Why did Yuan blue and white plum vase come from behind in the collection world? What is its unique charm?
Why did Yuan blue and white plum vase come from behind in the collection world? What is its unique charm? The blue and white plum vase of the Yuan Dynasty was unearthed from Muying's tomb in Jiangjun Mountain, Jiangning Development Zone, Nanjing. It is a rare treasure among the blue and white porcelain of the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. It is now collected in the Nanjing Museum and is the "treasure of the museum", China. One of the three wonders of porcelain.
Blue and white porcelain is the representative porcelain of Jingdezhen Kiln in the Yuan Dynasty. These are two very distinctive and valuable categories. Blue and white has strong coloring power, stable color, and the pattern will never fade. Its style is quiet, elegant, pure and beautiful. The smooth and translucent blue and white glaze and the elegant and clear white body are cleverly combined to set off each other, which is quite characteristic of Chinese ink painting and marks the arrival of a new era from plain porcelain to colored porcelain. The distinct decorative features and the decorative techniques of painting, carving, scratching and printing have opened up a new way for the development of Chinese ceramic art.
The Yuan blue and white plum vase is a rare treasure among Yunnan blue and white porcelain in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. It has a very unique blue and white pattern, which reflects the extremely high level of firing. Plum vase is a funerary object in high-level tombs in the Ming Dynasty. It has the function of calming the tomb and warding off evil spirits. In addition to being a symbol of status, there are also feng shui considerations. Non-royal officials are not allowed to enjoy such funerary objects. This piece of porcelain has a small mouth, broad shoulders, slanted belly, narrowed shin, and flat bottom. It has a beautiful shape, rounded and smooth lines, graceful and luxurious, giving people a dignified aesthetic feeling. The blue and white patterns painted on the porcelain bottles have various levels and are very unique.
Blue and white blue and white pieces from the Yuan Dynasty are rare in the world. There are only more than a hundred pieces in the country, and their value is inestimable. In 2005, a porcelain jar titled "Gui Valley Down the Mountain" was auctioned for a sky-high price. The related Yuan blue and white plum vase is superior in porcelain body texture and blue and white hair color, and the flowers, characters and other plots painted are lifelike and lifelike. Moreover, there are only five Yuan blue and white plum vases like this in the world, and the other two have been spread abroad. How to identify the characteristics of Yuan blue and white:
(1) Look at the shape of the vessel
For the shape of bottles, jars and other vessels, you should carefully look at the rim, neck, shoulders, abdomen, The soles of the feet should be inspected to see if there are any characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty vessel shape. At the same time, the weight of the carcass of the vessel shape should also be identified to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the vessel shape. In the Yuan Dynasty, the shapes of vessels such as bottles and cans were generally thick and hard.
(2) Look at the glaze color
The glaze color of Yuan blue and white porcelain is white with slight blue flashes, which is translucent and translucent, but there are also blue and white porcelains that are whiter or greener. Blue and white porcelain such as bottles and jars from the middle and early Yuan Dynasty (Yanyou period) is glazed with a transparent blue and white glaze. When you touch the glaze, it looks like glutinous rice. Sometimes the glaze color appears matte and wooden. When viewed from a distance, the glaze appears light blue-gray. It appears yellowish brown, and if you look closely, there are sparse white dots stuck to the blue and white glaze. A few fine skin shell layers can be seen on the glaze of the body. When looking at the body glaze under oblique light, the glaze slightly shows irregular glaze line stripes. The blue and white porcelain with white glaze, prefectural glaze and egg white glaze that was fired during the Zhizheng period was mostly off-white with a slight flash of green. It was a white glaze containing cyan, showing a transparent glass texture.
(3) Look at the blue and white porcelain
The color of Yuan blue and white porcelain is unstable, and the blue and white color is hazy. The blue and white material is divided into two types: one is thick and bright, green and rich; There are black rust spots, commonly known as "black spots". When touching the thick areas with your hands, the blue and white glaze will feel uneven. This is the unique coloring effect of imported "Sunibo Qing" material; the other is domestic material. , the blue and white hair color of the domestic material is blue with gray, and some color is blue with grayish color or the blue and white hair color is blue with gray. The blue and white peony pattern of the Yanyou period penetrates deep into the fetal bones and forms a cloud-like mass, as if lurking on the fetal bones, creating a three-dimensional effect that seems to flicker. The floating blue and white are close to the glaze, and the scattered blue and white appear to explode. The floating blue and white glaze shows thick black threads and small dots. The blue and white decoration is close to the glaze and is slightly concave. This is also the basic key to identifying Jingdezhen Yuan blue and white porcelain.
