Liangzhou, a geomantic treasure land where the Han Dynasty opened up territory (Part 1)

Two thousand one hundred years ago, a wind from the Han Dynasty swept over the Wushaoling Mountains and blew onto the Hexi Corridor. It caused the native Huns to flip over, and the women's scarves flew to pieces. The remnants of the Huns and their wives who had escaped from the war, riding horses and driving cattle and sheep, wept all the way to the desert north or fled to the west, leaving behind a tragic song far away from their homeland. To this day, that tragic song still seems to be echoing in the sky over the thousands of miles of Hexi Corridor.

Losing my Qilian Mountain will make my six animals unable to live;

Losing my Yanzhi Mountain will make my married woman colorless!

The Xiongnu’s lament was a clarion call for victory to the talented and strategic Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

It was 121 BC (the second year of Yuanshou). The 19-year-old Hussar general Huo Qubing led his troops to defeat the tribes of King Hunxie and King Xiutu of the Xiongnu in Hexi, and annihilated more than 40,000 people. The Tianjin people were offered sacrifices. In the city of King Xiutu, King Hunxie saw that the situation was over and those who knew the current affairs were heroes, so he killed King Xiutu who was unwilling to surrender to the Han Dynasty, and led more than 40,000 people to return to the Han Dynasty.

To celebrate this victory that changed China's future destiny, Han Wu gave the land where the wind was rising a powerful and resounding name: Wuwei! The highest state of martial arts is to "stop fighting and turn it into force", not "to start a big fight". The name "Wuwei" named by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reflects the Han family's strategic thinking of "showing off their strength", remembering the "martial power" of the Han Dynasty, and "stopping conflicts with force" and no longer launching large-scale military campaigns.

Since then, Hexi was officially included in the central territory of the Han Dynasty. Wuwei became the rear area for the Han Dynasty's plans for the Western Region, the rear area for raising horses and training troops, the rear area where soldiers and horses were not moved, and food and grass were sent first, and the geomantic treasure land where wind and energy were stored.

01 Are the Huns really that easy to fight?

As soon as today's tourists come to Wuwei and listen to the tour guide's words, and hear that this is the place where Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Hussar General Huo Qubing to defeat the Xiongnu and open the Hexi River, the matter is over.

History has repeatedly proved that peace is created, and so is the country. For this victory, the Han Dynasty prepared for more than sixty years. After several generations of emperors in the early Han Dynasty "doing nothing but doing nothing", history chose Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the early Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty spent more than sixty years recuperating and recuperating, while Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty spent eighteen years working hard. In 140 BC (the first year of Jianyuan) , Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was only sixteen years old, sent Zhang Qian to lead an expedition of 100 people to "empty out" the Western Regions in the second year after he came to the throne.

This fight lasted for decades. After the son fights, the grandson fights, the grandson fights, and the great-grandson fights again. The fight continues, generation after generation. It took four generations and more than 70 years to achieve this victory that has affected China for two thousand years. The victory of the territory and national destiny. First, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty spent five years sending various armies to conquer the Xiongnu in Mobei and Hexi, opening the east gate to the Western Regions, and sent Zhang Qian on a second mission to the Western Regions to unite with the Dayue clan and defeat them. The Xiongnu conquered Dayuan, and their prestige was far-reaching. Han envoys continued to come and go, and they set up fields and plows. After that, the Han-Hungarians formed a tug-of-war in the Western Regions. One came and went, the other increased. Until the early years of Emperor Xuan, the Han-Hungarians still continued. With the Tianshan Mountains as the boundary, the south is the sphere of influence of the Han Dynasty, and the north is the territory of the Xiongnu.

If the Xiongnu is not destroyed, why should we call it home!

