Twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar
The twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar are developed on the basis of four seasons and eight festivals. The turn of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties has been divided into four seasons, and the Spring and Autumn Period has been divided into eight sections. By the end of the Warring States period, a complete system of 24 solar terms had been formed (the astronomical position had been determined). Twenty-four solar terms are the basis for the lunar calendar to determine the name of the month and set up a leap month, and are also the main basis for agricultural activities. Solar terms are determined by the position of the sun and reflect the apparent motion of the sun. The twenty-four solar terms in taichu calendar, which was formulated in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, played a very important role, and clearly defined the month without neutral atmosphere as leap month. Later, the calendar was transformed into three calendars by Liu Xin in the late Western Han Dynasty. After several improvements, the basic form remained unchanged.
The time required for the sun to travel from zero degrees along the ecliptic to 15 degrees is called a solar term. It runs 360 degrees every year and * * * experiences 24 solar terms.
Twelve festivals:
Beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, heavy snow and slight cold.
Twelve qi:
Rain, Spring Equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, Summer Solstice, Great Summer, Early Summer, Autumn Equinox, Early Frost, Light Snow, Winter Solstice, Great Cold.
"Festival" and "Qi" appear alternately, each lasting about 15 days, which are collectively called "solar terms".
The twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar reflect the visual movement of the sun in one year and are an inseparable part of the lunar calendar.
Gregorian calendar is a kind of solar calendar. Because it describes the apparent motion of the same sun, it seems that the date of solar terms is basically fixed on the Gregorian calendar, fluctuating for a day or two at most. But the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar are an inseparable part of the lunar calendar, not belonging to the solar calendar, but to the lunar calendar. Beginning of spring's first lunar month festival: Starting immediately, beginning of spring is beginning of spring. The sun passes through the ecliptic at 3 15 degrees to indicate beginning of spring, especially beginning of spring. Beginning of spring is the first solar term in a year. Spring began, plants began to sprout and farmers began to sow.
Rain in the first month: it began to rain, and the rain gradually increased. The sun passes through the yellow meridian for 330 degrees for rain. Rain originally meant that ice and snow melted into water. "Agricultural Book" said: "When the door refers to rain, the east thaws, and the frozen snow turns into water and turns into rain, hence the name rain." The rainy season is the time when everything flourishes and plants sprout.
February sting festival: sting means hiding. Sting refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which awakens the hibernating animals in the soil. The sun's 345-degree passage through the yellow meridian is a sting. As the weather gets warmer, dormant insects wake up one after another. The season has entered mid-spring, peach blossoms are red and pear blossoms are white, warblers sing and birds fly high. Spring thunder is a common natural phenomenon in this festival.
Equinox in mid-February: Equinox means equal share. The vernal equinox means that day and night are equally divided. The sun crosses the yellow meridian at zero, which is the vernal equinox. The vernal equinox is the middle of spring. Beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter indicate the beginning of the four seasons. The vernal equinox, summer solstice, slight summer heat and winter solstice are in the middle of each season. At the vernal equinox, the sun shines directly on the equator, and the time between day and night on the earth is equal, so the vernal equinox and autumn equinox are also called "day and night equinox".
Qingming March Festival: It's sunny and lush. Tomb-Sweeping Day in the Lunar New Year is Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the sun passes through the 15, the weather is fine, which means the weather is sunny and warm, the air is fresh and the vegetation is lush. Tomb-Sweeping Day has folk customs such as climbing mountains, eating cold food and sweeping graves. As the saying goes, "Snow breaks in Qingming Festival and frost breaks in Grain Rain".
Grain Rain, mid-March: Rain makes a hundred valleys. With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive. The sun crosses the Yellow River at 30, and farmers grow grain for rain. Grain Rain is the last solar term in spring. At this time, just after planting seedlings in the field and planting new crops, we need plenty of rain to irrigate and moisten. As the saying goes, "Rain gives birth to a hundred valleys". With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive.
April Festival in Long Summer: the beginning of summer. The sun crosses the 45-degree meridian of the Yellow River, and it is a long summer in long summer. There is an old saying: "The long summer is small and full, and the rain is coming." . Long summer is a rainy season. Legend has it that ancient kings often went to the southern suburbs of Beijing to welcome summer on this day.
