Write Su Xun's classical Chinese.
original text
Perilla sits at night, and rats bite. Stop working after getting up. Make the boy candle hollow, ring and sound in the sound. Say, "Hey! The mouse can't go when it sees the customs. " Look, there is nothing, and there are dead mice in it. The boy said in surprise, "did Fang suddenly bite and die?" Why are you yelling? What the hell? " Cover it up and go to the ground. Although you are sensitive, there is nothing you can do. Perilla sighed, "what a surprise! It's a mouse. Locked in a coffin, the coffin is strong and can't be poked. So it's not biting, but biting, causing people with sound; Immortality can be rid of by form. I smell the breath of life, but I am not wise to others. Cut jiaozi, climb the tortoise and hunt the forest, treat everything, and die in rats; In the plan of falling into this insect, it is wise to get rid of the rabbit by surprise. " Sit and doze off, thinking about the reasons. If someone tells me more, he says, "You just learned more, but you didn't see it. Not for you, but for things, so the mouse bite will change it. People can break the wall of 1000 yuan, but they can't lose their voices in the kettle; If you can beat a tiger, you can't lose color on a bee sting: this is a different problem. You forgot when I said it? " I leaned over and smiled, but I felt cold in my back. Let the boy write down and remember the rest.
[Edit this paragraph] Pronunciation
ⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤ854
[Edit this paragraph] Text explanation
1. Selected from the Complete Works of Dongpo, Fu: Cunning. 2. bite: bite. 3. After .... Stop 4. Make: make way for candles: shine by candlelight, used here as verb 5. Li: The sixth bag. Li: This is the sound that describes a mouse biting something. 7. See Close: Close. See: passive: structural auxiliary words, no translation: find 8. Yes: This way: Just now: Right away. 9. Xiang: Just now. 10. Yes: this. 1 1. Point: Bite a hole and use it as a verb. 12. to attract. 13. Rao Long's tapping: restlessness and taming. Chop, hit and stab. 14. Deng: catch it. Labor: Labor 15. Jun: Ruling is used as a verb here. Pawn: finally 16. See the envoy: enslaved. Down: Fall into 17. Take off the rabbit from the virgin: at first, it was as quiet as a virgin, which caught the enemy off guard, and then suddenly it acted like a runaway rabbit, which made it too late for the other party to attack. This refers to the mutation of mice from static to dynamic. 18. Wu: Where is he, 19? Wei: Only 20. Know: Know 2 1. Feeling: Wake up 22. Inauguration: Hunting 23. Reply: 24. Make: let 25。 Suo: Search 26. Fa: open 27. Reply.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
Su Shi was sitting at night and a mouse was biting. Perilla slaps the bedplate to stop it, (sound stops) and it stops, making (sound). (Perilla frutescens) Let the boy glow by candlelight. There is an empty bag, in which there is a mouse biting sound, and the mouse biting sound comes from inside. The boy said, "Hey, hey, this mouse can't walk away in a cage." The boy opened the bag and looked inside. There is no sound in it. He held up the candle and found a dead mouse in the bag. The boy was surprised and said, "This mouse was biting people just now. How did you die immediately? " What was that noise just now? Is it a ghost? "(The boy) emptied the bag to get the mouse out. The mouse ran as soon as it landed, and even the most agile people were caught off guard. Perilla sighed, "strange, this mouse is so cunning! "! Put it in a bag. The bag is strong and won't bite. So (the mouse) didn't bite but pretended to bite, attracting people with sound; Not death, but pretending to be dead, seeking escape with the appearance of death. I heard that there is nothing smarter than human beings. Tame dragons, assassinate dragons, catch turtles, hunt unicorns, dominate everything, rule everything, and finally be enslaved by a mouse and fall into the trap of this animal. At first, it was as quiet as a virgin, and then suddenly it acted like an escaped rabbit. Where is human wisdom? "I sat down, closed my eyes and took a nap, thinking about the reason in my mind. It seems that someone said to me, "You just learned more and remembered a little knowledge, but you are still far from the Tao." You are disturbed and influenced by external things, so a mouse can attract you to be dominated by it and help it change its predicament. People can keep quiet by breaking precious jasper, but they scream when they break a pot. People can race the tiger, but when they see bees and scorpions, they can't help but change color, which is the result of unspecific. This is what you said before, have you forgotten? "I leaned over and smiled, and then I woke up again. So I ordered the boy to pick up a pen and write my article.