In 72 BC, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty Liu Xun came to the throne. The next year, another 160,000 cavalry were sent to attack the Xiongnu in five directions. This was the largest decisive battle against the Xiongnu in the 400 years of the Han Dynasty. Ji, led troops to attack Che Division, and sent Feng Fengshi as an envoy to Dawan to attack Yarkand, pacify the South Road, and conquer the Dawan Kingdom. From Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, it took four generations of the Han family for more than seventy years. In 60 BC (the second year of Liu Shenjue), Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Protectorate, and all the countries in the Western Regions were included in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu's great-grandson Liu Bingji (Liu Xun) proclaimed himself emperor, and Han and Hungarians continued to fight for more than seventy years. The evaluation of the history books is:

"The beginning of Zhang Qian, the end of Zheng Ji, and the wish of Han Wu. Han Xuan was realized. ”

The establishment of the Protectorate of the Western Regions was not only an epoch-making event for the Han Dynasty, but also an epoch-making event in the history of China. From then on, the vast and majestic land north and south of the Tianshan Mountains eventually became the territory of China and the territory of China. Territory. The Han people's perseverance, perseverance, and spirit of never ending their lives have been tempered to steely steadiness during the more than 100 years of fighting against the Huns.

This strong will turned into the Great Wall of the Han Dynasty, climbing all the way over the high mountains and ridges to Hexi, and permanently separated the Xiongnu from Mobei. The Ming Dynasty then extended the Great Wall westward to Jiayuguan, forming a copper and iron wall to protect the country and the people in northern China.

Hexi was the rear area of ​​the Han Dynasty that led to the Western Regions. From Han Wu to Han Xuan, the sixty years of the conquest of the Western Regions were the sixty years in which the Han Dynasty continuously passed through Hexi and promoted the continuous development of Hexi. For a whole sixty years, the soldiers fought hard at the front, and the logistics support troops and Han people worked diligently in the Hexi Corridor to breed good horses. On the land of Wuwei, farming began to flourish, grain and grass were plentiful, livestock was prosperous, and good horses were in droves, which became the strategic rear area of ​​the Han Dynasty's expedition to the Western Regions. The stability of Hexi, the development of the economy, and the taming of good horses continuously provided food, grass and cavalry for the war against the Xiongnu. In particular, the establishment of the Royal Racecourse was equivalent to moving the modern military industry enterprises from Chang'an and Qinchuan, eight hundred miles away, to Wuwei, pushing the movement of grain, grass, troops and horses more than a thousand kilometers westward.

The Han Dynasty relied on the "Han system" to manage Hexi. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to the world, he decisively abandoned the Huang-Lao theory and implemented the "Han system" of "overlord and Taoism". In 89 BC (the fourth year of Zhenghe), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promulgated the first imperial edict in Chinese history, the Luntai Edict, which shifted from harsh criminal laws to loose and moderate laws, from excessive taxation to light corvee and low taxes, and from monopolizing financial profits to Benefiting farmers and enriching the people, the country has shifted from strategic offense to strategic defense, and embarked on a path of governance that combines "ruling the country with virtue" and "ruling the country according to law." This national policy has lasted for more than a hundred years. It was not until Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty came to power that Prince Liu Shi (Emperor Han Yuan) advised Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty to favor Confucian scholars, which angered Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and almost deprived him of the crown prince position. Emperor Xuan said: "The Han family has its own system, which is based on the overlord's way. However, it is purely moral education and uses Zhou government! He sighed and said: 'The one who messes up my family is the prince!".

In 48 BC (the first year of the Chu Yuan Dynasty), after Liu Shi came to the throne, he ignored his father's reprimand that "anyone who messes with my family is the prince" and immediately abandoned the "overlord Dao Zazhi" and "supreme" "Confucianism", giving priority to Confucian scholars, "ruling the country by virtue" over "ruling the country by law", Confucianism has gradually become the mainstream thought in China for more than two thousand years.

Wuwei, who does not know what "ruling by doing nothing" means, has been baptized by the culture of "overlord Taoism" and the culture of "exclusive respect for Confucianism" for more than a hundred years since it was included in the territory of the Han Dynasty. edification. With the migration of Han people from the Central Plains, they settled, took root and flourished. Wuwei is no longer the back garden where the Huns took a leisurely stroll, or the pasture where nomadic people lived by the water and let their horses follow the grass. It has become a brightly polished Confucian sword. The sword cut off the "right arm of the Huns"; in the north-south direction, a sword separated the southern Qiang and northern Huns from joining forces, eliminating their threat to the Central Plains dynasty. It not only became a choke point and northwest fortress that military strategists must fight for, but also became a It became a hub for exchanges between Chinese and Western cultures on the Silk Road, and shouldered the three important responsibilities of a military, economic and cultural hub.

