What are the characteristics of the northern climate?
Northern my country mainly has a temperate continental climate, and some areas have a plateau climate.
The temperate continental climate is mainly far away from the ocean, and the moist airflow on the ocean is difficult to reach, and it is controlled by continental air masses all year round. Basic characteristics of climate: ①Cold in winter and warm in summer. The annual temperature range is large, and the daily temperature range is also large. The coldest month occurs in January, and the hottest month occurs in July. The spring temperature is higher than the autumn temperature. ②Precipitation is small and unevenly distributed throughout the seasons, concentrated in summer. Precipitation has large inter-annual variability. Northwest my country has a temperate continental climate.
The plateau climate is a climate formed on a plateau with high altitude, wide ground and gentle undulations. The plateau climate in northern my country is mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau regions. Its characteristics are:
① As the altitude increases, air, water vapor, dust, etc. decrease, direct solar radiation increases, and ultraviolet radiation The enhancement is particularly obvious; but the effective radiation also increases. On a snow-covered plateau, the reflectivity increases and the ground absorbs less radiation, so the net radiation is smaller than that of plains at the same latitude; ② The temperature is low, the diurnal range is large, and the annual range is small; ③ Precipitation occurs on the windward side of the humid air flow It increases in the upper part of the plateau and decreases greatly in the interior of the plateau and on the leeward side; ④ The wind is strong.
There are also the following characteristics:
1. Low-pressure hypoxia
Atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, and the partial pressure of various gases that make up the atmosphere also changes with altitude. The change, that is, decreases with increasing height. The same goes for oxygen partial pressure. As the atmospheric pressure in the plateau area decreases, the oxygen content and oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere also decrease.
2. Cold and Dry
The temperature gradually decreases as the altitude increases. Generally, the temperature drops by about 1℃ for every 1000 meters of elevation. In some areas, it even drops by 1℃ for every 1000 meters of elevation. 150 meters can drop 1℃. The air in most areas of the plateau is thin, dry and cloudless. During the day, the ground receives a large amount of solar radiation energy, and the temperature near the ground rises rapidly. At night, the ground dissipates heat very quickly, and the ground temperature drops sharply. Therefore, the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures in a day on the plateau is very large. Sometimes, the temperature is as high as 20-30℃ during the day, and the temperature can sometimes drop below 0℃ at night and early morning. This is also a major characteristic of the plateau climate.
3. Long sunshine hours and strong solar radiation
The air on the plateau is thin and clean, with less dust and water vapor content. The atmospheric transparency is higher than that in the plains. The solar radiation transmittance increases with altitude. increase by increasing.