Information about Vienna
Vienna (German: Wien), (English: Vienna) the capital of Austria, August 30, 2011, in the latest report on the world's most livable cities, Vienna is the most livable city in the world Ranked second. It is a world-renowned cultural city and is known as the "City of Music". Many musicians spent most of their careers here, and their handwritings and scores are still in the museum. It is also known as the "City of Architecture" for its exquisite buildings with different styles; it is also known as the "City of Culture" for its long history; and it is known as the "City of Decoration" for its exquisite decorations. Vienna's New Year's Concert has become an international music event. Located in the Vienna Basin (lu) at the northern foot of the Alps in northeastern Austria, it is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with the sparkling Danube River passing through the city, and surrounded by the famous Vienna Woods. It covers an area of 414.65 square kilometers and has a population of 1.7 million (statistics in 2008), accounting for more than one-fifth of the country's population. Statue of Johann Strauss Jr.
Top. Railway hub from Western Europe to the Balkans, Danube Port. Vienna
Vienna (12 photos) Vienna is also the first big city through which the Danube River flows, so it is called the goddess of the Danube River. Open-air concerts are also held in the summer. Each family plays classical music during family fun. What's more interesting is that a song is also played before and after government meetings. Vienna is a city and a state. The area of this state is only 0.5% of the national territory, but one-fifth of Austria's population is concentrated here. Vienna is the political, economic and cultural center of the Republic of Austria. The Austrian Federal Parliament, National Assembly, Presidential Palace, Chancellery, national government ministries and the highest judicial institutions are all gathered in this city. At the same time, the city of Vienna also enjoys an important international status. The United Nations and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries both have offices in Vienna. Vienna was the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the past, and its past luxurious style still exists. It is one of the oldest and most important cultural, artistic and tourist cities in Europe. After World War II, Viennese people rebuilt the devastated city. Today, all of Vienna's historic buildings have been renovated. With Austria's accession to the European Union, Vienna has once again become the center of business and economic exchanges between Eastern and Western Europe. For tourists, Vienna has many different faces. Music admirers will travel thousands of miles to visit the temple of music for a concert. For many tourists, strolling along the charming Danube River is very desirable. Geographic environment Vienna is located in a basin at the northern foot of the Alps, covering an area of 414.65 square kilometers. It is the smallest federal state in Austria and the only federal state that is not adjacent to other countries. Due to Vienna's important status, it is the federal state with the largest transportation and construction area in Austria. 11.3% of the area is construction land, 11.1% is road transportation, and 2.2% is railway track. Vienna is also the greenest federal state with a green area of 117.76 square kilometers and a coverage rate of 28.4%. The area of rivers and lakes is 19.1 square kilometers, accounting for 4.6%, second only to Burgenland. Vienna is also one of the four federal states in Austria where grapes are grown, with vineyards accounting for 1.7% of the area. The forest coverage rate is 16.6%, and agricultural land accounts for 15.8%. Vienna *** is divided into 23 administrative districts. The reason why Vienna has become one of the most important and largest cities in Central Europe should be attributed to its superior geographical location. Vienna is located between the northeastern foothills of the Alps and the northwest of the Vienna Basin. Vienna developed from the south of the Danube River and now extends to both banks of the Danube River. It is the intersection of the east-west Danube route and the north-south Amber Road. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Austria's transportation and economic relations with its northern and eastern neighbors have developed significantly, and its proximity to Eastern Europe is striking. Vienna is only 60 kilometers away from Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. This is the closest distance between two capitals in Europe, apart from Vatican City and Rome. The altitude of Vienna ranges from Lobau Island on the Danube River at 151 meters to the highest peak in the Vienna Woods at 542 meters. To the east of Vienna is the March River (Ma Vienna
rch) plain, and to the southeast is the Danube Steppe National Park. The northwest, west and southwest of Vienna are surrounded by the Vienna Woods, which extends into the city. The Danube River flows through the city of Vienna. In addition to the Danube River, there are many small rivers flowing into the city from the Vienna Woods, including the Vienna River. The mountains to the west connect to the glacier corridor to the south. This area is Vienna's grape growing area. Vienna's residential areas are mainly concentrated in the western part of the city where the air quality is better, while the industrial areas are concentrated in the eastern part of the city. The Vienna Forest surrounds the urban area, and the Danube River flows quietly through the urban area. The famous Vienna Woods surrounds the city from the west, north and south, and the vast Eastern European plain faces it from the east, lush and vibrant everywhere. Vienna has a beautiful environment and charming scenery. It is known as the "Goddess of the Danube".