Later history proved that the throat-sealing effect of this sword far exceeded the imagination of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When the north and south of the Qilian Mountains changed owners, the Qiang people in the south were replaced by Tubo people, and the Xiongnu people in the north were replaced by Mongolian people, the double-edged sword of Wuwei turned into a pair of harmonious hands, tightly pulling the hands of southern Tibet and northern Mongolia. Together, they shook hands and made peace without shedding a drop of blood, making Tibet submit to the Yuan Dynasty and be included in the territory of the motherland.

02 The wind of the Han Dynasty slowly came, and the people were prosperous

In Liangzhou during the Han Dynasty, the strong wind blew, and the gentle breeze from the earth slowly blew.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty drove away the Xiongnu, Hexi became an empty territory. If we want to continue to move westward and pass through Hexi, we must fill up the population in large numbers. Thus, the great population migration in Chinese history began, and Han people from the Central Plains gradually entered Wuwei and entered the Hexi Corridor. This was Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's great generosity and wisdom in managing Hexi. The plan for the Western Regions lies in Hexi, and the plan for Hexi lies in Wuwei. In order to manage the rear area of ​​the Western Regions, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty quickly spread out the huge body and broad sleeves of the Han family to the west, and implemented a civilized project of simultaneous blood transfusion and hematopoiesis in Wuwei and the entire Hexi. The 40,000 subordinates who led their troops to surrender to the Han were placed in the five vassal states of Longxi, Beidi, Shangjun, Shuofang, and Yunzhong, and were asked to learn farming and speak Chinese from the Han people. A large number of Han people also migrated from the Central Plains and settled in Hexi to "garrison the border" and "immigrate the people to the border".

The Han Dynasty carried out large-scale immigration to Hexi, mainly twice.

The first time was during the reign of Emperor Wu, when a large number of people and officials moved in from the Central Plains.

Most of these people are from the middle and lower classes. There are military relatives of Xubian officers and soldiers, "treacherous officials and civilians", and down-and-out officials. Most of them could no longer live in Guanzhong. Whether due to bad luck, being harmed by others, or being forced by life or circumstances, they had to leave their hometown and come to Liangzhou full of sadness. However, these helpless people are the luckiest. Because during the war in the Central Plains, Liangzhou was already a relatively abundant and safe place. "Hanshu Geography" records: "Heishui and Xihe are Yongzhou. The soil is yellow, the fields are upper, and the middle is lower." Liangzhou belonged to Yongzhou in ancient times. The soil was loess, the fields were of the highest quality, and the soil was fertile and suitable for farming. Taxes are not high. As long as you farm according to the weather, it will be easy to feed people in Liangzhou. For people who rely on food as their first priority, what could be more important than a place with "yellow soil, fields on top, and riches in the middle".

Among those who came to Liang this time were a group of officials and criminals who had been exiled to Liangzhou for their crimes. For example, after the rebellion of Prince Ru was defeated, "all the officials and soldiers who robbed and looted moved to Dunhuang County." Jie Wannian, a high-ranking official and a master craftsman, was not suitable to live in Chang'an because of the improper selection and construction of Changling, which was a waste of money and people. . Li Xun was involved in the dispute between He Liang and his political party, and although he was less likely to die in the end, he was also moved to Dunhuang. These frustrated guests in the political arena arrived in the border area of ​​Liangzhou and quickly integrated with the local ethnic groups. On the one hand, they accepted the influence of the generous spirit of the Liangzhou people, and on the other hand, they integrated into the local area and promoted the spread of Confucian culture.

