China Naming Network - Eight-character fortune telling - What is the economic and medical value of breeding muskrats?

What is the economic and medical value of breeding muskrats?

A. The economic value of muskrat: The fur of adult muskrats is thick, rich in fluff, and the guard hairs are shiny. The winter hair is especially beautiful, warm and of high quality. Muskrat's fur ranks first in terms of water-drainability and non-wetness, and its plush density ranks third among all animals. It is a fur designated for purchase by the state. Muskrat meat accounts for 47%-50% of live body weight, has a protein content of 20.1%, and a fat content of only 3.9%. It is rich in minerals and tender in texture, making it a promising meat product. Muskrat musk secreted by adult male rats during the breeding period contains the same main components as natural musk, such as muscone, normuscone, and alkanone. Its effect in slowing down the heart rate is more obvious, and it has anti-inflammatory, hypoxia, lowering blood pressure, and anti-inflammatory properties. , anti-allergy, androgen and other effects, it is an ideal substitute for natural musk and can be used to refine high-end perfumes. The muskrat is full of treasures and is native to North America. It is an amphibious and precious herbivorous animal that is highly efficient and economical in terms of skin, meat, and medicine. It has strong disease resistance and adaptability. The feed sources are wide, the feeding is simple, and they can be raised anywhere in the country. Its fur is the best in water-draining properties and has strong decoration and warmth retention properties. It is a high-grade fur and is known as "soft gold". Muskrat meat is one of the best game foods because it is high in protein, low in fat and delicious. , In addition, each male rat can obtain 10-15 grams of incense alive during the fragrant period. The results of four years of research by experts from my country's "Muskra scent chemical composition and pharmacological effects research group" show that: muskrat scent has a more significant effect on slowing the heart rate than musk produced by forest musk deer. It is anti-inflammatory, resistant to hypoxia, and lowers blood pressure. It has the same biological activity and hemodynamic inhibitory effects such as slowing heart rate and negative inotropic effects. It has strong anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-allergy, growth-promoting effects, and has special effects on hemorrhoids and coronary heart disease. National The musk produced by forest musk deer is not allowed to be used as medicine, so the prospect of developing muskrat incense is very broad. At present, the price of natural musk at home and abroad is very expensive. Secondly, the feces is clean, hygienic, and free of mosquitoes and flies. It is an excellent raw material for the development of mosquito repellent incense. B. Benefit analysis of muskrat breeding: Muskrat breeding has the characteristics of small project investment, low feeding cost and good economic benefits. The project investment is small: The breeding of muskrats is adapted to local conditions and can be large or small. It can be raised in abandoned ponds and rivers, orchards and woods can be used for captive breeding. It can also be kept in cages using courtyards, balconies or flat roofs. Low feeding cost: Muskrat is a herbivorous amphibian with a wide range of feed sources. It can eat more than 100 kinds of grasses, vegetables and grains such as Chinese cabbage, carrots, water peanuts and reeds. The feeding cost is low and the feeding method is simple. As long as you pay attention to regular feeding, hygiene, prevention and treatment of diseases, everyone can be fed. Good economic benefits: raising a pair of muskrats will breed 2-3 litters every year in the north, 4-5 litters in the south, and 3-4 litters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The maximum number is 6 litters, and each litter is generally 8-12. The largest number is 24. During the estrus period (March to October), male muskrats can extract 6-7 grams of musk alive. The price per gram is currently around 140 yuan. The rats bred from each pair of muskrats every year can be skinned. There are no less than 20 pieces, and each fur currently sells for about 50 yuan. C. Market analysis of muskrat breeding: Although our country has been studying muskrats for more than ten years, private breeding is still in its infancy, especially the development of muskrat scent products, which has just become mature. In addition to large-scale breeding of Chinese muskrats, Outside of rat breeding bases, there are no large-scale breeding farms. In particular, the pharmacological properties of muskrat incense are exactly the same as those of natural musk, and it also has special effects on treating coronary heart disease. At the same time, muskrat incense is also a fixative. Adding a little muskrat incense to various cosmetics will make the fragrance last for a long time. At present, there is a large gap in the domestic and foreign markets that will be difficult to meet within 10 years, and the market prospects are very broad. D. Development Prospects Muskrat is a highly efficient special economic animal. Its whole body is a treasure. It has a wide range of uses and is very precious. It has broad development prospects in both the domestic market and the international market, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Musk Rat is a valuable animal spice. The animal spices required for domestic and international high-end cosmetics and related medicines are based on the musk secreted by muskrats and the civet scent secreted by civets. Now musk has become an endangered animal, and its musk raw materials and products have been banned. Civets are not only difficult to breed, but also have very little civet fragrance and a lot of impurities, so their application scope is subject to many restrictions. Muskrat has naturally become an important supplement to the endangered animal spices. The medicines developed with it are very effective in treating high and low blood pressure, coronary heart disease, overburdened heart, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis and other diseases. The health cosmetics developed with it have obvious anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. , the active power of increasing skin activity and reducing peroxidized lipid and lipofuscin content, is highly competitive among cosmetics in the world today. 2. Muskrat fur is an excellent raw material for making high-end fur clothing. Its fur is rich and soft, has strong elasticity, rich hand feel and good luster. Its warmth retention and water-drainage properties are second only to otter skin. People in Western economically developed countries consider wearing muskrat Leather is regarded as a symbol of wealth, and the supply is in short supply, with a gap of about 70% at home and abroad. 3. Muskrat meat is a kind of game meat with high protein, low fat and extremely nutritious. Its meat is tender and delicious. It can be processed into cans, sausages, stir-fried, etc. It is the best meat food, especially People from Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and even economically developed countries love to eat it. The price is very high. 4. Muskrat feces can repel mosquitoes and flies and is the best material for making mosquito coils.

