What is the pattern of the eight arrays of military strategists?
Records
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According to The History of the Three Kingdoms _ Shu Zhi _ Zhuge Liang Biography, it says: "(Bright) Deduct the Art of War and make an eight-array map." Later generations examined its remains and painted them into graphics. See "Wu Beizhi". According to records, there are three remains of the Eight Arrays: Shui Jing _ Mian Shui Zhu and Hanzhong Fu Zhi are located in the east of Zhuge Liang's tomb in Mian County, Shaanxi Province; "The Story of the Universe" said that it was near the Nanjiang River in Kuizhou (now fengjie county), Sichuan Province, and "Records of the Unification of Ming Dynasty" said that it was in Moumi Town, three miles north of Xindu County, Sichuan Province.
Recently, Mi County, Henan Province discovered a set of the earliest "Eight Arrays of Art after the Wind" in China. The map is divided into nine pieces, one of which is an eight-array orthographic map, and the other eight pieces are eight arrays, namely, sky-covered array, ground-borne array, wind-lifted array, cloud-hung array, dragonfly array, tiger wing array, bird-flying array and snake-flat array. A caption is attached to the figure, which introduces in detail the tactical application of each formation in attacking and retreating under special circumstances. According to Records of the Historian, Feng Hou was a general of Xuanyuan Huangdi. The remains of Yunyan Guan in Mi County, a military strategist of Tang Dynasty and a secretariat of Changzhou, recorded in detail the deeds of Huangdi and Fenghou in developing the Eight Arrays Map. The discovery of this picture has pushed forward the history of the art of war of eight arrays in China for 25 years.
Zhouyi Zhuge Liang's Eight Arrays
The essence of Zhouyi
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Zhuge Liang advocates legalism and Huang Lao's thoughts, and is proficient in Yi-ology. Mr. Chen Lifu wrote the inscription "Knowing the Prophet" for the eighth national symposium on Zhuge Liang held in 1994, and clearly pointed out that Zhuge Liang's "foresight" was closely related to his mastery of Zhouyi.
The essence of Zhouyi is to regard heaven, earth and human beings as a whole, and to link things with different qualities and states to explore their operating rules. Zhuge Liang paid great attention to the comprehensive investigation of heaven, earth and people when he ruled the country and used troops. He wrote in "Jiang Yuan Zhi Yong": "Shun Tian, because of the time, and rely on people to win." It is emphasized that an excellent general should "know astronomy above, observe personnel in the middle, know geography below, and be at home in the four seas" (Jiang Yuan Jiang Qi). "There are three ways to be a soldier: one is heaven, the other is earth, and the third is man. Heaven, the sun and the moon are clear, the five stars are in harmony, the comet is not harmful, and the atmosphere is harmonious. Terrain, the city is steep and steep, the waves are thousands of miles away, the Shimen caves are secluded, and the intestines are winding. People are powerful, the main sage will be wise, the three armed forces will be polite, the foot soldiers will use their lives, and the food will be well prepared. A good general, because of the time of the day, the local situation, and the interests of others, is invincible, and those who are attacked are completely safe. " (Jiang Yuan Bing Shi) This really gives full play to the idea of integrating heaven, earth and people in Zhouyi.
Zhouyi stresses the unity of "number, reason and phase", and "number and reason" are expressed through "phase". And "number and reason" are the same as the "heart" of nature. As Lu Jiuyuan said, "My heart is the universe, and the universe is my heart". And the essence of China's philosophy is to grasp a "heart", which is used to understand the world and life.
As the saying goes, "phase is born of mind"
The prediction of Zhouyi is made based on the "phase" of the "mind", which is very accurate and scientific. However, people's "heart" is changeable, and "heart" and "phase" will also change with it. Therefore, the prediction based on the past phase will not be very accurate.
However, people's "heart" is not fickle, but has certain stability and changes regularly. Therefore, the prediction made by Zhouyi on the general law is very accurate. Similar to the weather forecast, we can only get the general idea, but not the details. Grasping the details can only be made for a short period of time.
but at the same time, it also illustrates another problem. The calculated life does not necessarily explain the future. The development of fate is ultimately in our own hands. "phase is born of heart", and I really try to get rid of the bondage of fate and become a noble person, and "phase" has also become a "noble person".
divination with divination with divination
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Judging from the relevant works handed down from generation to generation by Zhuge Liang, it not only involves the theory of Book of Changes, but also reveals Zhuge Liang's mastery of divination with divination with divination with divination. For example, "Yin Fu Jing Zhu" says: "The sky hangs down like an elephant, the sage will do it, push the armor, draw gossip, test the tortoise, and check the calendar, then the feelings of ghosts and gods, the principle of Yin and Yang, and the plain image will be endless. The image of the eight diagrams, applied and used, sixty jiazi, turned to use, and the ghosts came out, and Ming Wan was gone. " The so-called "image of gossip, applying it" refers to the divination method in Zhouyi.