Xiaoman in mid-April: the seeds of summer crops such as wheat begin to be full, so it is called Xiaoman. The sun is complete when it passes through the ecliptic at 60 degrees. At this time, the rice, wheat and other crops in the field gradually headed, looking plump and full, just waiting for maturity. The cultivators saw hard work and hard work, and soon had a bumper harvest, so they described this solar term as Xiaoman.
May awning festival: wheat and other crops with awns mature. The sun passes through the yellow meridian at an angle of 75 degrees, which is a mountain. This solar term has entered a typical summer, with hot weather and mature crops such as wheat. In most areas, the mid-season rice has entered the green stage, and the seedlings are green and full of vitality. Mango is approaching the Dragon Boat Festival.
Summer solstice in mid-May: The hot summer is coming. This is the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere. On the summer solstice, the sun passes through the yellow meridian at a 90-degree angle. On the solstice of summer, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, which is the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere. After the summer solstice, the ground is heated strongly and the air convection is strong, and thunderstorms often form in the afternoon to evening.
June Festival: Summer means heat. Slight summer is hot weather, but it is not the hottest time yet. The sun passes through the ecliptic at an angle of 105 degrees, indicating that it is a little hot in summer. It's midsummer, and it's quite hot, but it's not the hottest time yet.
June: the hottest time of the year. The sun 120 crosses the Yellow Meridian, which is the hottest solar term in a year, and the weather is extremely hot.
July Festival in beginning of autumn: The Beginning of Autumn. The sun passes through the yellow meridian 135 degrees, and it will be beginning of autumn in autumn. Beginning of autumn is the first sound of solar terms entering cool autumn. After the summer heat, summer went to Qiu Lai, and the sequence went to beginning of autumn, indicating that the hot and difficult summer is coming and the cool and comfortable autumn is coming.
Mid-July: Place means to stop and hide. Summer is the end of hot summer. The sun 150 passes through the yellow meridian, and the summer heat gradually disappears into summer heat. Autumn has come, and the summer heat has subsided, so it is called summer heat.
Bailu August Festival: The weather turns cold and the dew turns white. The sun passes through the yellow meridian at 165 degrees, which is white dew. At this time, the temperature dropped, the weather turned cold, and there were dew on the vegetation in the morning.
Mid-August autumnal equinox: divided equally between day and night. The sun 180 degrees passes through the yellow meridian, and the sun shines directly at the equator again in the autumn equinox. The autumnal equinox is a solar term symbolizing seasonal changes. On the autumnal equinox, the length of day and night is equal all over the world. The weather has cooled down, so-called "an autumn rain and a cold".
Cold dew September Festival: The dew is cold and will freeze. When the sun passes through the yellow meridian 195 degrees, the cold water vapor gradually condenses into frost at night, which is for the sake of cold dew. Folk proverbs often say, "cold dew wheat, frost beans first."
The first frost in mid-September: the weather is getting colder and frosty. In the first frost, the sun passes through the yellow meridian at 2 10 degrees. The first frost is the last solar term in autumn.
Beginning of winter October Festival: the beginning of winter. The sun passes through 225 degrees of the yellow meridian, and the time sequence begins to enter winter, so it is called beginning of winter. As the saying goes, "On the day of beginning of winter, the water began to freeze, and the ground began to freeze".
1light snow in mid-October: it began to snow. The sun crosses the Yellow River at 240, and the climate is cold, and the precipitation form gradually evolves from rain to snow.
Snowy November Festival: The possibility of snowfall increases, and snow appears on the ground. At that time, people thought that the sun reached 255 degrees on the ecliptic. "Twenty-four solar terms" said: "At this time, the snow is abundant." Heavy snow means colder weather, and the possibility of snowfall is greater than that of light snow. This doesn't mean that there must be a lot of snowfall.
1 1 Mid-month winter solstice: the cold winter is coming. This is the shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere. In winter solstice, the sun passes through the yellow meridian at 270 degrees. The winter solstice sun shines on the tropic of Capricorn, so the northern hemisphere has the shortest days and the longest nights. From winter to the future, the direct point of the sun moves northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually become longer.
Slight Cold December Festival: The climate is cold, but it has not yet reached the coldest time. The sun is slightly cold at 285 degrees above the Yellow Meridian. After the solstice in winter, the weather is getting colder and colder. Although the slight cold season is cold, it is not the coldest, so it is called "slight cold".
December cold: the coldest time of the year. The sun crosses the yellow meridian at 300, and the climate is cold because of the great cold. In the middle of winter, the weather becomes very cold, which is the coldest time of the year, so this solar term is called "Great Cold".