Characteristics of the entrance to the Louvre Glass Pyramid, an additional 100 will be added if the answer is correct!
“Pyramid”
Another contribution President Mitterrand made to the Louvre Museum was to invite the famous Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei to design a new entrance to the museum. at. After careful consideration, Mr. Pei proposed a plan to build a "pyramid". This "pyramid" adds new dazzling brilliance to the Louvre Museum and the city of Paris. With this "pyramid", the visitor's visiting route becomes more reasonable. Visitors can go directly to their favorite exhibition hall here, instead of having to go through several other exhibition halls to go to one exhibition hall as in the past, and sometimes even have to go around seven or eight hundred meters. For a modern museum, the logistics service facilities generally occupy half of the total area. In the past, the Louvre Museum had only 20 square meters dedicated to logistics. With this "pyramid", the museum has enough service space, including reception hall, office, storage room, ticket office, post office, canteen, changing room, lounge, etc. The service functions of the Louvre Museum are therefore more complete.
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The Louvre Museum is located on the north bank (right bank) of the Seine River in the center of Paris. The heart of the city was founded in 1204 and has been expanded and renovated for more than 700 years to reach today's scale. It covers an area of about 198 hectares and is 680 meters long. It is divided into two parts, the old and the new. The old one was built in the Louis XIV period, and the new one was built in the Napoleonic era. The pyramid-shaped glass entrance in front of the palace was designed by the Chinese architect Ieoh Ming Pei. . Its overall building is "U" shaped, covering an area of 24 hectares, and the building covers an area of 4.8 hectares, with a total length of 680 meters. It is one of the most famous and largest art treasure houses in the world, attracting worldwide attention, a palace of art and a palace of treasures. At the same time, the Louvre is also the oldest royal palace in French history.
The palace was originally built in the early 12th century and underwent four reconstructions and expansions from the 15th to 18th centuries. The east facade of the central courtyard is in the classical style, which is the most admired by people. French President Mitterrand asked the Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei to design a pyramid-shaped transparent roof. The collection includes the "Venus" statue known as the three treasures in the world, the "Mona Lisa" oil painting and the "Goddess of Victory" stone sculpture, as well as a large number of Greek, Roman, Egyptian and Oriental antiques, as well as French and Italian antiques. Ancient relics. The display area is 55,000 square meters and the collection includes 25,000 items.
Twisted history
The Louvre has a very tortuous and complicated history, which is intricately intertwined with the history of Paris and France. Of course, people come here to see the world-famous art treasures with their own eyes, but they also want to see the Louvre building itself, because it is not only a great artistic masterpiece, but also a witness to the history of France in the past thousand years. 50 French kings and queens once lived here, and many famous artists lived here. Some of them died here, some were murdered, and died violently, with their blood splattered in the Louvre.
The Louvre was built in 1190 as a castle for the royal palace of Philip Auguste II. During the Crusades, in order to defend the Paris area on the north bank, Philip II built a castle leading to the Seine River here in 1200. It was mainly used to store the royal archives and treasures, as well as his dogs and prisoners of war. , then known as the Louvre. During the reign of Charles V, the Louvre was used as a royal palace, thus making it a completely different building. In the next 350 years, as the royal nobles had higher and higher requirements for pleasure, they continued to build gorgeous towers and unique rooms. However, for the next 150 years, no king lived in the Louvre. In the mid-16th century, after Francis I succeeded to the throne, the palace was demolished. He ordered the architect Pieresco to build a palace on the basis of the original castle. Francis also asked famous painters at the time to paint his portrait. He admired the Italian painters and purchased paintings by Faello, the most famous painter in Italy at the time. Including treasures such as the Mona Lisa.
After Francis I's son Henry II came to the throne, he rebuilt the parts his father had destroyed. Henry loved the decoration of French Renaissance architectural art and was not interested in Italian architecture. He inherited his father's tastes, but he did not share his father's aesthetic sense.
