Comprehensive information describing the scenery, customs and history of Siping.
The terrain slopes from southeast to northwest.
It can be roughly divided into two zones: hills and plains. The eastern hills mainly include Yitong and the southeast of Lishu, with an altitude of 250-350m, while the central and western plains mainly include Siping, Lishu, Gongzhuling and most areas of Shuangliao, with an altitude of110-240m.
Siping area is located in the north temperate zone according to the natural climate and belongs to the humid zone in the middle temperate zone of the eastern monsoon region. Continental monsoon climate is obvious, with four distinct seasons, dry and windy spring, hot and humid summer, mild and cool autumn and long and cold winter.
The annual average sunshine hours in the whole region are 2678.9 hours, and the annual total solar radiation is 123.736 kcal/cm? The annual average temperature is 5.9℃, the accumulated temperature is ≥ 10℃, and the annual average precipitation is 572.8 mm. The southwest wind prevails throughout the year, with frost in early May and frost in late September, with an average frost-free period of 142 days. The light, heat and humidity conditions in the growing season basically meet the needs of one-year cooked products.
Folding ancient times
Siping belonged to Fuyu Land from the ancient Han and Wei Dynasties to the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of the Jin Dynasty (206-420), Koguryo Land from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, Fuzhou in Fuyu House of Bohai State after the middle Tang Dynasty, Tongzhou in Tokyo Road of Liao Dynasty, Hanzhou in Xianping Road of Jin Dynasty, Kaiyuan Road in Yuan Dynasty, the northern territory of Liaodong Dusi in Ming Dynasty, Zhelimu League in Inner Mongolia in Qing Dynasty, and then Changtu Hall.
182 1 year (the first year of Qing Daoguang), Changtu Hall set up a sub-defense office in Shangmao Street (now Lishu Town) to administer Siping.
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Fold the modern period
Fenghua County was founded in 1878 (the fourth year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), and there were nine clubs under the county.
Among them, Xin 'en Society governs most village societies in Siping City.
Xin 'en Institute of Social Governance is located in Siping Street (now Old Siping, Changtu County).
1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty), when Russia built the Nanman branch line of the railway, it set up a station every 30 kilometers from Changchun to the south, and the fifth station was Siping via Princess Mausoleum (Mausoleum) and Guojiadian, so it was commonly known as Siping as "five stations".
1903 (in the 29th year of Guangxu reign of Qing dynasty), the Nanman branch line was opened to traffic, and Russia named the "Five Stations" as "Siping Street Station".
In addition, the first, second and third roads in the north-south direction began to be built in front of the station, and the railway concession area was slightly embryonic.
1September, 905 (thirty-one year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty), the Russo-Japanese War ended and Russia was defeated.
Japanese imperialism took over the Nanman branch line from Russia and changed the "railway concession" into "railway subsidiary land" (that is, Siping City now starts from Dongyi Road in the east, reaches the west side of Daoli Children's Park in the west, reaches Nanhe River in the south, and reaches most areas of Beihe River in the north). The Japanese are in charge of all administration, economy, street construction, land, housing construction, culture, education and health.
Siping has now implemented one place and two administrations.
The eastern part of Siping Street (Yicheng, Huangjiatun and other natural villages under the jurisdiction of Lishu County) fought against the "subsidiary land" of Japanese imperialist economic manipulation.
With the approval of Fengtian, Yin Shousong, the county magistrate of Lishu County, issued a notice in May 192 1 (10) to open up new markets.
Businessmen competed for land to build houses, and successively opened eight grain depots and dozens of grocery stores. Lishu County established the "Siping Street New Market Office" here to take charge of management.
1922, Siping Street Village was established here (under the second district of Lishu).
1924 Siping Street Electric Company, a state power enterprise, sends electricity to this area.
19 16 In March, Sizheng Railway Bureau of the Northeast Transportation Committee of the Ministry of Communications set up a "North Station" in Siping Street to directly manage the household registration, civil affairs, construction, public security and other affairs of the North Station, which was not under the jurisdiction of the "affiliated place" and Lishu County.
After 1922, Sitao Railway was opened to traffic, and the traffic in Siping Street became more and more convenient. Businessmen from Old Siping, Lishu County and Bamiancheng came in an endless stream, and a large number of buildings followed.
Siping is a "three-legged (affiliated land, Lishu County, Sitao Railway)" trend.
193 1 year "9? After the 18th Incident, the local administrative power of "North Station" was replaced by "Siping Street Local Office of Man Railway".
1 937 65438+February1According to the Treaty on Revocation of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of Manchuria and Transfer of Administrative Power of Nanman Railway, the administrative power of Siping Street was integrated with Daoli, and it was considered that the State Council of Manchuria ordered the establishment of "Siping Market", and the Japanese Museum was also the first mayor of Siping Market.