5. Muskrat has a high ornamental value because it is tasteless, odorless, clean, hygienic, jumps above and below the water, and is lovely to watch. Muskrat breeding industry can not only promote the development of industry, fur processing industry, meat processing industry, and cosmetics industry, then these industries will inevitably promote faster and greater development of muskrat breeding industry. Therefore, the prospects for muskrat breeding industry are very broad.

1. Slaughtering and skin removal: It is best to select adult rats with the best fur quality in winter to slaughter and remove the skin. The slaughter should be quick and clean without damaging or contaminating the fur. The muskrats can be packed densely into a wire cage and immersed in water for 10 minutes to drown them all. The dead rats can then be hung upside down to dry and their skins removed. Hang the two hind legs of the muskrat on the hook, use a knife or scissors to open the back crotch from the middle of the dividing line between the dorsal and abdominal hairs (the back hair is long, the belly hair is short) at the anus, and the knife must be straight and do not pick to the side. Remove it The limbs, claws and tail keep the skin shape intact, and the head and legs are complete. 2. Fur processing is divided into two steps: oiling and drying. (1) Oil scraping: Use a blunt knife to scrape off the grease on the leather plate from back to front. When scraping, you can line the leather tube with a 10-14 cm thick rubber tube, and use sawdust to wash away the grease while scraping to avoid contaminating the wool. Make sure to use even force on the surface to prevent scratching. Finally, cut off the remaining meat and wash the skin. (2) Drying in the shade: Place the clean leather board on the last board facing the coat, hang it in a ventilated place at room temperature until it is 60 to 70% dry, then turn the fur outwards, and dry in the shade on the last board. The last board should be upright so that the tip of the nose and the base of the tail are strictly in line. Straight line, aligned with the center line of the last board, symmetrical left and right. It is strictly prohibited to bake, expose or freeze at low temperatures to avoid damage to the fur. Last boards are made of wood and are divided into large and small types. The large size has a total length of 40 cm, a bottom width of 15 cm, and a middle width of 13 cm; a small size is 40 cm long, a bottom width of 12 cm, and a middle width of 10 cm. The board thickness is 1.5 cm, with smooth edges and no edges, and a smooth and flat surface. .