Edit this paragraph The Goddess of the Danube
Vienna is known as the "Goddess of the Danube". The environment is beautiful, the scenery is charming, the winter is warm and the summer is cool. The Vienna Forest Mountains, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretch in the western suburbs and are covered with green forests. To the west of the mountain is a gorgeous residential area surrounded by gardens and vineyards.
The Danube River runs through the city, with green water, beautiful mountains and picturesque scenery. Climbing to the foothills of the Alps to the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Woods"; to the east of the city, facing the Danube Basin, you can overlook the shining green peaks of the Carpathian Mountains. The broad grassland in the north is like a huge green tapestry, with the sparkling blue Danube River meandering through it. The houses are built along the mountain slope, with multiple buildings and buildings, and clear layers. Looking from afar, church buildings of various styles cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are in a radiating ring shape, 50 meters wide, and the inner city is within the ringed avenue lined with trees. The cobblestone streets in the inner city are criss-crossed, with few high-rise buildings.
Vienna Night Scene (20 photos) are mostly Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spiers of the medieval St. Stephen's Cathedral and the Twin Towers Church tower into the clouds, and its south tower is 138 meters high, overlooking the city. Chambrunn Palace was the summer palace of the Habsburg Dynasty, with Greek-style buildings, statues and fountains. There is a large park on the island between the Danube River and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, built in 1869, is known as the world opera center. The 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long Ring Road built in 1857 is lined with important buildings such as museums, city hall, parliament, universities, and the National Opera House, making it one of the most beautiful urban thoroughfares in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the ring road and another parallel ring road. This area is a commercial area, a residential area, and there are also palaces, churches, etc. built in between. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer. There are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these many palaces, the Schönbrunn Palace located in the southwest of the city attracts attention. This is a relic of the prosperous period in Austria's history. The "Belvedere Palace" in the southeast of the city was built by Prince Eugen during the early 18th century when Emperor Karl made great achievements in resisting the Turkish invasion. The northeastern and southern suburbs are industrial zones with metallurgy, machinery, automobiles, railway vehicles, chemical industry and other sectors. Clothing and printing output account for more than half of the country's total. Mozart Statue
Edit this paragraph City Population
In the early 20th century, Vienna was once the sixth largest city in the world. Vienna’s population increased rapidly during the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918). Vienna, which once had a population of 2 million and was the fourth largest city in the world after London, New York and Paris, was home to many immigrants from other parts of the empire. After World War I, many Czechs returned to their homeland, which led to a depopulation of the city, with Vienna losing a quarter of its population. During the following immigration period, approximately one-third of the population had Slavic and Hungarian surnames. The current urban population of Vienna is 1.7 million (2008 statistics).
Edit this paragraph Transportation in Vienna
Aviation
Vienna International Airport is also called Schwechat Airport (Schwechat). The airport is 16 kilometers away from the city and has convenient transportation. At present, flights have been opened to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other domestic Greater Schwechat Airport cities as well as many international cities. There are also flights to other cities in Austria, such as Salzburg, Graz and Innsbruck. Vienna Airport is different from many airports. Departures and arrivals are in the same hall. Arriving guests need to go through the crowds waiting for departure, follow the "Arrival" sign, and you can see the border guard station after reaching the ground floor. It is very convenient to get from the airport to the city. There are many means of transportation to choose from: airport bus, airport express train and taxi.
Railway
The most convenient means of transportation to travel around Austria is the train. Vienna trains are in good condition, clean, punctual and fast. Starting from Vienna, tourists generally choose the following routes: Vienna-Linz-Salzburg (entering Germany) Vienna-Bruck an der Mur (Bruck an der Mur)-Klagenfurt-Villach (entering Italy) From Vienna to Salzburg about 3 hours and 20 minutes, first class 74.4 euros, second class 46.6 euros, to Graz 2 hours 40 minutes, first class 52.6 euros, second class 34 euros, to Linz 3 hours and 28 minutes, first class 46.8 euros, second class 30.6 euros, 6 hours to Innsbruck, first class 92 euros, second class 62.8 euros. ⊿ Austrian Railway Card is applicable to all routes of the Austrian Federal Railways and is valid for any three consecutive days of travel within the validity period of 15 days. You can contact the travel agency to purchase. ⊿ European Rail Card Austria is part of the European rail system. With the European Rail Discount Card, you can get a 50% discount on any Austrian Federal Railways line and Danube Air Transport Line, and it also applies to the full fare between points. EurailCards can be purchased outside Europe.
