The origin and custom of winter solstice. What to eat?

The origin and custom of winter solstice is what to eat. Winter solstice is one of the traditional 24 solar terms. There are many different customs about the winter solstice in all parts of China. There is a folk saying that the solstice in winter is as big as a year. Let's share the origin and customs of the winter solstice and what to eat.

The origin and customs of winter, what to eat in the sun 1 the origin and customs of winter in the sun.

Winter solstice is one of the "24 solar terms". During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, twenty-four solar terms were absorbed into the calendar as a supplement to the calendar guiding farming, and the division of solar terms adopted the method of "balancing qi" (that is, the average time method).

The "leveling method" is to determine the shortest day in the Yellow River basin as the winter solstice by photogrammetry, divide the date between the winter solstice and the next winter solstice into twelve equal parts, which is called "Zhongqi", and then divide the dates between adjacent "Zhongqi" into equal parts, which is called "solar terms"; On average, there is a "neutral gas" and a "solar term" every month, which are collectively called "24 solar terms".

What does the winter solstice custom eat?

south

Many places in southern China will celebrate the winter solstice. Many areas along the southern coast have the traditional custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors during the winter solstice. Every household is dedicated to ancestor statues, memorial tablets, etc. Go to the hall at home, place an altar, set up incense burners, offerings, etc. In some places, while offering sacrifices to ancestors, they also offer sacrifices to gods, land gods and deities, so as to make the next year's weather favorable and the family prosperous.

Cantonese people eat barbecue and ginger rice on the solstice in winter. On this day, most Cantonese people have the custom of "adding vegetables" to eat meat on the solstice in winter. In Chaoshan area, there is a folk saying that "Winter Festival Pills, once eaten, celebrate the New Year", commonly known as "Adding New Year". Hakkas believe that the taste of water is the most mellow in winter solstice, so it has become a custom for Hakkas to make wine in winter solstice.

People in Hangzhou eat rice cakes on the solstice in winter. From the late Ming and early Qing dynasties to the present, people in Hangzhou like to eat rice cakes on the solstice in winter. In winter solstice, you can cook rice cakes with different flavors, eat rice cakes in winter solstice and get old, which is auspicious. In Sichuan, it is the solstice to eat mutton soup in winter, and mutton is the first tonic in winter. In the area around the two lakes, red beans and glutinous rice must be eaten on the solstice in winter.

In some areas in the south, eating the winter solstice ball is more popular, which means reunion. On the morning of winter solstice, every household grinds glutinous rice flour and makes winter solstice balls with sugar, meat, vegetables, fruits and shredded radish, which are not only eaten by family members, but also given to relatives and friends as a sign of blessing. In fact, eating jiaozi on the solstice in winter is a traditional custom in China, which is more common in Jiangnan. There is also a folk saying that "eating jiaozi is one year older".

north

In many parts of northern China, it is a custom to eat jiaozi every winter solstice. According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage, saw the frozen people when he retired in his later years, so he wrapped mutton, some cold-dispelling herbs and dough in his ears and made the medicine of "Joule Decoction for Eliminating Cold" for the people to eat. Later, on the solstice of winter, people imitated eating and formed a custom. Most parts of northern China want to eat jiaozi on this day, because jiaozi means "driving away the cold". Up to now, there has been a saying among the people that "jiaozi bowls are not delicious in winter, and nobody cares about frozen ears".

The origin and customs of winter what to eat on the solstice 2 What does the solstice of winter mean?

Winter solstice refers to the arrival of cold winter. In winter solstice, the longitude of the sun is 270 degrees. On the solstice of winter, the sun shines almost directly on the tropic of Capricorn. Our northern hemisphere has the shortest day and the longest night, and it has begun to enter several cold days. Astronomy stipulates that this day is the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere. After the winter solstice, the direct sunlight gradually moved northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually became longer. As the proverb goes, eating noodles on the solstice in winter will make the day longer.