[Edit this paragraph] Explain the truth.
On the surface, the title of "crouching on a mouse" shows that no matter how clever a person is, he must concentrate and give full play to his intelligence, otherwise he will be caught off guard.
2. Su Xun's classical Chinese is about 200 words, and Su Xun's Six Kingdoms:
The downfall of the six countries was not bad for soldiers, but bad for war and Qin. If you are guilty of Qin, you will lose your vitality, and you will be defeated. Or: the six countries mourn each other and lead the way to Qin? People who don't take bribes will lose their lives, and they will lose their strong support, so they can't do it alone. Therefore, the disadvantage lies in the bribery of Qin.
In addition to capturing Qin, the small ones captured the city and the big ones captured the city. Compared with the income of the Qin dynasty, it is actually one hundred times more than the people who won the battle; In fact, the death of princes is a hundred times that of the defeated. Then the great desire of the Qin dynasty, the great misfortune of the princes, is not in war. Think of my grandfather, dew cream dew, cut thorns to make room. Children and grandchildren don't cherish it very much, and giving it to others is like throwing away dirt. Cut five cities today, ten cities tomorrow, and then sleep for one night. Looking around, the pool is coming again. However, the vassal's land is limited, and the desire to storm Qin is insatiable. The more complicated it is, the more urgent it is. Therefore, the victory or defeat of the enemy without fighting has already decided the outcome. As for subversion, what is reasonable is reasonable. The ancients said: "Serving Qin with the earth is more like carrying firewood to put out the fire. The salary is endless and the fire will not go out." This statement is correct.
Qi people didn't blame Qin, and finally the five countries moved out. What a pity! And won without helping the five countries. Since the five countries fell, they must be together. The prince, from the beginning, was far away, but he could keep his land and was not loyal to Qin. Therefore, although Yan was a small country and then died, it was also effective to use troops. For Dan, with Jing Qing as the plan, the disaster started soon. Zhao tasted five battles in Qin, two defeats and three wins. After the Qin Dynasty, Zhao was attacked again, but Li Mulian did it. Mu Mu was slandered and punished, Handan was the county, but there was no end to fighting, which was regrettable. When Zhao Yan's Qin Dynasty was completely destroyed, it could be said that it was a desperate situation, and it was a last resort to die in defeat. In order to make the Three Kingdoms love their places, Qi people should not be attached to Qin, assassins should not, and good generals should still be there, so the number of victories and defeats and the principle of survival are not easy to measure compared with Qin.
Oh! To bribe the land of Qin, seal the world's advisers, serve the heart of Qin, treat the world's wizards, and strive to go west, then I am afraid that the Qin people will not be able to swallow their meals. Sad husband! With this trend, it was robbed by the power accumulated by the Qin people, and the moon was lacking day by day, in order to tend to extinction. People who serve the country are robbed by accumulated power!
Husband and Qin were vassals, weaker than Qin, but there was still a tendency to win without taking bribes. The story that the world is big and the six countries are broken is that it is under the six countries again.