Siping Street is separated from Lishu County and directly under Fengtian.
1 941July1day, the puppet Manchukuo (1940 June 24th) dismembered the northeast into19 provinces.
Among them, some counties in Fengtian were dismembered to form a pseudo-Siping province.
The pseudo-Siping provincial capital is located in the office building of the former Sitao Railway Bureau (now Ailingqi Hospital of Siping City).
The pseudo-Siping Province leads Siping City, Gongzhuling City, Toarey Yang County, Lishu County, Shuangliao County, Dongfeng County, Huaide County and Changling County.
Xu, the first governor of the pseudo-Siping Province (1944 served as the governor of the pseudo-Jilin Province, 1943 Qu Bingshan took over the disintegration of the pseudo-Siping Province).
1945 "eight? Japan surrendered in the first five-year plan and the pseudo-Siping province was revoked.
1In late September, 945, according to the instruction of Northeast Administrative Committee, Northern Liaoning Province was established in Siping Market.
1945 10, Siping democracy was established.
The organizational system in northern Liaoning has experienced three constructions and three withdrawals.
* * * * After Japan surrendered, Northern Liaoning Province was established, with Siping Street as its capital.
1945165438+1On October 5th, the autonomous province of northern Liaoning was established in Siping.
Yan Baohang, chairman of the provincial government, and Li Youwen, vice chairman.
Northern Liaoning * * * governs Liaoyuan (Liaoyuan, Shuangliao and Changling counties), Xi 'an, Huaide (Huaide and Lishu counties), Siping and 13 counties * * *.
Shortly after its establishment, provincial and municipal authorities moved from Siping Street to Lishu.
65438+At the beginning of February, the province retreated to Bamiancheng in Changbei, and moved northward at the end of the year.
When Northern Liaoning was founded, it governed three administrative supervision departments, and Liaoyuan Administrative Supervision Department 10 was established, 1945 165438, which was based in Zhengjiatun and governed Liaoyuan (now shuangliao city), Shuang Shan, Changling, Tongliao and Dongkezhong Banner (now Zuo Ke Zhongqi). Whitehead's Office of Administrative Inspector was established in February, 1945. Located in Lishu Town, it governs Huaide, Lishu and Changtu counties. Xi 'an Administrative Supervision Department was established in June 1945 1 1. It is located in Xi 'an (now Liaoyuan) and has jurisdiction over Xi 'an (Liaoyuan), Xifeng, Dongfeng and Hailong counties.
1946 65438+ At the beginning of October, Siping City was revoked.
65438+1October 65438+February, Liaobei * * * was cancelled during the transfer process.
This is the first time that the system has been established and abolished.
After the revocation of northern Liaoning Province, the four counties in the east of Zhongchang Road were placed under the leadership of Jilin-Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and Northern Liaoning Provincial Party Committee, and nine counties in the west of Zhongchang Road were placed under the leadership of western Liaoning Province.
Siping street is under the jurisdiction of western Liaoning province.
1946 65438+1October 10, * * * Northern Liaoning Province was established in Siping, with Liu Handong as the provincial chairman.
Northern Liaoning has jurisdiction over Siping City, Tongliao, Shuangliao, Lishu, Zaotu, Kaiyuan, Xifeng, Dongfeng, Beifeng, Hailong, Changling, Horqin Zuoqian, Zhonghou Banner, Horqin Right Front, Zhonghou Banner, Kulun Banner, Zhalute Banner, 1 city and 10 county.
Siping City used to be the headquarters of * * * and * * two provincial capitals in northern Liaoning.
1in April, 1946, the Dongfeng meeting of the Central Northeast Bureau decided to restore the organizational system of northern Liaoning Province, which governs 4 districts, 2 cities 13 counties.
Four of them are located in today's Jilin Province.
Xi 'an Administrative Supervision Department governs Xi 'an, Kaiyuan and Xifeng counties.
Hailong Administrative Supervision Department governs Hailong and Dongfeng counties.
Changtu Administrative Supervision Department has jurisdiction over Changtu, Changbei and Lishu counties.
Liaoyuan Administrative Inspector Office has jurisdiction over Liaoyuan, Shuang Shan, Changling and Tongliao counties.
In June, the organs at all levels in northern Liaoning moved to Tonghua and merged into Tonghua Administrative Office, and the other part merged with Liaoxi Administrative Office to form Liaoji Administrative Region. The organizational system in northern Liaoning does not actually exist. This is the second time to establish and cancel the organizational system.
At the beginning of June, 1946 was revoked in western Liaoning province.