Water Transport
The Danube River connects the two capitals of Vienna and Budapest, Hungary. Shipping is a very practical mode of transportation between the two capitals. It takes 5 hours to sail downstream from Vienna to Budapest and 6 hours and 20 minutes to sail upstream from Budapest to Vienna.
Edit climate characteristics of this paragraph
Vienna has a Central European climate. The west is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, with large temperature differences between winter and summer and between day and night, and it is rainy. The east has a continental climate, with small temperature differences and little rainfall. The Alps have long cold winters and relatively cool summers. The average temperature in July is 14-19°C, and the highest temperature is generally 32°C.
Vienna is affected by both the maritime climate from the west and the continental climate from the east, and it has a transitional climate. Vienna has very little precipitation and a long dry period. Winters are warmer than other Austrian cities. The average temperature in the city center is 10.4°C and in the suburbs is about 9.8°C. The average precipitation is about 600 mm. There are about 60 days of summer in a year and 70 days in the year. It's the freezing period, and the weather is extremely cold, very cold.
Edit this historical evolution
Vienna is an ancient city with a history of more than 1,800 years. Vienna has been inhabited since the Neolithic Age. The Celts founded Vienna around 500 BC and called it "Vedunia". In 15 AD, it became a frontline city of the Roman Empire to defend the Germanic tribes in the north. The Romans called it "Vindobona". The Romans built a castle here in the 1st century AD. It was first recorded as "Vinia" in 881 AD. It became a handicraft and commercial center in the 12th century. It was the capital of the Habsburg dynasty from the end of the 13th century to 1918, and later Austria. capital. By 1137 it became the capital of the Principality of Austria. After that, Wei also became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire (from 1278). At the end of the 13th century, with the rise of the Habsburg royal family, it developed rapidly and magnificent Gothic buildings sprung up. After the 15th century, it became the capital of the Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. Every Ottoman invasion of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was blocked in Vienna. In the 18th century, during the reign of Maria Teresia and her son, they were keen on reforms, combated the power of the church, promoted social progress, and brought about the prosperity of art. Vienna gradually became the center of European classical music and gained the reputation of "Music City" . With the growth of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the 19th century, Vienna also became an important city in Europe at that time, becoming the capital of the Austrian Empire (since 1806) and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (since 1867). In 1873, Vienna held the 106-day World's Fair. During World War II, Austria merged with Nazi Germany again. After the war, Austria and Vienna, like Germany and Berlin, were divided into four control zones by Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union. Until 1955, Austria was once again divided into until independence is achieved. During the Cold War, Vienna was a hotbed of international espionage because it was a neutral country between the Eastern and Western blocs.
Prehistoric times, Roman times, the Middle Ages
Archaeological discoveries have shown that Vienna had human activities in the Paleolithic Age, and people have lived in the Vienna Basin since the Neolithic Age. Vienna has good weather conditions and The rich land resources provided a good living environment for Neolithic farmers, and the russet and green stones required for casting stone tools could also be mined in Vienna. The Copper Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age also left traces of human habitation in Vienna. In about 500 BC, the Celts established a residential area called "Vedunia" on the site of what is now Vienna. In the 1st century AD, the Roman Empire stationed troops and built a city near the Danube River (now the city center of Vienna) to Guarding the borders of the province of Pannonia. The Romans stayed there until the 5th century. There was a devastating fire in Vienna at the beginning of the 5th century, and the next record appears in the battle with the Magyars in 881. In 955, King Otto I of the East Frankish Kingdom defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld, marking the rise of Vienna and Austria.
Era of the Babenberg Dynasty
In 976, Leopold I of the Babenberg family was granted the title of Lord of the Eastern Border of Bavaria (Mark) by Otto II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. This fiefdom on the border of Hungary later evolved into Austria. The name "Austria" appeared in history books for the first time in 996, and Ostarrichi means "Eastern Mark". In the 11th century, Vienna was already an important trading city. In 1155, Henry II made Vienna the capital. One year later, on September 17, 1156, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I granted Henry II of Austria a small privilege to make Austria the capital. It was promoted from a vassal territory attached to Bavaria to an independent duchy, with Vienna becoming the capital of the duchy. Vienna became the second city in Austria to enjoy economic development rights after Enns in 1221. Merchants passing through Vienna had to sell their goods in the city. This made Vienna quickly become a crucial city on the road from the Danube to Venice. An important trading city.
