Bosten L.
Climatic characteristics
The typical continental desert climate with changeable spring climate, hot and dry summer, rapid cooling in autumn and severe cold in winter is also the transitional zone of the climate in northern and southern Xinjiang. Due to the blocking of Altai Mountain, Tianshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, Pamir and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the ocean airflow can not reach the lake area smoothly, thus forming a climate with large annual temperature difference, large evaporation and little rain.
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Topography
The Bosten Lake Basin is located in a closed intermountain basin-Yanqi Basin, and its topography is high in the north and low in the south. From the piedmont to Bosten Lake, it is the piedmont alluvial inclined plain, the Kaidu River Delta and the Bosten Lake Basin in turn. The south and north sides of Bosten Lake are relatively high in altitude, which is less affected by the change of lake water level, while the west and east sides respond obviously to the change of lake water level, which means that the west and east sides of Bosten Lake are more easily affected by the change of lake water level because of their flat terrain, while the south and north sides are less affected by the change of lake water level because of their high terrain.
Hydrological characteristics
The interannual variation between runoff and water level is great, and the water level shows a downward-upward-downward trend; The precipitation is small, the interannual change is not big, and the evaporation is large, showing a fluctuating upward trend. Precipitation has an inhibitory effect on evaporation, and precipitation in the source area of Kaidu River is the main recharge source of runoff in Kaidu River. The change of water level in Bosten Lake is influenced by climate and human activities. Climate changes runoff indirectly by adjusting temperature and precipitation, while human activities mainly affect water level through land reclamation, inter-basin water diversion and downstream water distribution.
biological resources
fishery
from the late 196s to the early 197s, it was introduced many times, and the fishery resources were abundant. Rich in all kinds of freshwater fish, it is the largest fishery production base in Xinjiang.
Phragmites communis
Phragmites communis in Bosten Lake swamp grows densely, which is one of the four concentrated reed producing areas in China.
Abundant bird resources
(Jieyang, Guangdong Province, March 217) The following picture shows the regional map of Bosten Lake, which is the largest inland freshwater lake in China and surrounded by many deserts. River recharge accounts for 94.8% of the total amount of lake water, and evaporation accounts for 6.45% of the total amount of lake water, but the total amount of evaporation has an upward trend. The water level in the lake area varies greatly in seasons, but it has a decreasing trend in recent years. The phenomenon of lake land breeze is obvious in the lake area (lake land breeze is a local weather phenomenon with a 24-hour cycle formed between a large water area and land). According to the average data for many years, the time for the land wind to change to the lake wind in the summer half year of Bosten Lake is 11-12 am, about two hours earlier than that in the winter half year.
1. The seasonal variation of water level in Bosten Lake is reduced because of
① global warming and glacier degradation, resulting in the decrease of river water entering the lake;
② The temperature rises, which leads to the intensification of lake water evaporation;
③ human economic activities over-quoted the river water entering the lake, which reduced the river water entering the lake and lowered the water level in the wet season;
④ The water level changes greatly during the dry season in winter, which reduces the seasonal variation of the water level in Bosten Lake.
a.123B.234C.124D.1342
2. Try to guess the weakest possible season for the land breeze in Bosten Lake
A. Spring B. Summer
C. Autumn D. Winter
3. The leading factor that affects the time when the land breeze turns to lake breeze in summer half year is < In winter, the amount of water in the lake is the least, and the difference with the surrounding heat capacity is small.
land breeze: the temperature of the lake is high and the pressure is low; Land temperature is low, high pressure, and high pressure blows to low pressure. It usually appears from night to the next morning.
Lake blowing wind: the temperature of the lake is low and the pressure is high; Land temperature is high and low. It usually appears around noon, and the solar altitude angle is large.
In summer, the days are long, the sunrise is early, the sun's altitude angle is large, and the land absorbs more heat, so the land wind turns to lake wind earlier than in winter.
? (216 Fuzhou No.8 Middle School Six Models) Read the contour topographic map of a certain area in China.
1. The following statements about the characteristics of Lake A are correct:
A. Internal flow lake, with high salinity
B. Peacock River is the largest river injected into the lake
C. The water level of the lake has little seasonal change
D. The lake is mainly supplied by glacial meltwater
2. B city is an important melon and fruit production base in China. The leading factors that affect the development of melon and fruit planting in this area are
A. light B. water source
C. soil D. terrain
Answer D B
(217 Hunan Six Schools Alliance) Material 1? Kaidu River is one of the major rivers in Xinjiang, with a length of about 61 kilometers, a drainage area of 22, square kilometers, a total drop of 1,75 meters, an average annual runoff of 3.362 billion cubic meters and a hydraulic reserve of 1.4 million kilowatts. It is one of the three planned hydropower development bases in Xinjiang. Bosten Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Xinjiang.
material 2? Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of Kaidu River Basin.
Analyze the main reasons why Bosten Lake has become a freshwater lake. (6 points)
Answer: Kaidu River is rich in runoff, and the runoff flowing into lakes is large (2 points); Bosten Lake has higher latitude, higher altitude and lower evaporation (2 points); There are rivers flowing out from the southwest of the lake (Peacock River), and the salt accumulation is low (2 points).
The salinity of small extension water is mainly considered from the factors such as precipitation, evaporation, sealing degree, injected runoff and discharged runoff.
(Zhongshan Simulation 6, Guangdong Province, 216) Bosten Lake was originally the largest freshwater lake in Xinjiang. Freshwater reeds are widely distributed along the western coast of the lake, but there are almost no freshwater reeds along the eastern coast. At present, there are more than 12 kinds of birds and birds in Bosten Lake, such as swans, wild geese, egrets and water ducks. Every spring, they come to the beautiful Bosten Lake and thrive here. Lake water, reeds, all kinds of waterfowl and birds form a perfect and harmonious natural landscape with nature.
(1) Tell the topographic features of Bosten Lake basin, and point out the judgment basis. (8 points)
(2) Analyze the reasons why there are more fresh water reeds along the west coast of Bosten Lake than on the east coast. (9 points)
(3) Analysis of the reasons why the Bosten Lake has become a migratory bird every spring (9 points)
Answer
(1) Features: the western and northern parts of the lake basin are gentle, while the eastern and southern parts are steep.
basis: at different periods, the lake water level line is dense in the east and south, but sparse in the west and north. (8 points)
(2) (The west side of the lake is relatively flat (with a small slope) and the shoal area is wide (3 points); (a) River injection, carrying more sediment (organic matter) and high soil fertility (3 points); There are rivers flowing in and out on the west side, with abundant (fresh) water resources and low lake salinity (3 points).
(3) During the Spring Festival, the temperature rises, the ice and snow melt, the grass is exposed, and the bait is rich; The continuous improvement of the ecological environment of Bosten Lake; The awareness of the people of all ethnic groups to protect wild animals and plants has been continuously improved; There are few people, which has little impact on migratory birds; The lake is located on the way of migratory birds migrating northward in spring. (Answer 3 points, get 9 points)
Analysis of the main considerations for wildlife habitat: few people, food, suitable hydrothermal conditions and other factors.
The river in the west of the small extension lake flows into the lake and supplies fresh water for the lake, which can be judged from the contour line. The contour line of 12m bends upward into a valley, and the river flows from high to low. The rivers in the south flow out of the lake and discharge salt for the lake, which is also judged by the contour line of 1m m.