The origin of winter solstice

Winter solstice is the earliest of the 24 solar terms, but most people don't know that the origin of winter solstice actually comes from the planning of a national capital. As early as more than 3,000 years ago, Duke Zhou began to measure the shadow with the earth gauge method and measure the position of the world in Luoyi. This was a move of political significance at that time, but it became one of the festivals that affected future generations for thousands of years.

When the Duke of Zhou arrived in Luoyang, he measured that Luoyang was "in the world" by the method of returning to the soil, and then began to divine the country and the land. "History? According to Luogu, Duke Zhou inspected several places around Luoyang, and finally determined that Jianshui East, Hubei Water West and Hubei Water East are all "only Luoliang" (all good places to build a temple state). The historical fact that the Duke of Zhou chose the base site of Luoyi through the "investigation of returning to the land" was recorded in ancient books and was regarded as the law of sealing the country by later generations.

The purpose of "Topography of Tugui" is to find out "in the soil" (the center of China). The essence of this method is that "the tree is eight feet high and the summer solstice is five inches long;" On the solstice of winter, the scene is one foot, three feet and five inches long (that is, an eight-foot high benchmark is erected). On the summer solstice, the shadow at noon is 65,438+0.5 feet, and on the winter solstice, the shadow at noon is 65,438+03.5 feet). "The depth of the soil is measured, the shadow is positive, and the land is searched. It stops at four o'clock." What is measured by this method is the theoretical position of Luoyang and Luoyi in the soil.

Zhou people made a detailed plan for Yizhoushu, the first national capital after the demise of Shang Dynasty, according to the world determined by Duke Zhou? Zuo Luozai: "As a big city, it is surrounded by soil ... it is in Luoshui in the south and Mangshan in the north, thinking that the world is big." . After the national society (capital and ancestral temple) was completed, Duke Zhou formulated the national etiquette system in detail in the Rite and Music System, Famous Hall of Chengzhou. According to records, the first month of the Zhou Dynasty is winter and November, and the winter solstice is the beginning of the New Year. In other words, Duke Zhou chose the longest day in the "sun shadow" measured by the Tugui method as the New Year.

From meditation to Qin dynasty, winter is always the same as the beginning of the year. This is still the case in the Han Dynasty. There is a saying in Hanshu: "The sun shines on the winter solstice, so congratulations ..." In other words, people originally celebrated the winter solstice to celebrate the arrival of the New Year.

The ancients believed that since the winter solstice, the sun be the spirit of heaven and earth began to flourish, representing the beginning of the next cycle, which was a lucky day. Therefore, later, during the Spring Festival, customs such as ancestor worship and family dinners often appeared on the winter solstice. The winter solstice is also called "off-year". First, it shows that the year is approaching and there are not many days left. The second is to show the importance of the winter solstice. As a festival, the winter solstice originated in the Zhou Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has been passed down to this day. The first month of the week calendar is November of the summer calendar. Therefore, the first month of the Zhou Dynasty is equal to today's November, so there is no difference between New Year greetings and He Dong. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the summer calendar that the first month was separated from the solstice in winter. Therefore, it can also be said that the "Winter Solstice Festival" began in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has existed ever since.

The custom of winter solstice

Wonton and noodles

There used to be a saying in old Beijing that "winter solstice wonton, summer solstice noodles". According to legend, during the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu in the north often harassed the frontier, and the people were restless. At that time, there were two leaders, Xiongnu tribe and Tun tribe, which were very cruel. The people hated it, so they wrapped it into a corner with meat stuffing and called it "wonton" with the sound of "muddy" and "swallowing".

Eat dog meat

It is said that the custom of eating dog meat on the solstice began in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, ate dog meat cooked by Fan Kuai on the solstice in winter, which was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the custom of eating dog meat from winter solstice has been formed among the people. Nowadays, people eat dog meat and mutton on the winter solstice in order to have a good omen for the coming year.

