Information on Badaling Great Wall
The Badaling Great Wall
The Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of the Guangou Ancient Road in Jundushan, Yanqing County, Beijing. Known in history as one of the Nine Fortresses in the World, it is the essence of the Great Wall and is uniquely representative among the Great Walls of the Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall Tower
This section of the Great Wall is steep and condescending. It was an important military pass in the Ming Dynasty and an important barrier for the capital Beijing. Badaling has a superior geographical environment and has been an important transportation route to Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Zhangjiakou since ancient times. In 1998, the Badaling Expressway was completed and opened to traffic, making transportation very convenient. Moreover, Badaling's annual average temperature is more than 3°C lower than Beijing, making it the tourism leader of Yanqing, the "summer capital". The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, China's first trunk railway line built under the leadership of Mr. Zhan Tianyou, a patriotic engineer, passes through here and sets up a station here. Existing Beijing suburban tourist trains stop at Badaling Railway Station. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Highway passes through the city gate and is the throat to Beijing. From the left and right sides of the "North Gate Lock and Key" tower, the Great Wall stretches out with ups and downs, twists and turns. The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is 6,700 kilometers long and is one of the great ancient buildings in the world. The Badaling Great Wall has a trapezoidal gate that is narrow in the east and wide in the west. It was built in the 18th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505), and was repaired during the Jiajing and Wanli years. Guancheng has two east and west gates. The east gate has the inscription "Juyongwai Town" on its forehead, which was engraved in the 18th year of Jiajing (1539); the west gate has the inscription "North Gate Lock and Key" on its forehead, which was engraved in the 10th year of Wanli (1582). Both gates are of masonry structure, with a platform above the arch. There are passages to the north and south of the platform, connecting the city walls of Guancheng, and crenelations are built around the platform. The Badaling Great Wall is reflected in the maple leaves (13 photos) Overlooking the Badaling Great Wall
The Badaling Great Wall is an important outpost of Juyong Pass. It was said in ancient times that "the danger of Juyong is not in the pass but in Badaling." The Badaling section of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty is the most essential section of the Great Wall. It is majestic, steep, beautiful and green. The "Yuguan Moat" is one of the eight scenic spots in Juyongguan in the Ming Dynasty. After Guancheng and part of the city wall were restored in 1953, it was turned into a tourist area. After many renovations, the area available for sightseeing reaches 3,741 meters, including 1,176 meters in the south section and 2,565 meters in the north section. There are 16 enemy towers in total. In March 1961, "The Great Wall - Badaling" was identified as one of the first batch of national cultural relics protection units; in 1982, it was listed as a national key scenic spot; in 1986, it was rated as the top ten scenic spots in the country; in 1987, it was listed by the United Nations UNESCO was included in the "World Cultural Heritage List"; in 1992, it was rated first among the "Beijing Tourism World's Best"; in 1995, the Badaling Great Wall was named the "National Patriotism Education Base" by the China Care for the Next Generation Working Committee. . From 2000 to 2009, more than 500 heads of state, heads of government or leaders of ruling parties from around the world climbed the Badaling Great Wall. On May 8, 2007, the Badaling Great Wall was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction.
Badaling has been an important military strategic location since ancient times. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in order to defend against the intrusion of northern ethnic groups, the Badaling Great Wall
The Great Wall was built here. The remaining walls and piers are still visible today. The remains of the platform are roughly the same as the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. Badaling is a mountain pass with many peaks and peaks in the Jundu Mountain. "Chang'an Night Talk" of the Ming Dynasty said: "The road divides from here and extends in all directions, so it is named Badaling. It is the highest in Guanshan." This shows Badaling's geographical strategic position. The Badaling Great Wall is part of the Great Wall, a great defense project in ancient my country. It was built in the 18th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505). It took more than 80 years to build the Badaling Great Wall, and the famous anti-Japanese general Qi Jiguang was transferred to the north. Command the defense of the Great Wall. After more than 80 years of construction, the Badaling Great Wall has become a strict defense system with connected city gates, facing each other with piers and fortresses, heavy city guards, and beacon fire alarms. Historically, the Badaling Great Wall was the gateway to protect the Juyong Pass. From the Badaling Great Wall to today's south entrance, there is a 40-mile-long canyon in the middle. The Guan City "Juyong Pass" was built in the canyon. Therefore, this canyon was named "Guangou", and the real Great Wall Night Scene (11 photos) What is blocking the pass is the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling is the highest point at the northern end of Guangou. Here, two peaks confront each other, one opens in the middle, and the situation is extremely dangerous.
