Related to the Eighteen Tang Emperor Mausoleums in Guanzhong

The Huiling Mausoleum of Emperor Rang of the Tang Dynasty, Li Xian, refers to Li Xian, the eldest son of Li Dan, Emperor Ruizhong of the Tang Dynasty. Because he gave way to his younger brother, Xuanzong Li Longji, he was called Emperor Rang in history. Huiling is located in Sanhe Village, Sanhe Township, four kilometers northwest of Pucheng County. The locals call it "Brother's Tomb". This mausoleum was not built according to the mountain. Instead, the tomb was raised on the ground, with a tomb below and an earthen tomb above. It was surrounded by a flat area, facing south and facing north. It was in the shape of a cone. The tomb was 14 meters high and 80 meters in circumference at the bottom. The original pair of Huabiao, Zhuque and Tianma, and ten pairs of stone figures no longer exist. Huiling Cemetery is rectangular, about 1,000 meters long from north to south and about 800 meters wide from east to west. There are Tuque ruins outside the south and north gates, about 7 meters high. The mausoleum wall is made of rammed earth, and the wall base is about 2 meters wide. The temples and other architectural remains in the mausoleum are still there. Green cypress trees were once planted around the mausoleum, and it was commonly known as "Cypress City". Most of the people surrounded it, but it was cut down during the Republic of China. Among the tombs buried in Huiling are the Gonghou Yuan family, Prince Li Wangxun of Tongan County, Prince Li Lin of Sining, as well as Princess Cai and Princess Huo. Nowadays, most of the tombs have been razed. It is now a provincial key cultural relic protection unit. In 2001, the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau conducted a rescue excavation at Huiling and unearthed many cultural relics.

Li Xian was the eldest son of Tang Ruizong. When Ruizhong Li Dan ascended the throne for the first time, Li Xian was established as the crown prince. Soon after, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, Ruizong was forced to step down, and Li Xian subsequently withdrew from the position of crown prince. After Ruizong ascended the throne for the second time, Li Xian, as the eldest son, "unprecedentedly" gave up the position of crown prince to Li Longji, who quelled the rebellion of Empress Wei, and wholeheartedly supported his younger brother, which won the respect of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. and affection. He died at the age of 63. He was posthumously named "Emperor Rang" by Xuanzong and was buried as an emperor. There are no buildings on the ground of Huiling now, only a bucket-shaped earth mound remains. Although it has gone through thousands of years of wind and rain, its charm still remains. On both sides of the Shinto remain a fragment of a stone ornate watch and a stone winged horse body. In 2001, with the strong cooperation of the local government and cultural relics departments, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archeology conducted a rescue excavation of the Tang Huiling Mausoleum. The entire tomb is 60 meters long and about 12 meters high from the bottom of the tomb to the surface. In the 41st year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1776 AD), Bi Yuan, who was the governor of Shaanxi at the time, ordered the 80-foot wall of Huiling to be built, and a stele "Huiling of Emperor Rang of the Tang Dynasty" was erected in front of the mausoleum. The current state of the mausoleum is an overturned bucket-shaped tomb that is 150 meters long, 90 meters wide, and about 14 meters high. The stone carvings on the ground were severely damaged. After liberation, a pair of stone lions and stone horses still existed. After the Cultural Revolution, only the remains of the stone horses on the west side (buried underground) were left, and a Chinese watch broken into three parts was buried underground on the east side. In addition, there are Tuque ruins outside Zhuque Gate and Xuanwu Gate, about 7 meters high, juxtaposed from east to west, and there are obvious remains of mausoleum buildings and mausoleum walls. Shunling is now a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Hanjia Village, Dizhang Town, Weicheng District, 20 kilometers northeast of Xianyang City. The tomb of Yang, the mother of Wu Zetian. Yang died in the first year of Xianheng (670) and was buried with royal rites. In the first year of Tianshou (690), Wu Zetian proclaimed herself emperor, and her mother was posthumously named Empress Xiaoming Gao, and the tomb was renamed the mausoleum. In 1961, the State Council of the People's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The cemetery is slightly rectangular in plan, covering an area of ​​1.1 million square meters, and has an inner city and an outer city. The outer city is 1,264 meters long from north to south and 866 meters wide from east to west. There are two earthen gates parallel to the main entrance in the south, 50 meters apart. The inner city, also known as the Imperial City, is located in the north of the outer city. The south wall is 286 meters long, the east wall is 291 meters long, the west wall is 294 meters long, and the north wall is 282 meters long. There are two earthen gates facing each other in the middle section of the south wall, 22 meters apart. The city wall is made of rammed earth and is 1.9 to 2.2 meters wide.

The mausoleum is located slightly west of the northern part of the inner city. The bottom of the tomb is square in plane, with each side 48.5 meters long and 12.6 meters high. The tomb passage is slope-shaped, 28.5 meters long and 2 meters wide. The walls of both tomb passages are painted with lime and painted with murals. Shunling is the tomb of Yang, the mother of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, located in the north of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province today. One of the national key cultural relics protection units. Shunling has four gates in the north, south, east and west. There are a pair of standing lions and a pair of Tianlu (deer) left at the south gate; a pair of seated lions and a pair of pommel horses at the north gate; there are also seated lions left at the east and second gates. Among them, the sculptures of the standing lion and the seated lion are the most magnificent. The standing lion is about 2.5 meters tall, with wide eyes, a big nose and a wide mouth, and protruding chest muscles, as if it is marching with its head held high. The seated lion is about three meters high and is the largest among the stone lions in the past. It has an open mouth and tongue and protruding muscles. The forelimbs and feet are particularly solid and thick, effectively exaggerating the lion's majestic image. The entire stone carving is exquisitely carved, powerful and impressive. It shows the grand style of stone carving art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There are 34 stone carvings in the cemetery, most of which are listed in front of the mausoleum, including Chinese watches, unicorns, stone lions, stone figures, and stone sheep. There are stone lions and horses behind the mausoleum. There are stone lions on the east and west sides.

The stone carvings are all carved from a single piece of bluestone, with lifelike images and vivid gestures. There are line carvings around the stone base, among which the unicorns and walking lions in front of the mausoleum are particularly exquisite. There was a stone tablet originally erected in front of the mausoleum, but it no longer exists. There is a ruins outside the south gate of the imperial city. There are broken bricks and tiles around it. It should be the ruins after the stele was destroyed and the pavilion collapsed.