The second time was at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. After Wang Mang was defeated, a large number of wealthy families in the Central Plains left the Central Plains and moved to Wuwei and Hexi to avoid military disasters. At this time, through the reclamation of the first generation of Central Plains immigrants, Liangzhou, which had already had the "benefits of fertile farmland", became their pure land of escape. For example, General Jianwei Linghumai raised an army to attack Wang Mang, but was defeated and died. All his sons fled to Liangzhou and settled in Dunhuang. By the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, they had completed the transformation from a military exploit to a cultural family, forming a Confucian heirloom. In the tradition of the Han Dynasty, Confucian scholars emerged in large numbers, and they served as officials in Hexi for generations. There were also Du Lin and his younger brother Du Cheng from Maoling in Fufeng, as well as Fan Kui and Meng Ji from the same county. They all avoided Liangzhou and "went to Hexi with all the weak and weak". Du Lin was very knowledgeable and was called "Tongru" at the time. Kong Fen, a native of Maoling, fled to Hexi with his mother and young brother. The Dou family in Pingling, Fufeng, moved to Wuwei due to the war in the Central Plains at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and became a powerful family in Wuwei. The Dou family served as county officials in Liangzhou for generations. Although some of these wealthy families left Liangzhou after being promoted to serve as officials in the court, most of them settled in the counties of Liangzhou and became powerful local families.

The Han Dynasty implemented the system of promoting filial piety and integrity. It is stipulated that if the county has more than 100,000 people, one person should be promoted every year; if the county has less than 100,000 people, one person should be promoted every two years; if the county has less than 50,000 people, one person should be promoted every three years. At the same time, the heroes and sons of good families in Xizhou were appointed as vassals, and the sons of the chief pastor and chief officials were worshiped as husbands to comfort them. The direct beneficiaries of this policy were also the aristocratic families who came from the Central Plains to avoid disaster. They basically monopolized the policy dividends of appointing filial and honest officials and appointing children of good families as subordinate officials. They gradually took root in Liangzhou and continued to sit down. It contributed to the formation of the Liangzhou family. Most of them maintained good relations with the border generals and border garrison sent by the central government, and objectively contributed to the stability and development of Liangzhou.

After a hundred years of construction and management from Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty to Wang Mang, Liangzhou’s territory continued to expand, and the people of various counties were prosperous. By the time of Emperor Guangwu, Liangzhou had become a "perfectly wealthy" place in Guangwu's eyes and "should be surrendered." Therefore, such a place with warehouses and wealthy people naturally became an ideal place for officials to plot. Dou Rong, who was well-informed and had a keen sense of smell, was the first to smell the wealth of Liangzhou and the fragrance of mutton. After the fall of Xinmang, Dou Rong was appointed as the prefect of Julu, and his younger brother was the prefect of Wuwei, so he said to him: "The safety of the world is unknown. Yin is rich in Hexi, and the river is the country. Zhangye's vassal country has thousands of elite soldiers and cavalry. If there is an emergency, stop Hejin. It's enough to defend yourself, this is the place where you can leave your legacy." When Dou Rong heard this, he felt that this place was simply a paradise on earth. An ambition arose and he asked for intercession to resign as the governor of Julu and seek to guard Hexi. His wish came true soon. He was appointed as the captain of the vassal state of Zhangye.

When Dou Rong arrived in Liangzhou, his original intentions were not lofty. After he became the shepherd of Liangzhou, he was very good at winning over people's hearts. He quickly concentrated the political, economic and military power in one person's hands. He also took various county governors and heroes and celebrities under his wing, and formed a political alliance. His purpose was just to In order to station troops in Liangzhou to see the world, once the time is right, Liangzhou will be separatist. But if a person stays in one place for a long time, he will always be melted by the folk customs of this place. Dou Rong was quickly infected by the Liangzhou people's national sentiment of "subordinate to the Han Dynasty".