The ancients said that "looking down at Juyongguan from Badaling is like building a collar, or looking into a well" and "the danger of Juyong is not in Guancheng, but in Badaling". It can be seen that Juyongguan was just a pass at that time, and the real Great Wall was built in Badaling. The special terrain of Badaling Pass has become a battleground for military strategists of all ages. Therefore, the construction of the Great Wall here is of extremely important strategic significance. Badaling is the witness of many major events in history. After the first emperor Qin Shihuang came to Jieshi in the east, he took the road from Badaling to Datong and then drove back to Xianyang. Empress Dowager Xiao's inspection tour, Yuan Taizu's entry into the customs, the Yuan Dynasty emperor traveling between Beijing and Shangdu twice a year, the Ming Dynasty emperor's Northern Expedition, Li Zicheng's capture of Beijing, the Qing emperor's personal expedition... Badaling is a place that must be passed through. In modern history, Cixi fled to Badaling in tears, Zhan Tianyou presided over the construction of China's first independently built railway in Badaling, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, and Dr. Sun Yat-sen climbed the Badaling Great Wall. They left many historical allusions and precious historical memories. Historical place.
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Badaling was originally a pass, and later the city was built. From the third year of Longqing's reign (1569) to the tenth year of Wanli's reign (1582) in the Ming Dynasty, barriers were built at each entrance, and border cities, top walls, horse-blocking walls, etc. were built on the mountains on both sides of each entrance. Later, they were gradually added to the Great Wall. And build watchtowers and piers. It starts from Sichuan Caohuading, passes through the entrance of Shifosi, the east entrance of Qinglong Bridge, the west entrance of Qinglong Bridge, the entrance of Wangguayu, the entrance of Badaling, the entrance of Huamuliang, the entrance of Yujiachong, and the entrance of Heidou Valley to Shixiayu, with a total length of about 12,000 kilometers. rice. The Badaling Great Wall, Guancheng, city walls, fortresses and Juyongguan in the middle of Guangou constituted the complete military defense system of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty.
Chadao City
Chadao City
Near the Badaling Railway Station, there is a large, majestic and sturdy castle. This is the "North Gate Key" pass. The city’s outpost headquarters—Chadao City. According to "Juyong Zhilue": "Badaling is the forbidden area of Juyong, and the fork road is the barrier of Badaling." At that time, there were three "General Managers" and 800 troops stationed, which played a very important military defense role in the Badaling Great Wall.
Ancient cannons
On display next to the horse path at the entrance to the city in Badalingguan City, there are five iron cannons, which are the ancient cannons at that time
One of the advanced weapons. The largest one has a barrel length of 2.85 meters, a caliber of 105 mm, a range of more than 1,000 meters, and is very powerful. The cannon is engraved with the words "Edict bestowed upon the mighty general" and was made in the 11th year of Chongzhen (1638) in the Ming Dynasty. The gun was transported from Zhangbao, more than ten miles east of Badaling, in 1958. The other four corbeled cannons were unearthed cultural relics during the renovation of the Great Wall in 1957. Hundreds of cannonballs were also unearthed, all of which were made in the Ming Dynasty. According to the Records of Military Preparation: "In ancient times, a machine was used to fire stones, and the wooden frame of the machine was shaped like a squatting tiger. Later, artillery was used, with a short and thick barrel to fire projectiles. It was called a squatting tiger cannon, commonly known as a frog cannon." This shows that the condition of weapons at that time was average.
