What is the relationship between crops and climate?

The growth and development of crops depends on climatic resources and is affected and restricted by climate. Favorable meteorological conditions can promote growth and development; conversely, unfavorable meteorological conditions will delay growth and development. The annual abundance and decline of various crops is largely determined by the comprehensive impact of meteorological conditions. The annual changes in main factors such as light, heat, and precipitation, as well as the conditions of cold and warm, drought and flood, dampness and humidity, as well as the suitability of various related meteorological elements, are important meteorological factors that affect the composition of crop yield and quality.

For example, rice is a temperature-loving crop. The average temperature on the day of sowing should be stable and above 10-12℃, and of course there must be sufficient water. The temperature and the amount of sunshine during the period of turning green and tillering are related to the unit area. The total number of spikes; the differentiation of young spikes to the heading and flowering stage is related to the total number of grains per spike. Of course, sometimes a relatively low temperature is conducive to the formation of large spikes; the heading and flowering stage is related to the seed setting rate. When the daily average temperature lasts for 3 consecutive days or When the temperature is lower than 22-23°C or 20°C, the seed-setting rate of hybrid rice, indica rice or japonica rice will be significantly reduced. If the maximum temperature reaches above 35°C for 3 consecutive days or more, the seed-setting rate will also be significantly lower. The grain-filling period is related to the thousand-grain weight and the temperature. Too high will cause "high temperature forced ripening", too low and insufficient grouting will lead to a decrease in thousand-kernel weight.

my country is a large agricultural country that is significantly affected by monsoon and continental climate. Affected by monsoon circulation, the southeast, south and southwest monsoons prevail in summer, carrying hot and humid air currents to the north and northwest, causing humid and rainy weather. The weather and climate provide abundant heat, water, and light resources for agricultural production; the northwest, north, and northeast monsoons prevail in winter, which are cold and dry, limiting winter agricultural production activities. In this way, crops in the north have an overwintering dormancy period, and cool-loving crops can be planted in most areas of the south in winter, although low-temperature freeze damage occasionally occurs. In areas affected by the southeast monsoon, the four seasons are distinct, while in areas affected by the southwest monsoon there are distinct dry and wet seasons. The monsoon climate constitutes a planting system in which agricultural production is mostly concentrated in the warm season, or warm-loving crops and cool-loving crops are matched with each other due to seasonal changes. In addition, due to differences in the spatial and temporal distribution of heat, moisture, light, etc., agricultural production has obvious regional characteristics. The southeast monsoon area is mainly based on planting or aquaculture, with poultry and livestock raising; the arid and semi-arid areas in the northwest are Mainly animal husbandry and dry farming or irrigated agriculture. The differences in monsoon activity range, advance and retreat, and influence time and degree result in great differences in heat and precipitation. There are also obvious regional differences in agricultural types, crop types, maturity, farming systems, and industrial structures. Generally speaking, the continental nature of the climate weakens from north to south, the daily and annual temperature ranges decrease from large to small, the sunshine hours in the summer half of the year decrease from more to less, and the protein and sugar content of some crop products decrease from north to south. , thus also forming regional differences in quality.