During the reign of Henry IV, he spent 13 years building the most spectacular part of the Louvre - the Grand Gallery. This is a gorgeous corridor 300 meters long. The corridor is very long. Henry planted trees here, raised birds and dogs, and even rode a horse in the corridor to chase foxes. Louis XIV is a famous king in French history. He is called the Sun King. He was only 5 years old when he ascended the throne and served as king in the Louvre for 72 years - the longest period in French history. Louis XIV built the Louvre into a square courtyard and built a magnificent gallery outside the courtyard. He purchased paintings from various European schools, including works by Cashdet, Rembrandt and others. His lifelong obsession with art and architecture left France's coffers empty. During the reign of Louis XVI, the famous Revolution of 1789 broke out, and the first guillotine of the French Revolution was built in the "Arena" courtyard of the Louvre. On May 27, 1792, the National Assembly announced that the Louvre would belong to the public and become a public museum. This situation lasted for 6 years until Napoleon I moved into the Louvre.
Napoleon built more houses around the perimeter of the building, enhanced the wings of the palace, and built arches in the arena courtyard. The first carved horses on the arches were from Venice. Mark's Basilica. Napoleon decorated the Louvre like never before, bringing into the Louvre the best art that the rest of Europe had to offer. As Napoleon continued to expand outward and dominate Europe, thousands of tons of art were shipped to Paris from palaces, libraries and Catholic churches in all conquered countries. Napoleon renamed the Louvre the Napoleon Museum, and the huge corridors were filled with the art he looted. In the Louvre, Napoleon's glory lasted for 12 years until the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. To Napoleon, every work of genius must belong to France. Such a view is unacceptable to the Germans, Italians, Spanish and Dutch. After Napoleon lost power, they went to the Louvre and about 5,000 works of art were returned to their original owners. But due to the French diplomacy and the French's persuasiveness, many of the artworks he looted were still left in the Louvre. Napoleon III was an ambitious emperor. He was the most invested "builder" ever encountered since the construction of the Louvre. He built more buildings in 5 years than all his predecessors had built in 700 years. The grand design thought up 3 centuries ago was left to Napoleon III to complete, and when it was completed, the Louvre became a venue for royal celebrations, magnificence being the hallmark of everything Napoleon III built. In this way, it was not until Napoleon III that the entire magnificent building complex of the Louvre was completed, which took nearly 600 years.
Louvre Museum's venues
Introduction to each museum According to statistics, the Louvre Palace currently has more than 400,000 art treasures from all over the world. The French displayed these art treasures in six major exhibition halls according to their origin and type, namely the Oriental Art Museum, the Ancient Greek and Roman Art Museum, the Ancient Egyptian Art Museum, the Treasures Museum, the Painting Gallery and the Sculpture Gallery. Among them, the Painting Hall has the most exhibits and covers the largest area. There are 198 exhibition halls in the Louvre area, the largest hall is 205 meters long. Obviously, it is impossible to appreciate all the rare treasures in one or two days. Therefore, if you want to visit the Louvre, you must first make a plan and visit the six exhibition halls one by one. Do not rush through the museum. If you have plenty of time, you can savor it carefully; if you are short on time, you can choose to view representative art exhibits.
Oriental Art Museum
The Oriental Art Museum was built in 1881. It has 24 exhibition halls and 3,500 exhibits. These exhibits mainly come from West Asia and North Africa, including Syria, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran and other countries.