Guancheng
There is a temple outside the east gate of Guancheng in Badaling, the famous Wangjing Temple. Inside there is a statue of the Great Compassion Buddha carved from rock. There is an archway outside the west gate with the inscription " Drive thousands of miles." In the 18th year of Hongzhi (1505), when Wu Guanyi, the Shaoqing of Dali Temple who was in charge of the border affairs, built Guancheng, the temple and the archway were demolished. There are east and west gates in Guancheng. The lower part of the west city wall is built with more than 10 layers of granite strips and the upper part is built with large city bricks. The wall is more than 20 meters wide, 17 meters thick, and 7.8 meters high. The top is a rectangular city platform, 19.8 meters long, 14.15 meters wide, covering an area of 280.17 square meters, with wall crenellations built on all sides. On both sides of the city platform, 30 to 40 meters apart, a watch tower was built on each side, connected by walls, forming a corner with the city. The two sides of the west city wall are connected by the south and north walls. Both walls are built on the ridge, low in the east and high in the west, forming a U shape and meeting at the east gate. The city wall is 3.3 meters thick, 2070 meters in circumference, and 7.6 meters high. The east and west gates are 63.9 meters apart, and the city covers an area of about 5,000 square meters. The east gate was established in the eighteenth year of Jiajing (1539), with the inscription "Juyongwai Town" written on the forehead; the west gate was established in the tenth year of Wanli, with the inscription "North Gate Lock and Key" written on the forehead, both of which are well preserved.
City Wall
Badaling City Wall
The Badaling Great Wall is 6 to 9 meters high, trapezoidal in plan, 6.5 to 7.5 meters wide at the bottom, and 4.5 to 5.8 meters wide at the top. . Most of the tops of the walls are wide and flat, allowing "five horses to ride abreast, and ten people to ride side by side"; in the Qinglong Bridge area, the mountains are steep and the slopes are dangerous, and the tops of the walls are narrow, with the narrowest point being only more than 2 meters. The center line of the city wall is on the outside, with the outside wall being high and the inside wall being low. Both sides of the wall are wrapped with granite stone strips. The stone strips are 0.5 meters wide, 0.4 meters high, and 0.8 to 1 meter long. The longest stone strip is 3.1 meters long and weighs 1.5 to 1.7 tons. Regardless of whether it is a steep hillside or a gentle area, the stone strips are built horizontally layer by layer, criss-crossed, horizontally and vertically, and interlocked into one body, with mortar poured into the joints. Fill the walls with soil and stones and pound them firmly with tampers. The walls are made of 3 to 4 layers of city bricks, with lime plaster bonding and grouting joints. The city surface is paved with wall bricks to make the top of the wall flat. The wall bricks are 0.4 meters long, 0.2 meters wide and 0.1 meters thick. Each brick weighs 15 kilograms. In steep areas with large slopes, stairways are built to facilitate going up and down. There are low brick walls on both sides of the top of the wall. The outer side is called battlements or stacked walls, and the inner side is called Yuqiang or parapet. The crenellated wall is for facing the enemy. The height of the wall is 1.7 to 2 meters, which is convenient for protecting the human body. Crenels are usually built at the height of the human body's chest, and the distance between the crenellations is about 1 meter. The bricks at the crenel mouth are specially made, one side is beveled, and they are stacked on the mouth. They are fan-shaped, wide on the outside and narrow on the inside, giving a large viewing surface. There is a lookout hole on the upper part of the stack. There are perforations in the lower part of the wall for shooting arrows and throwing rocks. Some of the perforations and lookout holes have patterns carved on the brick surfaces. The inner wall is about 1 meter high. Duo walls and Yu walls are both built with city bricks, and a layer of ridge bricks is used on the top of the wall. The ridge bricks are low on both sides and high in the middle, or high on the inside and low on the outside to facilitate drainage. A walled lane is formed at the top of the city wall, with small water troughs built at the base of the walls on both sides. The accumulated water flows along the water trough to the lower part of the lower wall. The water is led through the water outlet to the spout outside the wall and flows out of the city wall. The spit is a stone trough more than 1 meter long, located on the inside of the Great Wall and extending beyond the wall. Every certain distance, there is an entrance to the city wall at the lower part. The entrance is a coupon door, 1.8 meters high and 0.8 meters wide. The door frame is assembled with four stones of the same specifications. There are stone steps inside the door leading to the top of the city wall. Where the city wall crosses streams and sandy rivers, bricks are used to form water gates. Some are as big as city gates, such as the water gate of Shifo Temple; some are smaller, like a bridge, and the city wall passes over the bridge. There is a gate left when the city wall passes through the path, which can be accessed during normal times, but is blocked during war.
