Planting time and method of pumpkin in northern China

Pumpkins are usually suitable for planting from February to March in the lunar calendar, that is, from Qingming to Grain Rain.

Second, the sowing method of pumpkin

1. Full-layer film laying: Arrange the ditch surface and film laying according to the waterline, and choose a single film with a width of 50 cm, or choose a film with a width of 140 cm to cover the whole ditch.

2. Seed treatment: before sowing, the withered and deformed seeds are removed and dried in the sun for 2-3 days in sunny days to enhance the viability of the seeds. After seed selection, put the seeds into warm water at 55℃ and stir continuously for 65438 05 minutes. When the water temperature drops to 30℃, soak the seeds for 3-4 hours, wipe off the mucus on the seed coat, wrap it with wet cloth, and accelerate germination at 25-30℃.

3. Opening holes for sowing: before sowing, open holes and water the soles of feet. 3-4 seeds were directly sown in each hole, covered with 2 cm sandy loam, with the hole spacing of 45-50 cm, and germinated at 25-30℃ for about 1-2 weeks.

Photo: Pumpkin seedlings

Third, the cultivation techniques of pumpkin

1. Planting: When there are 3 ~ 5 real leaves, you can choose healthy seedlings without pests and diseases to plant in sunny afternoons, each pot 1 seedling, and the planting depth shall be based on the level of cotyledons and soil surface, and water shall be applied. If it is a live broadcast, it is necessary to sparse the diseased seedlings and leave 1 seedling in each hole.

2. Fertilization: About 10 day after planting, spray 1 diluted organic fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. This plant grows rapidly after climbing vines. When there are 8 ~ 10 true leaves, topping at 1 time will promote more lateral vines. At this time, support can be set in advance. When the lateral vines are more than 50 cm long, tender shoot tips and petioles can be collected for eating. Pay attention to keep about 5 leaves, and press the remaining stems and vines with slightly larger clods to promote germination and aerial rooting. Spraying 1 times of thin decomposed organic fertilizer with nitrogen fertilizer as the main component after each picking.

3. Bracket: When vines circle the basin on the soil surface, you can drag the vines to climb the bracket to make the leaves evenly distributed and the branches do not block each other.

4. Growth: Plants enter the flowering stage after a certain stage, with male flowers as the main flowers in the early stage. When the flowers are about to bloom in the morning, you can pick the male flowers and pedicels together to eat. When the female flowers begin to grow, the top application of decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the harvesting of tender shoot tips is reduced or stopped. If necessary, artificial pollination must be carried out before 8 am. Usually, each plant can grow 3 ~ 5 melons normally (1 ~ 2 large melons can be reserved, and the number of miniature melons can be increased appropriately, depending on the plant growth). Too many young melons or female flowers should be thinned, and the stems and vines should be topped appropriately to avoid insufficient nutrient supply. Larger melons can be hung in a solid place with net bags, and melons close to the ground can be padded with foam plastic or wooden boards to isolate them from the soil.

Photo: Pumpkin seedlings

Fourth, the maintenance and management of pumpkin planting

1, intertillage weeding

Intertillage combined with weeding, from shallow to deep Be careful not to move seedlings, hurt seedlings or hurt roots when weeding. In order to promote the development of root system, soil should be cultivated on the root system during intertillage. During the whole growth period of pumpkin, intertillage weeding is usually carried out for 2 ~ 3 times. No matter what kind of operation, we should pay attention not to damage pumpkin plants and leaves during the operation.

2. Irrigation and topdressing

After pumpkin is planted, if the soil moisture is good, irrigation is generally not needed. At this stage, multiple intertillages should be carried out, and at the same time, the ground temperature should be raised and the root system development should be promoted to strengthen the seedlings. After the vines are stretched, furrow should be opened at a distance of 15 ~ 20cm for fertilization, and 500 ~ 1000kg of decomposed manure or 15 ~ 20kg of available nitrogen fertilizer can be applied per mu. After fertilization, water should be poured to prevent the available nitrogen fertilizer from burning the roots. Fertilizer topdressing should be applied less frequently, and attention should be paid to prevent root burning and fertilizer injury after fertilization.

Step 3 Trim and squeeze vines

When cultivating pumpkins, sometimes because the branches and leaves are too prosperous, it is easy to cause melon. Therefore, in general, when there are 6 ~ 8 leaves, topping promotes the occurrence of side branches. Generally, pumpkins should have at most 3 ~ 4 lateral vines, and 3 is the best. If you have special cultivation needs, you should prune and leave vines as needed.

Step 4 pollinate

If pumpkin is cultivated in facilities, artificial pollination or bee pollination can be carried out to improve the seed setting rate and yield of pumpkin and prevent stiff buds and fruits. Pumpkin flowers blooms before 6 o'clock in the morning. In order to improve pollination efficiency and fruit setting rate, pollination should be completed before 9 am.

Photo: Pumpkin

5, pest control

The main pests of pumpkin are aphids, melons and ants, and good results can be achieved by using dimethoate 1000 times solution. The concentration of 1500 ~ 2000 times can be controlled at seedling stage. The prevention and control of melon guards and ants should be carried out in the early morning when the dew is still wet, and the effect is good. It can also be controlled by imidacloprid, avermectin and other drugs, and the effect is good.

Pumpkin diseases are mainly powdery mildew and virus diseases. The occurrence of diseases directly affects the growth and development of pumpkin, leading to shortened growth period, reduced yield and quality. Aphids are the main body of viral diseases, so if you want to prevent and control viral diseases, you must treat aphids first and then prevent and control them. Symptoms of pumpkin powdery mildew: the disease mainly infects leaves, but also harms stems and petioles, and generally does not harm fruits. At the beginning of the disease, small white powder spots are produced on the front or back of the leaves, and then gradually expand into contiguous white powder spots with inconspicuous edges, as if a layer of white powder is sprinkled, which will cause the leaves to turn yellow in severe cases.