These exhibits come from very ancient times, such as statues from 2500 BC, stone carvings from 2270 BC, and clay statues fired from 2000 BC. Among them, the majestic winged statue with the body of an ox and a human face (8th century BC) is the most famous. It once guarded the gate of the palace of Assyrian King Sargon II in Dur-Sharuchin (now Hershabad, Iraq). These giant bull-shaped statues had a tortuous history when they arrived in France. In 1843, Frenchman Paul-Emile Botta discovered these statues and risked all kinds of dangers to transport them to Paris. Two of the statues were displayed in the world's first Assyrian museum at the Louvre in 1847, and the third survived a shipwreck in a shallow salt lake and was transported to Paris in 1856. The fourth statue sank to the bottom of the lake and was replaced by a plaster statue. The fifth statue is the only bull whose head is turned towards the visitor. In the fourth hall of the "Museum of Oriental Ancient Texts", there is a cultural relic that we are familiar with: the "Code of Hammurabi". This code came from Babylon around 2000 BC, with 282 articles, engraved on a piece of wedge-shaped script. On black basalt. The basalt is 2.5 meters high, with the full text of 282 decrees in the middle. The figure in the upper part is like the seated God of Justice imparting laws to the standing King Hammurabi. The king expresses thanks with his right hand to show respect for the laws given by the gods. .
The Museum of Ancient Egyptian Art
The Museum of Ancient Egyptian Art was established in 1826, earlier than the Museum of Oriental Art. It has 23 exhibition halls and collects 350 precious cultural relics. These cultural relics include clothing, decorations, toys, musical instruments, etc. used by residents on the west bank of the Nile in ancient times. There are also broken walls, foundation doors, mummies and human head statues from 2600 BC from ancient Egyptian temples. Museum of Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Art The Museum of Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Art was built earlier and was exhibited to the public around 1800. It has a larger collection of more than 7,000 pieces. The collection of the Museum of Ancient Greek and Roman Art is based on the collection of the French Royal Family. After the French army led by Napoleon won in Italy, they seized many ancient Italian works of art and transported them back to France to enrich the Louvre. Later, France continued to enrich the collection in all aspects. Sculptures occupy a dominant position in the museum, including marble, copper, ivory, etc. In the art museums of ancient Greece and Rome, there are two most eye-catching immortal works that have been praised by the world. One is "The Victory of Samtras" and the other is "Venus", the goddess of love.
"The Goddess of Victory of Sumter" was created in the 3rd century BC. It is 3.28 meters high. Standing on a stone pier, it is a headless and handless statue. It was imported from Sumter in 1863. Excavated from the ruins of a temple on the island of Ras. Although the statue has lost its hands and head, it can be seen that she is spreading her wings in the wind, holding her head high, and announcing the victory of a war to the world. According to research, this was made by the sculptor to commemorate a victorious naval battle on the Greek island of Roti. The goddess of victory leans forward slightly against the wind, with her toned chest covered in a thin robe. Her body is strong yet light and full of texture. Although the goddess has lost her head and arms, she is still complete and perfect in people's eyes. Today, the Goddess of Victory is admired by thousands of people every day and has become the most perfect work of passion and movement known among statues. "Venus" is more familiar to people. She is 2.02 meters tall and was created in the 2nd century AD. She is the Greek goddess of beauty, and she has countless admirers. She is surrounded by spectators every day. She is half-naked, extremely dignified and natural, and is considered to be the most outstanding work that expresses female beauty.
It is very accidental that "Venus" can be collected in the Louvre. In 1820, a farmer on the Greek Aegean island of Milo discovered a goddess of beauty while digging. When the news came out, there happened to be a French warship anchored in Port Milo. The captain rushed to the scene immediately after learning the news and wanted to buy it, but he had no cash. As a result, "Venus" was bought by a Greek merchant and prepared to be shipped to Constantinople. Seeing that the treasure was about to be lost, the French were unwilling to accept it and immediately sent a destroyer to stop it. A scuffle ensued, resulting in damage to the treasures and the broken arms of the statue. The dispute between the two parties was resolved by the local authorities of Milo, and the French used money to buy the statue and donate it to the French king.
In this way, "Venus" was transported to France and immediately caused a sensation at the time.