Siping is under the jurisdiction of Liaoji Administrative Region.
1946 12 1, Northeast Administrative Committee issued [Hangmin Zi No.8], changing Liaoji Administrative Region into Liaobei Province and restoring the organizational system of Liaobei Province.
On February 24th, 65438, Liaoji Administrative Office was changed to Liaobei Administrative Office.
1947,65438+10, northern Liaoning province was formally established in baichengzi. There are 5 special zones and 28 counties (banners) in the province, and a notice was issued on February 18, which was changed to 3 special zones.
Among them, there are two special areas located in Jilin Province: the Second Office of Administrative Inspector governs six counties, namely Gan 'an, Chang 'an, Shuangliao, Ruoguang, Kaidong and Changling; The Fourth Office of Administrative Inspector has jurisdiction over nine counties, namely, Zhendong, Taonan, Taobei, Tao An, Lubei, Tongliao, Dongkezhongqi, Yu Zhan and Giant Panda Kaikai.
1June, 947, Siping Market was renamed as Siping City.
After August 1947, 1 1 counties in these two offices were designated as counties directly under the provincial government.
On February 1948 and 15, the station in northern Liaoning was moved from Baichengzi to Zhengjiatun, and a rear office was established in Baichengzi.
Adjust the jurisdiction to directly administer Taonan, Tao An, Taobei, Yu Zhan, Kaitong, Zhenlai, An Guang, Dalai, Gan 'an and Qianqi.
1948 In March, Siping City was liberated.
1948 March 13 * * Liberated Siping, * * * Northern Liaoning collapsed.
1949 may * * * northern Liaoning province was revoked, and Siping was subordinate to western Liaoning province.
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1July, 948, with the success of the Northeast Liberation War, the northern Liaoning province occupied by the * * * * army was liberated one after another.
* * * The Central Dongbeiju decided to change the Liaoji Provincial Party Committee to the Liaobei Provincial Party Committee, and the resident Zheng Jiatun.
1 1 month, moved to Siping city.
* * * The Northern Liaoning Provincial Party Committee leads the First Prefectural Committee (Faku), the Second Prefectural Committee (Changling), the Third Prefectural Committee (Xi 'an), the Fourth Prefectural Committee (Zhelimu League), the Fifth Prefectural Committee (Huaxin) and the Siping Municipal Committee.
In July 1948, the Second Committee of Liaobei was renamed as the Second Committee of Liaoji, based in Changling, which governs the county committees of Changling, Huaide, Lishu, Shuangliao and Changnong, Gongzhuling Working Committee and Siping Municipal Committee.
1948165438+10 revoked.
* * * Three prefectural committees in northern Liaoning were renamed as two prefectural committees in Liaoning Province, with Xi 'an as the resident.
Jurisdiction over Xi 'an, Dongfeng, Hailong and other counties and Xi 'an.
1948165438+10 revoked.
On July 1948 and 1 1 day, the Northeast Administrative Committee issued an order [Dongminzi No.26] to adjust the local administrative divisions of Liaoning, southern Liaoning, northern Liaoning and Anton.
It is decided that the areas to the west and north of Shenhai Road, which originally belonged to Liaoning Province, will be placed under the jurisdiction of Northern Liaoning Province, and the counties in Baichengzi area under the jurisdiction of Northern Liaoning Province will be placed under the jurisdiction of Nenjiang Province.
The second institution moved from Changling to Gongzhuling 1948 in September.
Jurisdiction over Changling, Huaide, Lishu, Shuangliao and Changnong counties.
10 year10.29, the first and second agencies were abolished, and the counties and cities under its jurisdiction were changed to provinces, cities and counties directly under the central government.
1948165438+1On October 7th, residents in northern Liaoning moved from Zhengjiatun to Siping.
On September 49, 65438+65438 +65438 10 +00, the Northeast Administrative Committee issued an order [Jianmin first established Liaoxi Province, with Jinzhou City as its jurisdiction.
On March 3 1 day, Gongzhuling Town was listed as a third-class city.
On April 2 1 and 1949, the Northeast Administrative Committee issued an order [Jianmin ZiNo. 15] to cancel the organizational system of northern Liaoning Province.
Changnong County, Huaide County and Gongzhuling City are included in Jilin Province; Liaodong province includes Xi 'an, Hailong and Xi 'an. Siping City, Lishu County, Shuangliao County and Changling County are included in western Liaoning Province.
This is the third time that Northern Liaoning Province has been established and abolished.
At that time, western Liaoning Province was under the jurisdiction of 4 cities, 2 1 county.
May 65438+May 5, the organs of northern Liaoning Province moved to Jinzhou and merged with western Liaoning Province.
In June, Siping * * was renamed Siping People * * *.