The Habsburg Era
The Habsburg Dynasty ruled in Vienna for hundreds of years. During this period, Vienna developed into the cultural and political center of Europe. In 1278, the German King Rudolf I of Habsburg (reigned from 1273 to 1291) defeated the Bohemian King Ottokar II of the Babenberg Dynasty after many conquests, and started the Habsburg Dynasty. History of the rule of Austria.
But in Vienna, the Habsburgs took a long time to establish their dominance. After Ottokar II was killed in the battle of 1278, his supporters in Vienna remained strong and launched many campaigns against the German king. The revolt of Albert I (reigned 1298-1308), and Henry VII of Luxembourg (reigned 1308-1313, Holy Roman Emperor 1312-1313) who succeeded Albrecht I The capital was established in Prague, and Vienna's urban development fell into the shadows. Vienna Opera House
After that, Rudolf IV (Duke of Austria from 1358 to 1365) promulgated and implemented a series of economic policies, which restored Vienna's vitality. He established the University of Vienna in 1365 and ordered the construction of the Vienna University of Vienna. Stephen's Cathedral, he made a great contribution to Vienna and was therefore known as the "Builder of Vienna". However, he later participated in the fight for the Habsburg inheritance, which caused constant riots in Vienna and economic performance. decline. After Duke Albert II of Austria (1404-1439 Duke of Austria, 1438-1439 King of Germany) was elected King of Germany in 1438, Vienna again became the capital, but during his reign 1421-1422 The first large-scale deportation and persecution of Vienna's Jews. The weak Frederick III (King of Germany from 1440 to 1493, Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 to 1493, Archduke of Austria from 1457 to 1493) lost the war with Matthias Hunyadi, King of Hungary. Including almost all Austrian territories in Vienna. After Hungary and Bohemia were annexed to the Habsburgs in 1556, Vienna eventually became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
Two sieges of Vienna and the glorious era of the Baroque
The Ottoman Empire first besieged Vienna in 1529. The Austrians relied on the city walls left over from the medieval period to resist the Turks with difficulty attack, the Turks were forced to withdraw due to the outbreak of the epidemic and the early arrival of winter. The siege of the Turks exposed the weakness of Vienna's defenses, so from 1548 Vienna decided to transform it into a fortress consisting of 11 fortresses and a trench. This decision later proved to be a wise one. In 1683, the Turks besieged Vienna for the second time. The renovated fortress defended Vienna for two months until King Jan Sobieski of Poland sent troops to help and lifted the second siege. The siege of Vienna also led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire. After experiencing two sieges by the Turks, Vienna began a glorious era of construction. During the reconstruction process, it continued to display the Baroque art style. Nobles built gardens and palaces within the city walls. The most famous of them was Prince Eugen's Bell. Buddha Palace. Belvedere Palace (Belverde Palace)
After experiencing a major population decline caused by two major pest and infectious diseases in 1679 and 1713, Vienna's population continued to increase, reaching 150,000 in 1724 and 1790 in 1790. The year exceeded 200,000. During this era, Vienna established its first factories, laid urban sewers and street cleaning systems, and improved the city's sanitary conditions. Vienna was also one of the first cities to introduce a housing numbering system and a national postal system. After Joseph II (Archduke of Austria from 1780 to 1790, Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790) reformed city administration in 1783, he introduced a city civil service and also moved the inner city cemeteries out of the city. Karl's Cathedral
With the rapid development of the city, Vienna soon became one of the most important cultural centers in Europe. Haydn, Salieri, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert promoted Viennese classicism. Towards the top.
Vienna under the rule of the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire
During the French Revolutionary War, Vienna was occupied twice by Napoleon's troops. The first occurred on November 13, 1805. The French army entered Vienna without any resistance, and the citizens of Vienna even welcomed them with curiosity. Francis II wore the Austrian crown in 1804 in response to Napoleon's proclaimed emperor, becoming the first emperor of Austria and beginning the history of the Austrian Empire. Napoleon disbanded the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and Francis II had to take off the crown of the Holy Roman Empire and become the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (reigned from 1792 to 1806). In 1809, Napoleon occupied Vienna for the second time, but this time he encountered stubborn resistance. Shortly after capturing Vienna, he tasted his first major defeat at the Battle of Aspern. After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna was held from September 18, 1814 to June 9, 1815. This was a diplomatic conference of European powers initiated by the Austrian diplomat Clemens Metternich to provide Napoleon with peace. Realigning the political map of Europe after defeat. The French February Revolution of 1848 also had an impact on Vienna. First, the German March Revolution broke out on March 13, forcing Prime Minister Clemens Metternich to step down, and then the Vienna October Uprising occurred on October 6. Eventually it was suppressed by the emperor's troops.