Yan Shu forty rhymes:
Ren Junbei came to write Taizhou Monument. Because it was written by Duke Lu, he left me without hesitation. Duke Lu is a hero, generous and honest. I remember at the end of Tianbao, I became a fisherman. The brave don't deserve it, and the Confucian scholars cross the banner of righteousness. Thanks to dozens of counties for fighting Qiang Yi. The new momentum is still weak, and Humali has not failed. It's strange to sigh that you can't win the war. Brother Gao died in Changshan, and the martyrs were in tears. Lu Gong is not a sworn enemy, and the world is bustling. Why don't you love it enough to step on whale fins? Gong Gu was not afraid of death, but I was really sad at that time. I miss my friendship, but I'm sorry I was born late. I have seen different views recently, and I don't know who the author is. It is strange that Yungong is not dead. Generally speaking, everyone belongs to the public mentality. Try not to die and comfort this bitterness and sigh. I want to cry in the cemetery, so I don't know. Love his life, often lost. This word comes from the public hand, and it is sighing when you see it. The public is not good at books, and the pen and ink are chaotic. Think about his life, or abandon Luqi? This word is strange and magnificent. Jun is extremely deep and steady, and his bones are old and broken. Direction is harmony, connection is not opposition. Like a person, nose, eyes, ears, eyebrows. They are different from each other and related to each other. Being far away from the stars in the sky is like being at loggerheads. Left and right self-assembly, or beating or dusting. The bone is strict and the tail is heavy, so it is not dangerous to place it. There is no weak lintel in a tall building. Antiquities should be proportional, and legal objects should be regular. Think from the beginning, be solemn, and don't feel inferior. It is not good for Liu Yu to end her troubles. The brushwork has not deviated from the customs, and laymen dare to peek. When I saw this word, I had nothing to do with it. A car can learn a hundred things, and an axe is easy to do. Round and round, there is a bright moon, I want to draw the shape. Who knows loyalty, strength is still there. So, a few pieces of paper made me sigh again.
3. Which great god wrote a review in plain classical Chinese, about 400 words, and another one was written by Su Xun. This is because Ouyang Xiu is a fellow villager in Su Xun in other ways, but in his view, Wang Anshi is not a fellow villager. Ouyang Xiu attaches great importance to Wang Anshi. Zhang knew that he had never spoken to Anshi since the emperor paid tribute. Therefore, it is impossible for Wang Anshi to learn Zhang's theory of distinguishing rape. This shows that, besides Zhang, other "fans" in Su Xun have also read "On the Discrimination of Rape". But in general, this stage is a "secret" stage, and not many people know it. This is not difficult to understand, because "On Distinguishing Traitors" has just been written, and even the Su Shi brothers have a sigh of "Xi, it is very embarrassing", which is of course not easy to publish. Secondly, in Yuan Feng Shi, Zhang put it in the tomb of Mr. Wen An, because in Zhang's view, Wang Anshi's political reform practice fully confirmed Su Xun's prediction: "An Shi uses things, and his words are as good as his words.
"But during the Yuanfeng period, although Wang Anshi stopped talking, the immortal who supported the new law was still there. The Su Shi brothers were demoted because they opposed the new law, and the situation was very difficult. Therefore, although they appreciate Zhang's recognition of Su Xun's foresight, they are "not a stone". After the death of Zongshen and Wang Anshi, even Sima Guang warned against "repeated actions" and "vilifying Wang Anshi", emphasizing that Wang Anshi's burial was "particularly appropriate and generous". At this time, of course, the Su Shi brothers will not publicize "On the Argument of Rape". After Zhe Zongzhu was in power, the New Party gained power again, Su Shi's brothers moved to Lingnan, and the Hui Zong Dynasty also constantly attacked party member, Fan Yuan, and banned the destruction of Su San's collected works. Therefore, in the late Northern Song Dynasty, the theory of distinguishing traitors could not be spread. The third is Bi Nian, which is a guide to the early Song Dynasty. At that time, public opinion blamed the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty on Wang Anshi's political reform, and Su Shi's father and son were commended. At this time, the theory of distinguishing traitors began to spread widely. It is completely reasonable to analyze the spread of "On Distinguishing Traitors" in connection with the historical background of each period, and it is not mysterious at all.
4. What are the northern song essayists in Su Xun's articles? Together with his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, they are called "Three Sus", and they are all included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. It is said that I didn't study until I was 27. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, I have made great progress in my studies. In the first year of Ren Zongjia (1056), he led Su Shi and Su Zhe to Bianjing and called Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin. Ouyang Xiu admired his works, such as Power, Balance and Tactics, and thought that they could be comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished. In the third year of Jia's reign, Renzong called him to the Scheeren Hospital to take the exam, but he pleaded that he was ill and refused to reply. Jia five years, as the secretary of the provincial school book lang. Later, he wrote "Tai Chang Li" with Yao He, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng.