When the country is in trouble, ordinary Liangzhou people can do "fighting to the death of father and son" without hesitation. How could he, a feudal official, have the despicable intention of separatism? He has changed his original intention and sincerely runs Liangzhou. , to benefit the people of Liangzhou. Dou Rong came to Liangzhou in 29 AD and left Liangzhou in April 37 AD. He served as the shepherd of Jizhou and served in Liangzhou for eight years. During his term of office, he cultivated heroes and cherished the Qiang people, which won the hearts of the people of Hexi. Finally, from a warlord with separatist intentions, Rui became a patriotic general who safeguarded national unity after Liu Xiu became emperor and wrote the story of "Dou Rong's Return to Han". From this point of view, it was the blood of the people of Liangzhou that influenced Dou Rong and made Dou Rong a success, and Dou Rong in turn changed Liangzhou and made Liangzhou a success.

For thousands of years, Liangzhou people have always remembered Dou Rong’s passion and wisdom in running Liangzhou. In agriculture, we promoted "military settlements" and "field officials" to organize people to plant wheat, rice, beans and soybeans. In forestry, it is strictly ordered that "officials and people are not allowed to cut down trees." In terms of animal husbandry, it is forbidden to kill horses and cattle to protect

Guzang City, under the governance of Dou Rong, has become more prosperous and prosperous.

Outside the city of Guzang, Hu merchants from the Western Regions were "blocked in the wilderness day and night", with felt tents facing each other, and cattle and horses everywhere. In Guzang City, leather products and various goods carried by Hu merchants were piled up like mountains, and the warehouses were towering. Dou Rong did not bother to build the "city", but he focused on building the "city" and built a large market in the center of Guzang City. A court market was built to the east of the market, with wood and a green dragon in the east, symbolizing the rise of the Qi, symbolizing the prosperity of the market; an evening market was built in the west of the market, with gold and white tigers in the west, symbolizing the convergence of the market. Qi also means a good harvest in transactions. In this way, tens of thousands of people come to Guzang City to do business in an endless stream. Dou Rong also opened a "noon market" in the south of the big market. The south represents fire and the red bird, which exudes aura, which means business is booming. But it still couldn't meet the demand, so a night market was added to the north of the big city. The north is water, Xuanwu, and the nourishing air, which means prosperity and prosperity. In this way, Dou Rong changed the ancient rule of "the market is the market, three times a day" to "the market is four times a day". With the big market as the center, there are morning market, lunch market, evening market, night market, southeast and northwest, symbolizing the four seasons of the year, the market is prosperous, and business is prosperous at four o'clock in the day. What a prosperous scene it is. As a result, Liangzhou became the first city in China to open a night market, the city with the richest nightlife, and the most developed, prosperous and affluent city in the northwest in terms of commercial economy. Among the urban agglomerations in China at that time, there was no other city that could achieve the level of "the city and the sun are in four directions, and the commerce and trade are prosperous" like Liangzhou.

Liangzhou has become the Shenzhen of the Han Dynasty, the earliest window for the Silk Road to open to the west. However, the nature of the aristocratic society of the Han Dynasty destined Liangzhou under Dou Rong to become a world of powerful, wealthy, landlords and wealthy families. Walking in the streets of Liangzhou, imagining the prosperity of the Han Dynasty, I often wonder, just how rich could the powerful and landlords two thousand years ago be? When I was a child, I saw the most spacious house in the village, which was the landlord's house with eight corridors and a courtyard. I have heard that the best life in a landlord's family is to eat strips, steamed buns, dough balls, and pickled vegetables every day. I feel that no matter how good the life of the wealthy landowners two thousand years ago was, how could it be better than that of the landowners two thousand years later? However, when I settled in Liangzhou and saw two models of pottery courtyards of wealthy families from the Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in Leitai and Changcheng Township in the museum, my three views were completely overturned.