1. Extend the time for muskrat to secrete scent 1. Changing the climate environment Among the environmental factors that affect muskrat scent secretion such as temperature, airflow and light, the most important is temperature, followed by light. Covering the muskrat house with film to keep it warm in late autumn and early winter can prolong the secretion time of the muskrat's scent glands and promote early secretion of the scent glands in early spring. Take cooling measures in summer to try to avoid the adverse effects of high temperatures on the sexual activities of muskrats. 2. Improve the feed supply. Feeding fresh vegetables, tender grass and malt in early spring can induce the recovery of sexual function of muskrats, promote the activity of their scent glands, and make them secrete fragrance in advance. Feeding high-quality forage and young vegetables in mid-late autumn can reduce the stress of natural plants. The impact of seasonal nutritional differences in growth on the physiological activities of muskrats, while appropriately adding concentrated feed. 2. Increase the secretion level of scent glands 1. Improve the female muskrat's sexual desire. The secretion of the male muskrat's scent glands is obviously affected by the female muskrat's estrus cycle. When the female muskrat is in estrus, the male muskrat's scent gland secretion activity is strong and the scent gland storage fluid is full; when the female muskrat is in estrus, , although the scent glands of male muskrats still carry out secretion activities, the amount of scent stored in the scent glands is small. Therefore, to maintain a high level of scent gland secretion activity, the sexual desire of male and female muskrats must be maintained. To maintain the high sexual desire of male and female muskrats, you can adopt methods of raising male and female muskrats together, feeding male muskrats with aphrodisiac Chinese medicine decoctions, recording and replaying the calls of female muskrats in heat, and feeding female muskrats with estradiol mixtures. Rat and other methods. 2. Establish a high-yield rat group by recording the scent amount of numbered male muskrats to understand the scent amount of each rat, and then select and match each rat based on the scent amount, and carefully raise and manage the offspring. Establish and develop future generations of highly productive populations of chinchillas. 3. Use of drug stimulation to maintain sexual desire Practice has proven that feeding muskrats drugs that stimulate sexual activity can increase the amount of scent. Drugs that stimulate sexual activity can be divided into two categories: one is Chinese herbal prescriptions that strengthen yang and regulate qi, and the other is androgenic drugs. 3. Improve the fragrance extraction technology and improve the feeding efficiency. The fragrance extraction process itself is a stimulation of the fragrance glands. Good scenting techniques can promote the secretion of scent glands, so the scenting movements must be gentle and the technique must be correct and skillful. It is required to do a good job of disinfection before taking incense. If the scent gland (sponge body) of a muskrat that has taken incense has turned into a hard lump, it means that the gesture of taking incense is too heavy and you should stop taking incense. The optimal interval between scenting is generally 12-15 days. Weak and sick muskrats should not be fragrant and should be taken after their physical condition has recovered. For male rats that are in the mating period or in estrus, they should stop taking scent once or extend the interval between scenting. For male rats that are injured and bleeding during the operation, you should stop taking incense, inject antibacterial drugs and put them in the nest. Add an appropriate amount of anti-inflammatory drugs to the concentrate, and wait until the injury recovers before taking incense.

1. Material: silicone G board. Used for thin layer chromatography separation of muskrat scent components. Thin layer paper (Xinhua filter paper) is used for paper layer chromatography to separate the components of muskrat scent. 2. Test method 2.1 Paper layer chromatography detection method of muskrat 2.2 Thin layer chromatography of muskrat 2.3 Main chemical components of muskrat benzene extract 3. Results and analysis Muskrat is completely redissolved in benzene solution and can be passed through general The chromatograms of paper chromatography and plate chromatography can completely identify the authenticity and inherent quality of muskrat. As a muskrat breeding farm, this method is completely applicable to identify the authenticity and quality of muskrat incense. Chinese name: Muskrat Alias: Green-rooted marten. Distribution: Muskrat is native to North America and is widely distributed, ranging from the Great Lakes in the north to Mexico in the south. The main producing areas of muskrat in North America are: the Great Lakes in the northeast, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Louisiana in the south. wait.