Related records
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Is the "eight-array map" that people feel quite mysterious today a myth? Did Zhuge Liang really create a "Eight Diagrams Array"?
Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Zhi Zhuge Liang records: "Brightness is better than ingenuity, and gains and losses are linked to each other, and all of them are unexpected; Deduce the mound method and make an eight-array map, which is salty and wants clouds. " As a battle formation and force deployment map in ancient wars, Zhuge Liang's original "map" is not seen today, but there is a so-called "eight-array map base" which is said to be Zhuge Liang's training site.
Li Daoyuan's "Notes on Water Classics and Rivers" says that this kind of "map barrier" is based on fine stones. * * * There are three places: one is in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province; One in Fengjie, Chongqing; One is new in Sichuan, especially in Fengjie. Fengjie was originally an ancient fish in Fuxian County, and now it is located in the East Baidi City of Fengjie. In the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei was renamed Yong 'an and Tang was renamed Fengjie.
Zhuge Liang's "Eight Arrays Map Base" is said to be on Nanjiang Beach in Yong 'an Palace. According to Li Jian's Taibai Yinjing in Tang Dynasty, Li Jing's Wen Dui and other records, as well as the deduction of contemporary scholars (see the back cover of the ninth issue of Sun Tzu's Journal in 1994), Zhuge Liang's "eight-array map" is shown as follows:
The name and composition of the eight-array map
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The eight-array map is divided into heaven, earth and earth. Zhongjun is composed of sixteen small arrays, and the surrounding eight arrays are each composed of six small arrays, totaling sixty-four small arrays. In the Eight Arrays, the sky, the earth, the wind and the clouds are the "four positive", while dragons (dragons), tigers (white tigers), birds (suzaku) and snakes (snakes) are the "four strange". In addition, there are still 24 arrays in the rear, which are used for maneuvering.
Development course
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Throughout the book "Questions of Emperor Taizong and Li Gongwei", we can find the whole process of the development and improvement of the eight-array map:
Huang Di's "Holding the Strange Text"-Five Arrays, Holding the Machine Array, The method of Qiu Jing
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Jiang Shang's Taigong Art of War-Taigong Array
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Sima Yi's Sima Fa-Wuxing Array
↓ ↓
Guan Zhong- Han Qinhu-the formation of nine armies, that is, the alias of the Eight Arrays
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Li Jing's The Art of War of Wei Gong-Liuhua Array
Li Ji's The Art of War of Wei Gong-Liuhua Array
You can see the Eight Arrays. Through the continuous improvement and perfection of Jiang Taigong, Sima Yi, Guan Zhong, Sun Wu and others, Zhuge Liang made him reach the top of the Three Kingdoms period and perfected it into eight arrays! In Tang Dynasty, Li Jing was simplified to six flower arrays because the command of nine arrays was too complicated.
Characteristics of the Eight-Array Diagram
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The characteristics of the Eight-Array Diagram, as pointed out in Li Jing's "Questions and Answers", are "big array covers small array, big camp covers small camp, corners are linked, twists and turns are opposite" and "inner circle covers outer side"; And its conception is inseparable from Zhouyi. The arrangement of the Eight Arrays is actually a "Eight Diagrams Orientation Map of King Wen" (that is, the Eight Diagrams Map of the Day After Tomorrow). Each of the eight arrays consists of six small arrays, taking the meaning of six hexagrams in Zhouyi. Eight arrays plus the total of sixty-four small arrays of Zhongjun are consistent with the sixty-four hexagrams of other hexagrams in Zhouyi. As for the method of singularity and rightness in the eight-array diagram, that is, Du Muzhi's Note to Sun Tzu said that "the singularity is also rightness, and the rightness is also strangeness, and each other is poor and endless", which is the concrete application of the Yi theory in the array. (Lin Huajia, February 25)
The "Eight Arrays Village" is located in Dalushu and Xiaolushu villages in the southeast of Rulin Town, Jintan. After hundreds of years of vicissitudes, the "Eight Arrays Village" has long been unrecognizable. The above picture shows the distribution map of "eight-array village".
Description
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Zhuge Liang's "Eight Arrays" absorbed the arrangement and combination of Minefield and Taoist Eight Diagrams, and was compatible with astronomy and geography. It was a rare battle array in ancient times. The Genealogy of Zhuge's Family in Cautious Hall contains a hymn of "Eight Commandments of Great Merit, Great Use of Tibet and the Eight-Sided Fortress is founded on his fame".