The wealthy landowners of the Han Dynasty lived in such luxurious courtyards. They scaled down the sculptures of the mansions and courtyards where they lived during their lifetimes and fired them into ceramic building models, which look just like today's ceramic buildings. When the wealthy people died, they brought the Tao Louyuan to their tombs, and the Tao Louyuan with such grandeur pales in comparison to the yellow-green glazed Tao Louyuan unearthed in Leitai. Leitai Taolou Courtyard is not only a luxurious villa as a whole, but also a heavily guarded, well-designed, smooth and solid defense system. There are walls around the courtyard, with an open door on the front, and windows on both sides of the courtyard with diamond-shaped window lattice. Above the main entrance, there is a two-story gatehouse. Except for the front, the other three walls in the courtyard all have sandwich walls. The top of the wall is wide enough for a sports car. The secret passages inside the sandwich walls are connected. The defense system is very tight. There are two-story turrets on the four corners of the courtyard wall, between the gate tower and the turrets

It’s difficult

The Han Dynasty was an era of generous burials that were brought in life and taken away in death. How it was during life, so it will be after death. Whether they are emperors, generals, officials of states or counties, or ordinary people, their wealth of gold and silver, exotic treasures, pots, pots, and scriptures and books will all be brought into another world. It is this bad custom of heavy burials that everyone in the awakened generations wants to abandon, but by some combination of circumstances, the culture of two thousand years ago has been preserved.

The wealthy Liangzhou family who were buried with pottery buildings also left the architectural culture of the Han Dynasty to today's people. From another aspect, it proves that the prosperity of Liangzhou originated from the geomantic treasure land of Liangzhou and from the Kunlun Mountains. The Chinese Dragon Vein divides into the middle dragon and goes down east, along the Qilian Mountains to Liangzhou. It inadvertently turns a corner, the dragon's body dances, hundreds of dragons meet in court, gather energy in Liangzhou, and form the big hole of Guzang City.

03 The Confucian style is blowing, and the cultural heritage is flourishing

The Confucian style is the purest style among the winds of the Han Dynasty.

The economic prosperity of Liangzhou will inevitably bring about the Confucian style.

All of this is due to the central government of the Han Dynasty’s management of Liangzhou. The Han Dynasty implemented a system of serving officials in other places. Local people could not serve as officials locally. The purpose was to prevent local forces and various ethnic groups from inbreeding. The forces

They made Liangzhou a success, and Liangzhou made them a success.

Because Liangzhou City has been called Wolong City since ancient times. The terrain is like a huge microwave boiler, gathering the energy of the universe. It is backed by Qilian and faces Lvzhou. There is a gorge in the east and a corridor in the west. It hides the wind and gathers Qi, but does not hold it back. Qi has its origin and its outlet. ; The Eight Dragons (the eight major river systems of the valley) meet and flow north. This natural feng shui determines the inclusiveness of Wolong City, which can both accept and export; it can both accommodate and innovate. The soil and water support the people, and the Feng Shui of Wolong City has made Liangzhou people tolerant and kind to outsiders since ancient times. Most of those who served as officials in Liangzhou received good treatment and support from the people of Liangzhou, and regarded Liangzhou as their second hometown. Naturally, they brought the Confucian culture of the Central Plains without reservation.

When officials promoted Confucianism, they first started with the surnames of wealthy families. With the economic development of the Han Dynasty, Liangzhou had already become a wealthy society. The promotion of Confucian culture by the bureaucrats naturally started from the wealthy landlords, and gradually extended to the people by leveraging the power of the wealthy families. At that time, reading was the patent, privilege and symbol of noble status of wealthy landowners. Unlike today, the richer the people, the less they study and the more they get richer.

The wealthy families shared the dividends of culture and promoted Confucian culture to the people. By the time of Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty (32-7 BC), Liangzhou wealthy families had already established private schools, had their own teachers, and had their own local textbook "Wuwei Etiquette Han Bamboo Slips". Such a scene, of course, would have been unbelievable in the past. But when the Han Bamboo Slips on Etiquette and Liturgy were unearthed in Mozuizi, Liangzhou in 1959, people were shocked to discover that Confucian etiquette culture had become popular among the people of Liangzhou as early as two thousand years ago. Moreover, "Wuwei Etiquette Han Bamboo Slips" is the oldest complete handwritten scripture of "Etiquette" that has been seen so far. This set of the oldest Confucian local textbooks copied by Liangzhou people personally includes "Etiquette". "Etiquette" has nine chapters, which record the official ceremony, wedding ceremony, official ceremony, rural shooting ceremony, Yan ceremony, funeral ceremony, etc., involving all aspects of Confucian etiquette, related to all stages of life, old age, illness and death. According to the records of "Rites and Rites", private schools had already appeared in Liangzhou at that time, teaching Confucian culture based on the 9 "Rites and Rites". Only then did I realize that at that time, the wealthy people in Liangzhou had a strong tradition of respecting teachers, respecting education, and advocating etiquette.