Eat dumplings

Every year, during the winter solstice of the Lunar New Year, jiaozi is an indispensable holiday feast for both the rich and the poor. As the saying goes: "On October 1st, when the solstice of winter comes, every family eats jiaozi."

Red bean glutinous rice

In Jiangnan water town, there is a custom that the whole family get together to eat red beans and glutinous rice in the evening from winter to Sunday. According to legend, * * * Gong was a troubled wit who died in the winter. Become a plague ghost after death and continue to harm the people. However, this epidemic ghost is most afraid of red beans, so people cook red bean rice from winter solstice to drive away the epidemic ghost and prevent diseases.

The origin and customs of winter solstice, what to eat and what traditional food to eat in winter solstice.

1, Beijing "Wonton"

According to legend, during the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu in the north often harassed the frontier, and the people were restless. At that time, there were two leaders, Xiongnu tribe and Tun tribe, which were very cruel. People hate it, so they wrap it in meat.

Take the sound of "wonton" and "swallowing" and call it "wonton". I hate eating, and I want to quell the war and live a peaceful life. Because wonton was originally made on the winter solstice, every family eats wonton on the winter solstice.

2. Ningxia eats "brain pulp" from winter to Sunday.

On the solstice of winter, Yinchuan people drink noodle soup and eat mutton noodle soup, which is called "brain". Mutton powder soup is made of mushrooms and mutton, with salt, ginger, onion, garlic, pepper, soy sauce and other seasonings. When the soup is boiled, add the diced and soaked vermicelli, and then add the chives, garlic sprouts and coriander. The aroma is rich and mouth-watering. After jiaozi made the noodle soup, he presented a bowl first, and then a bowl to his neighbors.

3, Henan "pinch frozen ears"

Eating "frozen ears" is a common name for Henan people to eat jiaozi from the winter solstice. Why is there such a diet custom? According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing, a doctor from Nanyang, was an official in Changsha. When he retired in his later years, it was a snowy winter and the wind was biting.

He was very sad when he saw the villagers on both sides of the Baihe River in Nanyang dressed in rags, and many people's ears were frozen rotten. He asked his disciples to set up a medicine shed in Guandong, Nanyang, and put mutton, peppers and some cold-dispelling herbs in a pot, fished them out and chopped them up, imaged their ears with leather bags, and then put them down in the pot to make a medicine called "cold-dispelling and ear-correcting soup" for the people.

After eating it, the villagers' ears will be fine. Later, on the solstice of winter, people imitated and cooked, thus forming the custom of "pinching ears". Later, people called it "jiaozi", while others called it "flat food" and "instant noodle jiaozi". It is also said that people will not be frozen in jiaozi after eating the winter solstice.

4. Tengzhou mutton soup

It is said that the custom of eating mutton from winter solstice began in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, ate mutton cooked in Fan Kuai on the solstice of winter, which was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the custom of eating mutton from winter solstice has been formed among the people. On the solstice of winter, people eat mutton and various nourishing foods one after another in order to have a good omen for the coming year. Now every family in Tengzhou, Shandong Province should drink mutton soup on the solstice of winter.

5. Jiangnan "Red Bean Glutinous Rice"

In Jiangnan water town, there is a custom that the whole family get together to eat red beans and glutinous rice in the evening from winter to Sunday. According to legend, there was a man named Gong. His son was incompetent and evil. He died on the Winter Solstice. Become a plague ghost after death and continue to harm the people. However, this epidemic ghost is most afraid of red beans, so people cook red bean rice from winter solstice to drive away the epidemic ghost and prevent diseases.

6. Taizhou Chengyuan

People in Taizhou, Zhejiang like food, and winter solstice is an important solar term in a year. To make some special dishes and food on this day, we should first pay homage to our ancestors and pray that they will bless the whole family with peace and happiness in the new year. Then the family happily get together to drink and eat vegetables. Among them, eating "winter solstice yen" (also called hard round and rough round) is an old tradition in Taizhou, which means round, smooth and reunion.

