What is the relationship between Catalonia and Spain?

Translation of Catalonia.

Url] catalunya in Spanish, Catalunya in Catalan, an autonomous region and historical geographical region of Spain.

It is also an area that historically includes Gerona, Barcelona, tarragona and Lerida in the northeast of Spain.

1979 65438+February 18 passed the autonomy decree and became an autonomous region.

Area 12328 square miles (3 1.930 square kilometers) and population of 5.958 million (198 1).

13 to 14 century, ranking first in western Mediterranean trade.

It is the richest and most industrialized region in Spain.

Barcelona, the capital.

Catalonia was once a principality of Aragon, which played an important role in the history of Iberian Peninsula.

Since17th century, it has been the center of separatist movement.

Catalonia was the first region occupied by the Roman Empire in Spain.

It was occupied by the Goths in the 5th century (AD 409) and by the Moors in 7 12 (* * *). At the end of the 8th century, Charlemagne (the Emperor of Western Rome) incorporated it into the Spanish Kingdom, which was under the jurisdiction of the Earl.

But the Franks ruled Catalonia in name only, and the rule of Count borell was strong.

In 1 137, Bameng. Bellengier IV of Barcelona was engaged to Petroni La, the queen of Aragon, and Catalonia and Aragon were unified.

13 and 14 centuries, Catalonia monopolized the maritime trade in the western Mediterranean.

14 10 years ago, the interests of Catalonia prevailed in the kingdom, but in 14 10, the royal family of Catalonia lost its heir.

After 14 12, Catalonia's dissatisfaction with Aragon Novo Trastamara began to increase, and it entered * * when John II was in power, but the rebellion failed (1462–1472).

After John II's son Ferdinand married Queen Isabel of Castile (1469), Spain was unified, and Catalonia's position in Spain fell to the second place.

Although autonomy was maintained, the conflict of interests with castel before17th century and the decline of the reputation of the Spanish monarchy led to the first Catalan separatist movement.

Catalonia hated Spanish rule in 1640 and claimed to be protected by Louis XIII of France, but the rebellion was suppressed in 1650.

In the Spanish war of succession to the throne, Catalonia announced its support for Archduke Charles of Spain and boycotted the participation of France and Bourbon. However, in 17 14, it was completely conquered by the forces of Bourbon Philip V, and the Catalan Constitution and autonomy were abolished.

Catalan separatism reappeared in the support for Carlos in the19th century. In order to awaken national consciousness, Catalan has been used in news media and theaters since 1850.

After the failure of Carlos 1876, Catalan nationalism became a greater force supporting Catalan autonomy.

Catalonia won a small autonomy with 19 13, but it was abolished by Rivera in 1925. He cracked down on all Catalan separatist movements.

Rivera's policies led to the formation of the Catalan Left Alliance Party (EsquerraRepublicana).

Escuela won the 193 1 municipal election, and two days later its leader declared Catalonia independent.

Finally, a compromise was reached with the central authorities, and the autonomy decree was passed in September 1932.

Catalonia played an important role during the civil war between the Spanish Republic and Spain (1936–39).

However, the victory of nationalists in 1939 meant the failure of autonomy, and Francisco Franco adopted tyranny to suppress Catalan nationalism.

After Franco's death, Spain's democratic construction did not reduce Catalonia's desire for autonomy, and limited autonomy was adopted in September 1977.

1979 adopts full autonomy.

1979 The * * established includes the autonomous region * * (the executive committee led by the President) and the unicameral parliament.

Catalonia is a triangle in the northeast of Spain, bordering France and Andorra in the north, Aragon in the west, Valencia in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the east.

Catalonia and France are separated by the Pyrenees, and the pre-Pyrenees and Ebro river basins in the west are the borders with Aragon.

The Hebraud basin in the southwest separates Valencia province.

Tarrago, Barcelona and Gerona all have Mediterranean coastlines, surrounded by Catalan hills and coastal plains.

Historically, Catalonia hills have been separated from agricultural areas and coastal industrial towns in the hinterland of the peninsula.

The northern part of the Catalan hills is a platform, including most of the province of Lerida.

The main rivers in Catalonia are Llobrégat and Ebro, both of which flow into the Mediterranean Sea.

Most of Catalonia belongs to the Mediterranean climate, that is, hot and dry in summer and mild and relatively humid in winter.

The concentration of industry in Catalonia coastal towns is the result of the concentration of population along the Mediterranean coast, and the population in the mainland is gradually decreasing.

In the 20th century, the population of Barcelona and its satellite cities increased greatly.

Traditional agriculture in Catalonia produces potatoes, corn, wine, almonds and olive oil for export.

More than one-third of Catalonia's land is not cultivated, and traditional crops such as olives and grapes are being squeezed out by fruits and vegetables produced for urban consumption.

However, agricultural output accounts for only one tenth of Catalonia's GDP.

Catalonia's textile industry first developed between 1283 and 13 13, and has always been the primary industry in this region.

Barcelona, Sabadel and Tarrasa are textile centers.

Since 1950, the industrial sector has experienced rapid expansion and diversification, and the metallurgical, food processing and chemical industries are steadily catching up with the textile industry.

Textile, paper-making and printing arts, chemical industry and metallurgical industry are all concentrated in Barcelona.

A factory in this city produces most cars in Spain.

The increase in Catalonia's demand for petroleum products has led to the increase of refineries in Barcelona.

The service industry, especially tourism and transportation, is developing at a high speed.

The population is 6.09 million 93 19 (Barcelona 1.5 million 345 1).

history

Catalonia gradually formed in the Middle Ages.

/kloc-In the 20th century, Catalonia and Aragon jointly established the Catalonia-Aragon Kingdom.

/kloc-in the 8th century, Philip V of the Bourbon Dynasty became the Spanish king. He revoked Catalonia's autonomy and banned Catalan as the official language.

Catalonia rebuilt its autonomy on 1933, but Franco, after benefiting from the Spanish civil war, cancelled Catalonia's autonomy again on 1939 and banned Catalan.

Until 1975, Catalonia regained its autonomy, and Catalan also gained the official language status of Spain and was recognized as an independent European language.

Independent emotion

On June 7, 2006, Catalonia held a referendum on expanding local autonomy, and the result was 73.9%.

The local population accounts for about one-tenth of Spain's total, but it contributes more than 20% of the total tax revenue, thus creating a local independent mood.