Su Xun is a man with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition is to "speak the important words of the moment" and "apply them to the present". In some important argumentative papers, such as Lun Heng and Shang Shu, he put forward a set of ideas of political innovation. He believes that to govern the country well, it is necessary to "assess the situation" and "set the situation." He advocated "respecting prestige", strengthened official management, broke the laziness, inspired the enterprising spirit of the world and revitalized the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun has a good understanding of social reality, is good at summing up historical experience and lessons, and takes history as a mirror, although his political essays inevitably have some pedantic and biased views, many of his views are still to the point.
Ceng Gong said that Su Xun was "easy to talk and easy to fight". Su Xun's 65,438+00 books, Tactics, Counting the Enemy, Balance of Power, Secret Books of Shang Dynasty, Enemy System and Book of Shang Emperor, all discuss military issues. In the famous Six Kingdoms, he believed that the downfall of the Six Kingdoms was to bribe the State of Qin. In fact, it is a mockery of the past and accuses the humiliating policy of the Song Dynasty. The investigation of the enemy further reveals that the essence of this policy of bribing the enemy is to cripple the people. The Military System puts forward the idea of reforming the military system, restoring military morality and credibility. The Bill of Rights systematically studies the strategic and tactical issues. In Ji Xiang, he pointed out the strategic mistake that Ji Xiang could not attack Xianyang. He also emphasized the strategic and tactical principles of avoiding reality, attacking the weak with strong force, making good use of surprise soldiers, suspecting soldiers, making a quick decision and winning by surprise.
Su Xun's lyric prose is not much, but there are also many wonderful chapters. In "Sending Stone to the North", he hoped that Shi, a friend of the Qidan, would not be afraid of * *, underestimate his enemy and write with momentum. The Portrait of Zhang Yizhou describes Zhang's deeds of governing Yizhou, and creates an image of a feudal official who is lenient and loves the people. The Story of the Wooden Rockery expresses feelings with things, praising a spirit of self-reliance and integrity.
Su Xun's prose has distinct arguments, strong arguments, sharp language and strong persuasiveness. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "excellent eloquence", saying that "going up and down, rushing in and out, must be built deep and then stop" ("Epitaph of the Soviet Union in the Lord's Book of Wen 'an County, Bazhou"); Ceng Gong also commented on his articles "Pointing to Things, Explaining Things with Introductions" and "Don't Worry, Don't Worry" ("Mourning for Su Mingyun"), both of which are more pertinent. The artistic style is magnificent and varied. Some articles are also good at twists and turns. In Shu Mi Shu, Su Xun also commented on his articles as "the poet's softness, the poet's simplicity, the softness of Meng Han, and the simplicity of Sun Wu". The language of his article is concise, concise and meaningful; But sometimes, he can be on a par with others, and he is especially good at making vivid and wonderful metaphors, such as "The Story of Brother Zhong Fu Ziwen", which uses geomantic omen as a metaphor and makes a natural description, which is an example.
Su Xun's paper is also full of penetrating insights. He opposes flashy and weird prose and advocates learning ancient prose; Emphasize that articles should be "sincerely convinced" and write "from the heart"; It is advocated that articles should be "made for things" and "words must be in the present". He also discussed different styles of * * * and different writing methods. He is especially good at evaluating the styles and artistic features of various essays from comparison. For example, the first book "The Connotation of Shang Ouyang" commented well on the articles of Mencius, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu.
Su Xun doesn't write many poems, but he is good at writing five ancient poems, which are simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems were "profound and tasteful, just like their prose" (Shi Lin Shi Hua). His two poems by Ouyang Yongshu, White Rabbit, Seeing the Mountain off, Yan Shu, Answering Two Covenants and Waiting for Wu, are excellent, but their overall achievements are far less than those of prose.
Su Xun's works were popular in various versions in the Song Dynasty, and most of them had been lost. Today, there is a remnant of the Collected Works of Lao Su in the Northern Song Dynasty. Popular books are Tetralogy, Shadow Copy of Song Dynasty, and Jiaji, Volume 15.