Watch Towers
The Badaling Great Wall Watch Towers shrouded in mist
There are 43 watch towers on the Badaling Great Wall, all of similar shapes but with different characteristics, including The wall platform used for patrolling and sentrying also has two layers of enemy towers, upper and lower. The upper layer is surrounded by crenels and shooting holes, and the lower layer is a building for soldiers to stay and store supplies. The distance between the forts depends on the mountains and terrain. Generally, a watchtower has two floors, 10 meters high and 10 meters long and wide. It is all made of masonry. There are many arches on the top of the first and second floors, and there are stairs up and down. There are shooting ports, lookout ports and water spouts on both floors. There are crenels on the upper floor. The platform protrudes outside the wall and the wall is closed inside the platform. 16 watchtowers including the South 4th Floor, North 4th Floor and North 5th Floor have been restored. Badaling Great Wall Snow Scene
①The fourth floor of the south and north. Located on the south and north peaks of Guancheng, there are four watchtowers in the south and north respectively. It is the earliest area open to tours. The relative height difference between the two peaks is large and the slope is steep. The watchtowers stand in sequence from low to high, echoing each other from north to south. From Guancheng to the fourth floor in the south, the city wall is 685.8 meters long and rises 127 meters in height, averaging 1 meter every 6 meters. Between the third and fourth floors, the mountain is steep, the city wall meanders about 500 meters, and the slope reaches 70 degrees at the most dangerous point. From Guancheng to the North Fourth Floor, the city wall is 767.5 meters long and rises 155 meters in height. It is longer than the south peak, but gentler than the south peak. After passing the third floor, it is in the shape of a saddle. First go down to the saddle and then go up to the fourth floor. There are more than 100 steps in this section. These eight watchtowers and the Great Wall between them were restored in the 1950s. The four watch towers on the North Peak were originally two-story, but only three have been restored. The upper floor of the third tower has not been restored. The upper floors of the first and second towers on the South Peak have not been restored either. The original pavilions on the third floor of the South Peak are still there, but the pillar base remains. recovery. Each building originally had an inscribed stone tablet recording the construction process, but it no longer exists, leaving only the tablet base. The hinges of some watchtower gates and the holes for the door bars are vaguely visible. ②North fifth floor. The watchtower with the most holes.
The building is 9.25 meters long and 9.34 meters wide, with two floors. Entering the first floor from the coupon door, there are many coupon holes inside, with 4 rows of brick stacks on each side, and each stack is connected with a coupon top arch. There are more than 30 coupon holes supporting the ground of the second floor. ③North 6th floor. The largest watchtower in area. The building is 12.6 meters long and 8.5 meters wide, with a ground floor area of about 100 square meters. There are 7 rows of brick stacks on the long side and 4 rows on the wide side. The tops of the stacks are issued with coupons, forming a square corridor-shaped coupon path, with a space left in the middle to form a rectangular patio. You can climb the stairs from the patio to the roof. ④North eighth floor. At an altitude of 888 meters, it is the highest watchtower on the Badaling Great Wall. It is the best place to overlook the Great Wall, so it is also called the Sun View Tower. There are two floors in the building, and there are stairs to go up. There are 6 arrow windows on the first floor facing the enemy, ranking first in the number of enemy towers. The distance from Guancheng Platform to the North Eighth Floor Great Wall is more than 1,500 meters, with a relative height of 228 meters. ⑤Built a watchtower with shops. Two of the newly restored watchtowers have pavilions. One is on the tenth floor in the north, and the other is on the sixth floor in the south. The bungalow is a two-story hut with a hard top and carved windows and red columns.