In the third year of Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty (AD 3), Wuwei officially established the official school, marking the spread of Confucian etiquette culture in Liangzhou. Both private and official schools use the nine-part "Etiquette" as the teaching material. The promotion of Confucian culture became a major task for officials sent by the imperial court to Liangzhou. Wang Han, the grandson-in-law of General Huo Guang, served as the prefect of Wuwei during the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. Gu Yong, a native of Chang'an, was well versed in classics and history, read widely, and was very talented. He served as the governor of Liangzhou during the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. They both spared no effort in promoting Confucian culture. In the first year of Jianwu (25th year) of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Ren Yan, a famous Confucian from Nanyang, served as the prefect of Wuwei, he further stepped up the pace of building official schools, selected academic officials, and actively encouraged the children of scholars and civilians on the premise of giving priority to the children of officials to go to school. Enroll in school and receive Confucian cultural education. Anyone who excels in studies will be selected and appointed by Yandu and appointed to official positions. It was the first time for children from poor families to enter the local government as officials.

Du Ye even started the trend of Chinese character education in Liangzhou.

Du Ye went to Liangzhou to serve as governor before Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. Soon after Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, when he was recruiting talents from all over the world to teach the writing of "Cangjie Pian", Du Ye, the governor of Liangzhou, was recruited. The preface to "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "During the time of Emperor Xiaoxuan, he summoned the Cangjie readers, and Zhang Chang accepted them. Du Ye, the governor of Liangzhou, and the people of Pei were in love with Li, and the lecturer Qin Jin was also able to speak." At that time, he was able to speak. , the only person in the country who could understand "Cangjie Pian" was Qi people (whose name has been lost). The people of Qi recommended Zhang Chang to the emperor.

Zhang Chang is a "capable official" and a famous writing expert. Zhang Chang pulled Du Ye in again. Du Ye was Zhang Chang's grandson and a student of Zhang Chang's son Zhang Ji. Both families were proficient in writing for generations. In this way, from Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty to the period of Aiping, there were five people, Qi Ren, Zhang Chang, Du Ye, Yuan Li, and Qin Jin, who lectured on "Cangjie Pian" in Moyang Palace. The imperial court was able to send everyone who knew the text of "Cangjie" to Liangzhou as governor to teach "Cangjie" and learn Chinese characters, which played a very enlightening role in the promotion of Confucianism in Liangzhou.

History has repeatedly proven that the Han family managed the military power and opened the door with iron hoofs, but the fundamental strategy was to infuse Confucianism to create blood. The prefect Wang Han, the governor Gu Yong, the famous Nanyang Confucian Ren Yan, and the literary master Du A large number of famous Confucian scholars from the Central Plains came to Liangzhou to serve, which greatly promoted the civilization of Liangzhou's customs. The Zhang Huan family, Jin Rixi and his descendants in "Liangzhou Sanming" all transformed from martial arts families and Xiongnu ancestry into Confucian families and calligraphy families. People from Liangzhou

For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao's adviser Jia Xu was "talented like Zhang Liang and Chen Ping." With his thin and intelligent head of a scholar, he could not only come up with a plan to let Zhang Xiu beat Cao Cao to his feet, but also He was also able to understand Cao Cao's thoughts, and immediately sent Zhang Xiu's team into Cao Cao's arms, and became prosperous in Cao Cao's camp.

Dou Rong, however, used Confucianism An elegant person who grew up with a spirit of forbearance.