(4) Look at the decoration
The decoration of blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty can be divided into two categories. The first type is painting and decoration using imported materials, which has the characteristics of dense composition, rich layers and neat painting. For example, the patterns of large plates are mostly composed of three to five layers of dense patterns, and the patterns of bottles and cans are mostly composed of three to eight layers of patterns. The patterns have the characteristics of harmonious subject and guest, and are complex but not chaotic. The pattern themes are rich and diverse, and they are based on characters. The story consists of patterns of twining flowers, fish algae, lotus ponds, double phoenix flowers, consecrated branches, bamboo, stone, flowers, melons and fruits. The flower pattern has the characteristics of large flowers and leaves. Among them, the petals of the twining lotus are mostly painted in the shape of gourds. , the edges of the peony decoration are painted in the shape of white beads, the auxiliary variant lotus petal patterns are often spaced, and the border interior is decorated with blue and white flowers and other features.
The other type of blue and white is painted with domestic materials. Its patterns are smooth and unrestrained. The pattern composition is relatively simple and the painting is rough. Various flower patterns are the most common. (5) Look at the inner wall
Most of the inner walls of Yuan blue and white porcelain vases and jars are not glazed, and the inner walls are made of sand. The body of the vessel is usually made in sections and bonded together, so there are often obvious gaps between the belly and the bottom of the vessel. Tire marks. The connection between the inside of the plum bottle and the shoulder is mostly not repaired, so it has a rough feeling. The tire marks on the inner wall are mostly convex tire marks ranging from about 1 to 2 mm, with irregular thickness and size, and a round and delicate texture when touched by hand. The sand tire on the inner wall of the bottle is slightly light yellow, and the trachoma on the inner wall of the bottle and the thin and small stones on the inner wall are clearly visible. The upper part of the abdomen is generally not repaired, and there are many tire repairing marks from the lower part of the abdomen to the bottom. The sand holes on the inner wall of the bottle are clearly visible. . Starlight spots flash out from the inner wall of the sandy eye when viewed diagonally under strong light, emitting bright light, also known as yin-yang light spot.
(6) Look at the soles and feet
The bottoms of blue and white porcelain vases and jars of the Yuan Dynasty are mostly in the shape of concave feet, with wide and thick soles, and a few soles are tapered on the outside. , the digging foot can be shallow or deep, mostly shallow foot digging. The rims of bowls and plates are mostly tapered on the outside, but whether they are cut or round ware, the rims have a more regular and irregular feel. Some soles of the feet, such as bottles and cans, have a tight feeling, while others have a slightly loose texture, with fine blisters and black pockmarks clearly visible, and some soles are slightly raised in the shape of a heart. There are many spiral marks on the soles of bottles and jars, which are flint red and ocher red. Some of the circles and soles of the soles have small and clear stones clearly visible. There are also clear and small black glaze marks of different sizes, and there are natural Exploded.
(7) Look at the color development and bubbles
The color development of Yuan blue and white is also very important. The outer foot ring of bottles and cans generally has a thicker glaze that shows aqua, and there are also obvious If it is duck egg blue, the glaze on the body of the vessel will often appear bluish white, light blue, or yellowish brown. The blue and white porcelain vases and jars of the mid-to-early Yuan Dynasty have obvious color development. The color development shows different colors of the glaze according to changes in dryness, humidity, temperature and seasons in the air. Slight sweating sometimes occurs on the glaze of blue and white porcelain such as bottles and jars from the middle and early Yuan Dynasty, usually during hot seasons. There are also mostly no bubbles on the blue and white glazes of the blue and white glazes and privy glazes of the middle and early Yuan Dynasty. There will be bubbles on the blue and white porcelain, white glaze and egg white glaze that were fired from the Zhizheng period, but there will be two types of bubbles, large and small. There are many small bubbles. The glaze of Yuan blue and white porcelain is mostly dry and translucent.