Punty
Badaling Great Wall Beacon Tower
Also known as the beacon tower. There is a pier on each of the east and west mountains outside the Badaling Great Wall. The piers and platforms are all five feet high, and a small city is built around them, one foot and five feet high. There are hanging towers and ramparts on top, trenches and suspension bridges on the bottom, and cellar traps on the outside. A water tank is placed on the doorway to hold ice in winter and water in summer. There are no steps, and rope ladders are used to go up and down. Each platform has muskets, 2 artillery, and 10 guards. It is defended by the garrison of the nearby castle and forms a deep defense network with the castle. In the second year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1466), the method of raising beacons was stipulated, that is, if the enemy comes with more than 100 people, one beacon and one cannon; if there are more than 500 people, two beacons and two cannons; if there are more than 1,000 people, three beacons and three cannons; if there are more than 5,000 people, four beacons and four cannons; if there are more than 5,000 people, four beacons and four cannons; There are five beacons and five cannons for more than one person.
Chengtai
Also known as wall platform. It refers to a platform-shaped building slightly higher than the top of the Great Wall, surrounded by battlements, crenels, shooting holes and other platforms. This is where ancient soldiers patrolled and guarded, and where they defended themselves in the event of war. For example, the platform on top of Badalingguan City Gate is the city platform.
Battle platforms
Built in the traffic arteries or dangerous terrain along the Great Wall, they are bunker-style buildings with one, two or three floors and vary in size. Weapons, ammunition and other strategic materials can be stored inside, which is more useful than a watchtower. According to the Records of Four Towns and Three Passes written by Liu Xiaozu of the Ming Dynasty, under the planning and supervision of Qi Jiguang, 1,200 enemy towers and battle towers were built along the Great Wall from Shanhaiguan to Beijing (the original plan was to build 3,000 seat). When a war breaks out, on the enemy's platform, you can "come down from above and use firearms, French guns, and double-deck cannons to strike more frequently", and "replace the weapons with artillery when they are exhausted." A battle platform generally requires 30 people to guard the platform, 30 people to guard the stacks, divided into 6 teams, and 300 kilograms of gunpowder. In addition, there are magic arrows, iron rods, and thousands of large and small stones on the battlefield, as well as a month's worth of food and water. This kind of battle platform facility, which is "made more refined over time, and becomes more skillful with practice", can be used both for attack and defense, and can be closely coordinated with military facilities such as city towers and enemy towers (enemy towers) on the Great Wall to form a The dense firepower network greatly enhances combat power, effectively blocks enemy cavalry attacks, and plays a very important strategic and tactical role in military defense.
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Wangjing Stone
It is located outside the east gate of Badaling Guancheng, on the south side of Guanmenqian Avenue in "Juyongwai Town". It is a natural granite 1 meter high and 15 meters long, with the words "Wangjing Stone" engraved on it.
The inscription on the natural barrier
It is located inside the Dongmen Gate, on the cliff above and to the right of the present Bear Paradise. On a chiseled cliff, there is an inscription with the word "Tian Danger", which was inscribed by Tong En, the magistrate of Yanqing Prefecture in the 15th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1835), and engraved by Liu Zhenzong of Baoyang.
Tanqin Gorge
Located at the foot of Wugui (Ghost) Mountain, it is one of the scenic spots in Guangou.
Shifo Temple
is located next to Tanqin Gorge. It was first built in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. It was named after the statue of the Great Compassion Buddha carved out of stone.
Chadao City
Pictures of Chadao City
It is located outside the lock key gate of the north gate of Badaling Guancheng. The construction of the Chadao Tucheng began in the 30th year of Jiajing, and the wall bricks were laid outside the 5th year of Longqing.