Muskrat has an oval body, 35cm long, a tail length of about 25cm, and a weight of about 1kg.

The head is slightly flat, the neck is short, the ears are small and hidden in the coat, the eyes are round and small, the mouth is blunt and round, with sparse beards, and there are long and sharp incisors on the upper and lower sides, protruding outside the lips, upper, lower, left and right Each has three molars. The limbs are short and flexible, with hard hairs on the inside. The front feet have four toes and sharp claws, suitable for digging holes and grabbing food. The hind limbs are longer. The toes are broad and webbed. The base of the tail is round, the distal end is flat, and there are round horny scales and sparse black hairs on it. The hind limbs and tail can play the role of "oar" and "rudder" when swimming. The coat is black or mousy yellow, and the belly is brownish gray. The coat is light in summer and dark in winter and spring.

(1) Habitat Wild muskrat lives a semi-aquatic life, and likes to live in swamps and lakes with lots of hay, along rivers and ponds. (2) Cave and Nest Muskrats live in burrows. Rat holes are generally built in places with good hiding conditions, usually along the roots of trees on the shore. Rat holes are composed of tunnels, blind holes, food storage chambers and nests. The tunnels have few layers. Each cave has several entrances and exits, and many of the entrances are under the water. As the water level changes, the entrance of the cave often changes. When the entrance of the cave is exposed on the water, it is blocked with mud and grass. The diameter of a muskrat hole is about 15cm. The length of the tunnel varies from 2-3m to 10m. The den is located above the level. Muskrat burrows include simple individual burrows and complex family burrows. (3) Food habits Muskrats are herbivores and like to eat the tender roots, stems and leaves of reeds, onions, water peanuts, sedges, etc. As well as grass crops, roots and vegetables, they occasionally eat a small amount of animal food such as clams, small fish, snails, frogs, etc. It has the habit of storing food, especially in winter and lactation period. The storage capacity can reach tens of kilograms and is well preserved. The daily feed intake is about 1/3 of its body weight. Under artificial breeding conditions, the feeding method of combining concentrate and green feed is generally used. Green feed can use various aquatic plants, vegetables, fruits, sweet potatoes, melons, etc., while concentrates are mostly made of corn flour, soybean meal, peanut meal, wheat bran, rice, malt, yeast, salt, bone meal, fish meal, vitamins, etc. Proportionally matched. Feeding muskrats with "rabbit compound pellet feed" has also achieved ideal results. (4) Habits: Most of the activities are in the water or on the banks of rivers, ponds, lakes and bays where there are many aquatic plants. They are often active in the early morning or evening, sleep in the den or lie quietly during the day, and stop moving when the weather is bad. There are frequent activities in spring and autumn. After the water surface freezes in winter, wild rats can bite through thin ice to move in and out of the ice during the day, with a range of about 1km2. It likes to swim and moves freely in the water, but is clumsy on land. When swimming, its head is above the water, its tail swings from side to side like a rudder, and its hind limbs paddle back and forth like an oar. It can swim hundreds of meters at a time, up to more than 30 meters per minute. A dive lasts about 20 minutes and can dive 3-4m. He is impatient, bold and suspicious, moves quickly and covertly, and has poor sense of smell and vision. But its hearing is very keen, and its forelimbs are all relied on for feeding, digging holes, fighting and washing its body, and its movements are agile. When eating, it is held with its forelimbs and eats very quickly. During the lactation period, male rats often come out of the hole and are busy gathering and carrying food. If they are in danger during this period, the offspring will suck the mother's nipples or put her back on her back to escape together. They are aggressive and cannot live with non-family members. After settling in separate nests, they have fixed areas of activity. If a non-family rat is found, they will fight. During the breeding period, fighting for mates sometimes occurs.