7. Suzhou Brewing

Gusu region attaches great importance to the solar terms of the winter solstice. There is a proverb in Gusu region: "The winter solstice is like a new year". Traditional Gusu people will drink winter wine on the night of winter solstice. Winter wine is a kind of rice wine, which is brewed with sweet-scented osmanthus and has a pleasant aroma. Gusu people will drink winter wine on the night of winter solstice, and at the same time, they will serve all kinds of braised beef and braised mutton. In the cold winter, winter brewing can not only drive away the cold, but also entrust Gusu people with their good wishes for life.

8. Eat rice cakes in Hangzhou

On the solstice of winter, people in Hangzhou will make rice cakes, eat them, worship their ancestors with them or give them to relatives and friends. Eating different flavors of rice cakes three times a day, such as rice cakes with sesame powder and sugar, fried rice cakes with shredded pork, etc., represents that the auspicious year is getting older and higher.

9. Jiangxi sesame cake

Asako, a specialty of Zhejiang and Jiangxi, is also a traditional snack of Fujian people and a sacrifice of Fujian people. Suitable for steaming, frying, roasting and sand frying after hemp is raised in the shade.

10, "Winter" in Macau

"The solstice in winter is New Year's Eve, and every household eats glutinous rice balls. Teachers don't have holidays, students don't give money "-Macao folk songs.

In Macao, people usually worship their ancestors from winter to sun, and hang paper in front of their graves, commonly known as "hanging winter". On the solstice of winter, many people buy roast chicken, barbecue and other holiday foods to worship God.

Guangdong Tangyuan 1 1

On the winter solstice, many places in Guangdong have the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors. In addition to the three offerings of wine, meat and fruit dumplings, Zongtong also offered sacrifices to ancestors. Ancestor worship is organized by clans, and there are often some rituals such as killing pigs and cows, acting to reward the gods and so on. It is to commemorate ancestors, such as reading genealogy and telling family history.

Ordinary families also steam cakes, make rice cakes, glutinous rice balls and so on. And slaughter chickens and ducks to prepare a sumptuous dinner to celebrate. Jiaozi, which is eaten in the winter festival, is salty, stuffed with shage, pork and shrimps, and served with chicken soup. In western Guangdong, jiaozi is covered with a layer of vegetable leaves, which are called "vegetable bags". In the past, Guangfu people also had the habit of "raw fish in winter and dog meat in summer". Qu Dajun wrote in "Guangdong Newspeak": "When butterflies eat in pairs, the fish on the winter solstice wins the autumn." However, it is unsanitary to eat raw fish, and then it is changed to "side stove" (hot pot) and boiled dog meat, which is also eaten before and after the winter festival.

In addition, people like to make "dried ginger" from winter to day, called "winter ginger", which greatly supplements the fire of life; Not hot and dry; I also like to make flour before winter solstice, which is called "flour before winter" and is used to make rice cakes in the New Year. It is said that "powder before winter" will not go bad.

12, Taiwan Province glutinous rice cake

In Taiwan Province Province, China, the tradition of offering nine-layer cakes to ancestors from winter to the sun is still preserved. Glutinous rice flour is used to knead animals such as chickens, ducks, turtles, pigs, cattle and sheep. , a symbol of good luck, and then put it in a steamer and steam it layer by layer to worship the ancestors to show that they don't forget their ancestors. In the early days of the winter solstice or before and after the agreement, people with the same surname and clan gather in the ancestral hall to worship their ancestors one by one in the order of generations. After the ceremony, there will be a grand banquet for the people who come to worship their ancestors. Everyone drinks heartily and meets again after a long separation, which is called "food ancestor". The ancestors of the winter solstice festival are handed down from generation to generation in Taiwan Province to show that they have never forgotten their roots. Radish, vegetables, tofu, fungus, etc.