering some complicated historical questions, just like solving a number learning problem, we can sum up some basic formulas. Then remember to answer according to the formula. For example, historical events = time+place+people+simple process+result+meaning. Process = preparation+occurrence+result. Meaning = function+characteristics+influence. People = name+times+deeds (including thoughts, activities or works)+influence. Works = author+year of publication+content+meaning. Forming network memory, that is, grasping several key points as fulcrums and then expanding them, can quickly remember the basic content. Mastering this method can get twice the result with half the effort when remembering major historical events, historical figures and ancient and modern Chinese and foreign masterpieces. (2) Comparative memory method. Human history follows certain laws and develops forward. In the process of its development, various historical events or phenomena are related to some extent, and at the same time they are restricted by time and space. Let them have their own characteristics. Comparative memory method is to classify and compare two or more related events or characters, find out their similarities and differences, and prevent them from being conceited. Comparative memory method is an important memory method in history learning. The specific methods are as follows: ① Compare historical phenomena with the same nature but different characteristics, such as Qin, Sui, Han and Tang Dynasties. ② Compare some historical phenomena with similar performances but different natures, and form different concepts. (3) Comprehensive comparison of historical events of the same nature but occurring in different periods, distinguishing similarities and differences, such as many unequal treaties in modern China and their influence on China society. (4) Comparison between China and foreign countries, such as the comparison between the four countries that first entered the slave society in the world, and the comparison between China and Western Europe that entered the feudal society. The comparison between China's ancient economic and technological development and that of the West. (3) List graphic method. According to the characteristics of historical events, the list diagram method makes the same kind of knowledge coherent and form a system, makes many historical facts and complex contents clear and coherent, and achieves the effect of simplifying the complex. The biggest advantage of list diagram method is that it is concise and eye-catching, and it is an effective method to help memory, especially in remembering complex historical materials. Five wars of aggression against China by foreign invaders in modern history and two important meetings of the Party in China's modern history; Three major religions in world history, bourgeois revolution, two world wars, etc. (4) Association method can be divided into vertical association and horizontal association. Vertical association is to grasp a historical knowledge point and make it coherent, that is, based on a historical fact, it can not only relate to the previous historical events, but also relate to the subsequent events, extending from points and lines. We can remember the contents of these historical knowledge. For example, the Japanese occupied China's territory of Taiwan Province Province. In "treaty of shimonoseki", we can trace it back to 230 AD when Sun Quan sent Wei Wen to Yizhou (that is, Taiwan Province Province), Yang Di sent people to Taiwan Province Province three times, the Penghu Inspection Department was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and the Taiwan Government was established in the Qing Dynasty. From this series of events, we can draw a conclusion that Taiwan Province Province has been the territory of China since ancient times. The Cairo Declaration clearly stipulates that the Japanese must return the occupied China territories. It was not until the victory of World War II that Taiwan Province Province returned to the motherland. Japanese occupation of China and Taiwan Province lasted for 50 years, thus linking the historical knowledge about Taiwan Province Province. The horizontal association method is to connect different historical events that occurred at the same time at home and abroad or similar historical events in different periods. The third and fourth volumes of "Society" in junior middle school put Chinese and foreign history together to study. This requires us to focus on the history of China and link Chinese and foreign historical knowledge. For example, when we say Oracle Bone Inscriptions Ming in China, we associate Egyptian hieroglyphics, cuneiform characters in the two river basins and Latin characters in Europe. (5) String method. We can use the string method to remember events or people with parallel relationship, that is, we can connect related contents in order according to the text, and only remember the first word of each content. For example, the five contents of Wang Anshi's political reform can be simplified as ". The four important international conferences in the late World War II can be simplified as "opening, morality, elegance and waves". Through this simplified method, the content of the text can be remembered quickly. 3. The important feature of historical knowledge is that there are many names, places and years to remember, and if it is removed, it will not become history. Learning history and remembering names, places and years are indispensable. However, not only by rote memorization, but also by scientific memory methods. (1) Remember people's names. Remembering the names of some important people in history can strengthen the memory by grasping the characteristics of some people. For example, the emperors of the Han Dynasty were all surnamed Liu, the emperors of the Song Dynasty were all surnamed Zhao, and the emperors of the Jin Dynasty were all surnamed Sima. You can use string method and homophonic method to remember names, which is especially suitable for remembering foreigners' names. Turn meaningless syllables into meaningful nouns or phrases, which is easy to remember. Some people might as well give them an nickname and remember their names as smoothly as possible with homophonic method.