According to historical records, "The female wall of the city is three feet and five feet high and has a circumference of two miles and thirteen steps. It is the fence of Badaling." The city is rectangular from east to west and has three gates. Because the ground is sandy and rocky, the walls are often damaged by flash floods. In June of the 54th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1715), a flood collapsed the southwest corner of the city. Later, embankments were built to divert the flow and the city wall was repaired. The west gate and the south city still exist. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were more than a thousand residents here, and commerce was developed. It was a distribution center for goods on the fortress and within the pass, and was known as the "Autumn Wind on the Forked Road". In the south of the city, there is the Ming Dynasty stone "Sightseeing Monument" and a clear spring. 20 meters northwest of the city, there is the "Mass Grave", a memorial site for the victims massacred by the Japanese invaders. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Highway pass through the south of the city.
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Great Wall Museum
With the theme of the Great Wall, it comprehensively reflects the history, politics, military, economy and culture of the Great Wall. Museum Badaling Great Wall Museum of China
. Located outside Badalingguan City, it was completed and opened in 1994. There are 9 exhibition halls in the whole museum, with an exhibition area of more than 3,000 square meters. There are many special topics on display, among which "The Great Wall through the Past Dynasties" shows the basic context of the creation and development of the Great Wall; "The Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty" and "Construction of Armaments" show the origin and process of building the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty, the setting and distribution of military towns, and the architectural structure of the Great Wall and the layout and equipment of weapons and defense facilities; "Economic and Cultural Exchanges" reproduce the historical fact of long-term common development, mutual exchange and integration of all ethnic groups inside and outside the Great Wall; "Treasure House of National Art" shows that the Great Wall is the traditional culture and art of the Chinese nation for thousands of years The culmination of "Love China, Build the Great Wall" shows the country's care and protection for the Great Wall. The exhibition gathers cultural relics and specimens unearthed from various places along the Great Wall, supplemented by detailed historical documents, photos, and models for explanation. It also uses some high-tech technologies and modern display methods such as sound, light, and electricity, which is different from existing domestic displays. Displays in the Great Wall Thematic Museum.
Great Wall Cinema
The first surround-screen cinema in China. It is located next to the Great Wall Museum and 200 meters from the entrance to the Great Wall. It covers an area of 1,800 square meters and has a construction area of 960 square meters. The theater is divided into three floors: upper, middle and lower. The main part is a full-circumference movie auditorium with a diameter of 20 meters and a height of 7.5 meters. There are 9 huge screens and all-round stereo sound, and the auditorium can accommodate 500 people at the same time. It mainly screens the 360-degree surround-screen movie "The Great Wall". The film shows the audience the history of the Great Wall through the monuments, war scenes, historical stories, folklore, spring, summer, autumn and winter scenery of the Great Wall spanning more than 6,000 kilometers from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west. and current situation.
Chinese Cultural Celebrities Sculpture Memorial Garden
It is located on the southwest side of the Badaling Shuiguan Great Wall. The ashes, relics and sculptures of nine cultural celebrities, including Bing Xin, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Xia Yan, Tian Han, Xu Beihong, Guo Moruo, Cao Yu and Wu Wenzao, are placed in the park. Among them, the tombs of Bing Xin and Wu Wenzao are located on the top of a hill adjacent to the Great Wall, covering an area of about 50 square meters. There are no tombs or tombstones, only an 8-ton white marble relief head.
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World cultural heritage, national key cultural relics protection unit, AAAAA attraction Badaling Great Wall entrance
Ticket price of Badaling Great Wall: commemorative ticket (with commemorative ticket Commemorative stamps and postcards are 45 yuan, and student tickets are 25 yuan. Regular tickets are 40 yuan for adults and 20 yuan for students. The return trip by Badaling Cable Car is 60 yuan. Badaling Great Wall opening hours: Summer 6: 30-19: 00; Winter: 7: 00-18: 00