Painting Gallery
The collection of paintings in the Louvre Museum is unmatched by any other art museum in the world. The Painting Museum has 35 exhibition halls and more than 2,200 exhibits, two-thirds of which are works by French painters, and one-third are from foreign painters. Works from various painting schools from the 14th to 19th centuries are on display. The more outstanding works include: Fouquet's "Portrait of Charles VII" (15th century), Leonardo da Vinci's "Madonna of the Rocks" (16th century), Raphael's "The Beautiful Gardener" (16th century), Le Nan's "Peasant House" (17th century), Rigault's "Portrait of King Louis XIV" (18th century), Louis Davide's "Coronation of Napoleon I at Notre Dame de Paris" (19th century), Delacroix "Portrait of Chopin" (19th century), Ingres's "Turkish Bath" (19th century), etc. Among all paintings, the most outstanding and most eye-catching is naturally the immortal masterpiece "Mona Lisa" completed by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503. The "Mona Lisa" is placed in a hall in the middle of the second floor of the Louvre, and is covered with glass, obviously for special protection. The soft light emitted around the glass cover is enough to allow the audience to see every detail of the picture clearly. "Mona Lisa", also known as "Eternal Smile", is considered to be the first work in the history of Western European painting that focuses on psychological description. Mona Lisa is dignified and handsome, with a deep and gentle smile on her face. Sometimes that smile makes you feel gentle and intoxicating; sometimes it seems to contain sadness and seems sad; sometimes it is slightly teasing, although it is beautiful and moving, it is a bit inaccessible... What's even better is that before this famous painting , no matter which angle you look at it from, her gentle eyes are always looking at you with a smile, so vivid and vivid, as if she is right next to you.
Statuary Hall
The Statue Hall was established in 1817. It has 27 exhibition halls and more than 1,000 exhibits. Most of them are works showing religious themes, and some are showing human bodies and animals. works. Here you can see the gilded woodcuts "Christ's Passion Head", "Jesus on the Cross", "The Virgin and the Angel", the Italian sculpture "The Virgin and the Child", and the 17th century "Louis XIV in Childhood" , the 18th century celebrity portrait "Voltaire", the 19th century group sculpture "Dance", etc. Treasure Hall The Treasure Hall was originally part of the Statue Hall. Later, due to the increase in collections, it was formed into an independent exhibition hall in 1893. Initially, the exhibits in the Treasure Hall were mainly treasures confiscated from the royal family during the Revolution. Later, the museum organized people to purchase them everywhere, and with donations from people, the exhibits were greatly enriched. Now there are more than 6,000 exhibits. Among them are a large diamond weighing 137 carats, a crown studded with precious stones, a gilded statue of the Virgin, furniture and decorative appliances from the royal families of past dynasties, etc.
Architectural Structure
The Louvre Museum is famous all over the world, not only because of the richness and preciousness of its exhibits, but also because the museum itself is an outstanding art building. According to statistics, the Louvre Museum covers an area of 19 hectares including the courtyard. It lies on the right bank of the Seine River from east to west, with a length of 690 meters on both sides. The entire building is magnificent. The hundreds of spacious halls used to display treasures are magnificent. The walls and tops of the halls are decorated with exquisite murals and fine reliefs. Everywhere is the crystallization of painstaking art, which is breathtaking. Visiting this art palace is an unforgettable experience. During the hundreds of years of historical development of the Louvre, it was originally a relatively scattered group of buildings and did not form a whole like it is today. This situation changed after 1981. In September 1981, François Mitterrand promised at a press conference after being elected as President of the French Republic: "Let the Louvre be restored." original purpose”, which refers to the move of the Treasury out of the “Richelieu Wing”. The "Richelieu Wing" was built between 1852 and 1857. It is 195 meters long and 80 meters wide. It is an integral part of the Louvre and has been occupied by the Ministry of Finance since 1871. In July 1989, the then Finance Minister Edouard Balladur left this delightful place only after repeated requests.
The withdrawal and opening of the "Richelieu Wing" suddenly increased the exhibition area of 21,500 square meters, 3 courtyards and 165 new exhibition halls in the Louvre, and displayed 12,000 works of art, including 3,000. It was taken out of the storage room, and the exhibits of the Louvre Museum were greatly increased.