Jin Rixi was originally the crown prince of King Xiutu of the Xiongnu. That year, when he was only fourteen years old, Huo Qubing defeated the Xiongnu. His father, King Xiutu, refused to surrender to the Han Dynasty, so he was killed by King Hunxie. His head became a gift for King Hunxie to surrender to the Han Dynasty. Because his father was killed, Jin Rixi had no place to go, so he, his mother Yan, and his younger brother Jinlun surrendered to the Han Dynasty with King Hunxie and were placed in the Huangmen Department as grooms and raised horses. The humiliation of having his father killed and having his father-killing enemy surrendered to the Han Dynasty, how much courage and perseverance it takes for a bloody and resolute Huns boy to change the bloody nature of the Huns, grow up with tolerance, and survive with caution.

Forbearance and prudence are the secret codes of Jin Rixi's growth from a horseman to a famous minister of the Western Han Dynasty who is loyal to the Han Dynasty. There are two reasons for Jin Rixi's growth. First, he saw through the assassin and rescued Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was appreciated and reused by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Second, he sincerely studied Confucian culture and changed the bloody nature of the Huns. Culture cannot change a person's height, but it can change a person's quality. After Emperor Zhao came to the throne, he took up the important task of assisting the young master, dedicated himself to it, and was named Jinghou after his death. Jin Rixi made immortal achievements in safeguarding national unity and social stability, and became a far-sighted minority politician in Chinese history. His descendants were also famous for their loyalty and filial piety, which lasted for seven generations and lasted for 130 years. Over the years, he has made important contributions to consolidating the Western Han Dynasty and maintaining national unity.

Among the people, Jin Rixi's skill in spotting assassins and rescuing Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was said to have a third eye that could foresee misfortune and fortune, and identify loyalties and traitors. To this day, people in Liangzhou affectionately call him "Lord Ma". Even the camel travelers of later generations regard him as the patron saint of the business road. Whenever the camel travelers set out, the shopkeeper must lead them, Put incense on Lord Ma's body, bow three times and kowtow nine times, praying for a safe journey. Although Jin Rixi left Liangzhou at the age of 14 and followed his uncle to surrender to the Han Dynasty, he fed horses in the court and served as an official. He never interacted with Liangzhou again in his life. However, after his death, his loyalty, filial piety and integrity were closely related to those of his descendants. His excellent character has moved Liangzhou people for more than two thousand years.

To this day, Kim’s Confucian personality charm still moves us.

However, the promotion of Han Confucianism cannot completely eliminate the martial arts in Liangzhou. If all the martial arts in Liangzhou were eliminated, there would be no more Liangzhou. Therefore, in Liangzhou during the Han Dynasty, although the soil of Confucian culture became increasingly fertile through intensive cultivation by the feudal officials, it only incorporated elements of Confucian style into the martial style. The officials used Confucian culture, etiquette and morality to change the simple martial character and cultural temperament of the Liangzhou people. After a hundred years, they finally developed the Liangzhou cultural personality of "subordinate to the Han" and putting the country first, which was envied by people all over the world. , respected by officials, praised by literati, and praised by great men: "There are many martyrs and military ministers from Liangzhou."

Even now, although the spoken language of Liangzhou people is still mixed with some vulgar things and some "唔" words, it is determined by the Feng Shui of Liangzhou. Although the Qilian Mountains are thousands of miles eastward, The Bailong Chaohui in Liangzhou is, after all, a Zhilong Chaohui. The main dragon is still tall and rugged, majestic and cold, lacking in delicacy and gentleness. Mountains manage people but water manages wealth. Where there are mountains, there will be talents.

This is the geographical reason for the prevalence of martial arts and bold character in Liangzhou. The dialect roots formed by it cannot be removed or exhausted. The main dragon of the Qilian Mountains goes eastward, crosses the Qinling Mountains, and ends in Chang'an. Naturally, Liangzhou people will always have a homeland in their hearts. When faced with difficulties in their home and country, the cultural dynamism and personality charm of Liangzhou people can be quickly shown.

The four words "I belong to the Han Dynasty" are the best words for Liangzhou people to be brave and courageous when their country is in trouble, and they always have feelings for their family and country. This geomantic treasure land gives Liangzhou people a sense of family and country, but there are two things that cannot be brought to the stage