1873 Vienna World's Fair
Vienna began to expand in 1850 and once again showed its glory. In 1867, when the Austro-Hungarian Empire was established, the "Waltz King" Johann Strau Jr. He composed Austria's most famous waltz, "The Blue Danube." This period of glory reached its peak at the 5th World's Fair in Vienna in 1873, which showcased unprecedented architectural design. Although the Austro-Hungarian Empire entered its end, during this period Vienna once again reached the pinnacle of culture represented by Viennese Modernism. The Art Nouveau movement was launched in urban architecture, and paintings highlighted Gustav Klimt. Klimt and Egon Schiele (Egon Schiele), in music there are Mahler and Lehar, the "Viennese Second School" of Schoenberg, Webern and Alban Berg, Sig Mond Freud pioneered psychoanalysis. Johann Strauss Jr.
World War I and the First Austrian War
Although World War I did not directly affect Vienna, it was a protracted The war caused a crisis in the supply of food and clothing. The end of World War I announced the end of the six-century rule of the Habsburg dynasty and the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. On November 12, 1918, the German-Austrian Republic of Germany was established in front of the Vienna Parliament. It was renamed in 1919. It is the Austrian Republic, the first Austrian Republic. Almost half of Austria's population lives in Lower Austria, where Vienna is located. The other six federal states are worried about being permanently dominated by Lower Austria. In addition, there are serious conflicts between social democratic Vienna and the rest of conservative Lower Austria. Due to political opposition, Austria decided to separate Vienna from Lower Austria in 1921, and Vienna became a federal state of Austria in 1922. At the same time, equal suffrage for men and women was introduced in Vienna in 1919. Since then, social democracy has always won an absolute majority in elections to the city senate, state parliament, and local councils. Vienna was therefore called "Red Vienna." Mozart Statue in Vienna
During the First Republic of Austria, Vienna experienced inflation from 1918 to 1925, the world economic crisis of 1929 and high unemployment. In addition, the conservative Austrian federal government has year by year reduced Austria’s tax support. Hitler came to power in 1933. As Chancellor of the German Empire in 1938, Hitler marched and annexed Austria, ending the history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and establishing the Nazi dictatorship.
Vienna under Nazi rule
One of the six large reinforced concrete anti-aircraft batteries built during World War II still exists in Vienna. In 1908, the 19-year-old Hitler applied for the Vienna Academy of Art twice, but was not admitted. He could only make a living in Vienna by doing odd jobs and selling copy paintings. He was influenced by the Pan-Germanic National Party in Vienna. Hitler later claimed, "Vienna was and still is the most difficult school in my life. The worldview and philosophy of life formed there later became the solid foundation for all my actions. Apart from the foundation I laid at that time, there were few There is no need to learn anything, and there is no need to change anything." This world view and philosophy of life is that "the reason why human beings are the spirit of all things is not based on the principles of humanity, but only on the most barbaric struggle... If you don't If you struggle, you will not survive." Hitler's genocidal policy against the Jews caused the anti-Semitism that had been buried in Vienna for hundreds of years to resurrect in the 20th century. Shortly after Germany invaded Austria, the Aryan Viennese began to involuntarily threaten, torture and rob Jewish people. Viennese, drive them out of their homes. In the early morning of November 9th and 10th, 1938, known as "Kristallnacht", the Nazis began the organized massacre of Jews. 92 synagogues in Vienna were destroyed, and only one survived. On the one hand, the Nazis defined modern art as "degenerate art" (German: Entartete Kunst); on the other hand, they vigorously promoted Vienna's "German culture", such as when they celebrated the 150th anniversary of Mozart's death (1791) in 1941. The name "Austria" disappeared from historical documents, and only the First Austrian Savings Bank, founded in Vienna in 1819, still retained the name at that time. On March 17, 1944, the Allied forces launched their first air raid on Vienna, destroying one-fifth of the entire city. On April 2, 1945, Vienna was declared a Nazi defensive zone, and women and children were asked to leave the city. This meant that the war had reached a fever pitch, and the Soviet troops were only a few kilometers away from Vienna. The Battle of Vienna lasted eight days and 40,000 people died. Vienna's Stephen's Cathedral survived air raids and wars unscathed, but fell into flames during a sacking.
Allied Occupation and the Second Austrian Peace
Vienna was occupied by the Soviet Union after the end of World War II. Soon the Soviet Red Army began to build new city management institutions, first of which were produced by the Soviet Union. The party member served as the interim mayor, who was replaced by the Austrian Social Democrats three days later.