(1) "Blood mating" can be done 2 to 3 days after birth, and estrus can be mated again 15 days after birth. However, in both cases, the chance of conception is very small, and pregnancy can only occur during the second estrus cycle. (2) Mating usually takes place in the water, and usually takes place in the early morning or evening. (3) In the early morning of the next morning after mating, a white tubular colloid plug formed by the male rat’s seminal vesicle gland secretions can be detected in the vagina of the female rat. If this plug is eliminated, the female rat can accept mating again, otherwise, she will no longer accept mating. . (4) Most female rats that accept mating can reproduce and give birth to offspring. Muskrats are multiparity animals. (5) The gestation period of muskrats is very short, only 27 to 28 days, and each litter can give birth to 6 to 9 litters. A female rat can theoretically breed 20 to 25 rats per year. In fact, the breeding parity and number of muskrats are not only related to climatic conditions, but also closely related to the provenance, feeding and management level, feeding water conditions, disease prevention and control and many other aspects. The 1-day-old muskrat looks like a small pink meat ball; the offspring grow and develop very quickly, with a body length of 6.5-7.5 cm and a weight of 15.5-22.5 grams at birth. They do not open their eyes, and their body surface is hairless and brown. Young mice can live with their parents for a long period of time, taking care of each other, and do not leave their parents until they reorganize a new "home". At 2 days of age, small villi gradually grow, and incisors begin to grow; at 10 days of age, the villi on the body are denser, the back becomes gray-black or light tan, the ventral surface is gray-yellow, and the incisors are 1 mm long; at 12 days of age, the chest and There are 6 and 4 black patches arranged in a figure-eight shape on the back abdomen respectively; the eyes begin to open at the age of 13 days, and in some cases at the age of 18 days; at the age of 20 to 30 days, the coat is basically full-grown, and the hair is thick and dense. The incisors can reach 4 to 5 mm; the development of the offspring begins to slow down after 100 days; by the time they are 5 to 6 months old, they are adults. Rat pups can crawl slowly when they are 13 to 15 days old; after 18 days, they will chew grass and wander around in search of food; on days 19 to 22, they will begin to eat; on days 22 to 26, they will have escaping and hiding behaviors; on days 23 to 29, they will start to hide. They begin to swim and fight with each other; they can live independently on the 30th day, and are usually weaned on the 26th to 30th day; they can mate and reproduce at the age of 6 months. Generally speaking, the best breeding age for muskrats is 1 year old. Muskrats live up to 9 years. The economic benefits of breeding muskrats are 4 to 5 years. Muskrats are multi-parity animals that breed multiple times in season.

Most of them breed in families with one male and one female, and have strong reproductive ability. Muskrats mate for the second time 2-3 days after giving birth. The overall sex ratio of the age composition of the muskrat population is that males are higher than females, that is, 57:43. The proportion of males is higher in childhood and higher in adulthood. The ratio of males seems to have a downward trend in adulthood. Adult rats (5-6 months old) can basically participate in breeding that year, but some female individuals have also been found to be pregnant at 3 months old.