On April 27, 1945, representatives of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, the Austrian People's Party and the Austrian Communist Party declared Austria's independence at the Vienna City Hall. On April 29, the occupying authorities handed over the parliament building to the provisional new government, "Austrian Democracy*" "Peace" was rebuilt. In the autumn of 1945, the Soviet Union allowed the troops of the other three Allied Powers to enter Vienna. The United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union jointly occupied Vienna. It was not until the Austrian National Treaty was signed on May 15, 1955 that the Allied forces withdrew, and Austria became fully independent. Like other cities in Austria and Western Europe, Vienna experienced economic recovery and urban reconstruction with the help of the Marshall Plan after World War II.
The October Incident in Hungary to the present
The October Incident in Hungary occurred in 1956. After the uprising against the communist authorities failed, a large number of Hungarians fled to the West, and Vienna took in many Hungarians. people. Vienna received many Czechs and Soviets after the 1968 Prague Spring. Vienna is gradually developing into an international city. In 1957, the International Atomic Energy Agency became the first international organization to be stationed in Vienna after 1945. Vienna has been the residence of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and the Development Foundation since 1965. In 1961, U.S. President John F. Kennedy and General Secretary of the Soviet Union Central Committee Khrushchev held a summit meeting in Vienna. In 1979, U.S. President Carter and General Secretary of the Soviet Union Brezhnev met in Vienna. In 1980, the Vienna International Center, the United Nations City, became the third residence of the United Nations. Vienna's positioning became a city for international conferences and the resolution of international conflicts.
Edit this paragraph's political status
In addition to New York and Geneva, Vienna is the third United Nations city. The Austrian International Center, also known as the "United Nations City", was built in 1979. It is majestic and is the gathering place for many United Nations agencies. It was once the seat of the central institution of the Habsburg dynasty that had long dominated Europe; in 1814, Austrian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Metternich used cunning political tactics at the protracted Congress of Vienna; in 1815, the emperors of Russia, Prussia, and Austria The so-called "Holy Alliance" was concluded in an effort to extinguish the bourgeois revolution; in 1848, under the influence of the European Revolution, a barricade war broke out in Vienna, and Metternich fled to London; in 1867, it became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the dominant European power; in the early 1930s, , Hitler became the leader of the German Nazis. In March 1938, he led his army commanders into Vienna, which kicked off the Second World War. During the war, the whole city was bombed 53 times, and many classical buildings were destroyed; 1955 In May 1955, the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France signed the Treaty on the Reconstruction of an Independent and Democratic Austrian State with Austria in the Belvedere Conference Hall, thus ending the 10-year occupation by the four countries; in October 1955 On September 26, the Austrian Parliament declared that constitutional law was "permanently neutral" and this day was designated as National Day. Beethoven Statue
Austria is known as the "Heart of Europe", and Vienna is the "Heart of the Heart". Since ancient times, Vienna has been a transportation hub connecting Eastern and Western Europe and an important passage between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
Edit this paragraph Economic Center
Within the EU, Vienna is a city with a high quality of life and a low crime rate. According to 2007 data, Vienna is the richest city in the EU It ranks fifth among cities, after London, Luxembourg City, Brussels and Hamburg. Vienna is also known as the "springboard to Eastern Europe" because Vienna and its companies have good relations with Central and Eastern Europe. In the context of the EU's eastward enlargement in 2004, many large foreign companies moved their operations to Central and Eastern European countries. Let the branch in Vienna handle it, or open an agency in Vienna to develop the Central and Eastern European markets from Vienna, such as French building materials giant Lafarge Group, Germany's Henkel, REWE Group and Byers Beiersdorf AG. Some foreign companies have acquired Austrian companies in Vienna in order to enter the Central and Eastern European markets, such as the Dutch beverage tycoon Heineken acquiring Austria's largest beer company, and the Italian bank UniCredit acquiring Bank Austria Creditanstalt. Most of Austria's major local companies are headquartered in Vienna, including almost all banks in Austria, Austrian Oil and Gas Group (OMV AG), the world's largest brick manufacturer Wienerberger and Telekom Austria. . The Vienna Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange in Austria. About 900 companies operate agriculture on 16% of Vienna's area, producing about 50,000 tons of vegetables every year, including tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, salad greens and radishes. They supply 70% of Vienna's and 56% of Austria's fresh vegetables seasonally.
Edit this paragraph on culture, education and science