1. Spring feeding and management Spring is the breeding preparation and breeding period. The southern region enters the breeding preparation period in about February and the breeding period in March; the northern region enters the breeding preparation period in about March and April. The breeding period begins in September. The management points of each period are now introduced as follows: (1) In preparation for the breeding period, conduct a comprehensive inventory of the herd to check the body condition of the breeding rats, provide water to the pool in advance, provide bedding in the foot nests, and increase the temperature in the nest cages. (10-12 degrees Celsius) to promote estrus. Check whether there is a pairing of one male and one female in the cage. For the male and female rats born last year that are not in estrus, place the light bulb 50-60 cm away from the pool cover for several hours at 6-9 pm to promote their estrus. At the same time, sufficient amounts of concentrated feed and roughage during the breeding period (mainly fresh poplar and willow branches, supplemented with cabbage, carrots and other vegetable feeds) are provided, and epidemic prevention work is done. At this time, olaquinal should be added to the concentrate before and after water supply, mixed well and fed twice. In addition, 1 male hand of vitamin powder or malt should be added to every 100 kilograms of concentrate to supplement the feed until the breeding period. (2) Breeding period: In addition to the same management as the previous period, this period mainly involves placing branches or green grass on the sports field to provide a sheltered environment, and supplementing roughage for them at any time and making their own nests. (3) During the calving and lactation period, in addition to supplementary feeding of concentrates during the breeding period, soy milk or cow or goat milk should also be used according to local conditions to ensure the normal lactation and mothering of the offspring. Nutrients required for rats to conceive through mating. The roughage that is fed depends on the season and is provided with fresh grass and branches. In addition to ensuring that there is enough fresh and tender roughage to eat, it can also be carried back into the nest to block the water hole to prevent the young mice from falling into the pool due to blind crawling. (4) Breeding period: When the rat pups are 28-30 days after giving birth, the litters should be divided in time to facilitate the birth of the second fetus and the mating and conception of the third fetus. Rats in separate litters should be raised in the same litter and provided with sufficient amounts of concentrate and palatable roughage. The bath water in the pool should be replenished at all times to prevent the mice from drowning due to being unable to crawl home. The pups can usually be grown in 3 months after being divided into litters. 2. Feeding and management in summer The management techniques in summer are almost the same as those in spring, but attention should be paid to hygiene and epidemic prevention, disinfection of the site and tools, and timely prevention and treatment of diseases if found. During the rainy season, every 10 animals should be fed 2 mg of olaquinal tablets, once every 10 days. Because muskrats are herbivores, antibiotics should be prohibited to avoid digestive system diseases caused by intestinal flora disorders. In summer, muskrat breeding, calving and raising can be carried out at the same time. Because it is a multi-parity animal, it can be bred again within a few days after giving birth. At the same time, it also needs to nurse the offspring well, and may nurse the second litter or more. bred. Therefore, the venue must be kept quiet and sufficient, clean bathing water must be provided. 3. Autumn feeding and management: Autumn management should prepare enough overwintering feed and reserve overwintering hay. In addition, the breeding muskrats are selected and matched, and the breeding rats from different litters are matched with males and females for overwintering breeding. If there is not enough room in the nest, the same nest can be raised in clusters for overwintering, and breeding and mating can be carried out until the breeding period is ready. Before entering late autumn and winter, the pool water should be replaced with fresh water every other day or several days until it freezes. 4. Management of the season. Management in winter mainly requires adequate insulation of catkins, timely feeding of fodder vegetables, and persistence in observation. The main method is to fill the pond with hay and let the muskrats dig holes in the grass to live in an orderly manner. Feed vegetables once a day, observe their activities, and keep records. Standard rations for muskrats Diet formulation is an important part of muskrat breeding. Only with reasonable feed formula can we meet the nutritional needs of muskrats in different biological periods, give full play to their production performance, improve feed utilization efficiency, and reduce feeding costs. . Principles and requirements for dietary preparation: First, when preparing a concentrate mixture, it is necessary to understand the various nutrients and their contents in the green, coarse, and juicy feeds eaten by muskrats using this concentrate mixture. , to supplement the insufficient or lacking nutrients in the feed to ensure that the animals absorb enough nutrients. Second, determine appropriate feeding standards based on the different biological stages of muskrats, and continuously improve and supplement them based on feeding practices. Third, when formulating diets, the type and quantity of existing local feed resources as well as the physical and chemical properties and nutritional value of various feeds should be considered, and try to be nutritionally comprehensive, with stable ingredients and good palatability.

The muskrat, also known as the green-rooted marten, is a small and precious fur animal. In animal and animal taxonomy, it belongs to the subphylum Vertebrates, class Mammalia, order Rodentia, subfamily Vole, family Hamsteridae, and is an amphibious herbivorous economic animal.