Praise of the Heavenly Array: the Heavenly Array is 16, with a round outside and four winds. Its image is heavenly, and it is the leader of the array and the leader of the soldiers. Make good use of the three armed forces, and its shape is not biased.
praise for the ground-borne array: the array 12 is square in shape, with four corners dominated by clouds. It is difficult to attack the enemy, unpredictable in shape, inexhaustible in use and independent, and it is worthy of Yang.
praise of the wind: the wind has no straight shape, attached to the sky, and turned into a snake, and its meaning gradually became mysterious. Wind energy drums things, and everything revolves around it. The snake can revolve around it, and the three armies are afraid of it.
praise of the cloud hanging down: when the cloud is attached to the ground, it is invisible at first, and becomes a flying bird. Its shape is successful, the bird can stand out, the cloud can be different and ever-changing, and it is the sound of golden leather.
the dragonfly array praises: heaven and earth are rushing backwards, and Long Bian has claws and feet, while others have backs and chests. Diving is unpredictable, moving is infinite, and the formation is impressive, named as the dragon.
praise of tiger wing array: heaven and earth rush forward and become tiger wings, and the tiger will fight and exert its power. Huaiyin used it, turning it into a promise, and the meeting under the notice was unpredictable.
bird flying in praise of the array: the stork will fight, and it must soar first, and the bird will lurk in the sky. Under the trial, there will be slander, and there will be a surprise attack.
snake coil array praise: the wind is a snake coil, attached to the sky, surrounded by potential energy, and its performance bends and stretches. Among the four wonders, it is adjacent to the tiger, then it becomes a constant mountain, and the head and tail are trapped.
The composition of the "Eight Arrays" is based on four places, namely, Gankun and Genggen, as the positive array of heaven and earth, and as the regular soldiers. The northwest is dry land, and the dry land is the sky array. The southwest is Kun land, and Kun is the ground array. The land in the southeast is a place of mourning, and the mourning is a wind array. The land in the northeast is inhabited by people with roots, and the mountains and rivers are covered with clouds, and the water, fire and Jin Mu are the four strange arrays of dragons, tigers, birds and snakes. The arrangement is that the left is Qinglong (array), the right is white tiger (array), the front is rosefinch (array), and the back is Xuanwu snake (array), so the imaginary one will live in it. Eight arrays are distributed in the general array, which is composed of eight, eight and sixty-four arrays, plus 24 arrays of rangers. There are 32 arrays of Yin and Yang, 24 arrays of Yang and 24 arrays of Yin. There are 24 squadrons. After 6 squadrons, all the marches, formations, joint battles, doubts, vacancies and logistics are all in the squadrons. There are hymns praising the power of "Eight Arrays": "Arrays can accommodate each other and teams can accommodate each other; The past is the back, and the future is the front; Go forward without speed, go back without hesitation; Four heads and eight tails, headed by the touch; The enemy rushed into it and saved both ends; Odd and positive, endless cycle; The head and tail are corresponding, hidden and unpredictable; It is expected that things will be like gods, and they will adapt to the situation. " "The method of eight arrays, for a while, the two arrays follow each other, and the first world war is a defense; Chinese and foreign light and heavy, rigid and soft festivals, each other's reality, the subject and object have changed, and the latitude and longitude have changed. It is precisely because of the sudden progress of the foundation and strange reasons, mostly due to interaction and logistics guarantee. "
related poems
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Eight-array map
Du Fu
the Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by his greatness, the Eight-Sided Fortress is founded on his fame.
beside the changing river, it stands stony as his grief, that he never conquered the Kingdom of Wu.
Explanation
This is a poem dedicated to Zhuge Liang when the author first arrived in Kuizhou, which was written in the first year of Dali (766).
"Eight Arrays" refers to a military drill and battle array consisting of eight formations, namely, the sky, the earth, the wind, the clouds, the dragon, the tiger, the bird and the snake. It is a creation of Zhuge Liang and reflects his outstanding military talents.
the Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by his greatness, the Eight-Sided Fortress is founded on his fame ",these two sentences praise Zhuge Liang's great achievements.
The first sentence is written from a general perspective, saying that Zhuge Liang has made the most outstanding achievements in the process of establishing the situation that Wei Shuwu is divided into three parts and stands on its feet. Of course, there are many factors for the coexistence of the three countries, and Zhuge Liang's assistance to Liu Bei in establishing the inheritance of Shu from scratch should be said to be one of the important reasons. Du Fu's highly generalized praise objectively reflects the historical truth of the Three Kingdoms period.
The second sentence is written from specific aspects, saying that Zhuge Liang's creation of the Eight Arrays map made him more famous. The ancients praised this point repeatedly. For example, the inscription in the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu wrote: "The unification of economy and management is not rewarded, and the layout is sincere and wonderful." "The river is in battle, and the picture is in the column, and there is a glow in the middle of the industry." Du Fu's poem praised Zhuge Liang's military achievements more intensively and concisely. The first two poems are written in antithetical sentences, and the "three-divided country" and the "eight-array map" are ingenious and natural for their overall contribution to the military.
In terms of structure, the first sentence comes straight to the point; After the period, a poem was written to further praise the achievements, and at the same time, it paved the way for the following mourning relics. "beside the changing river, it stands stony as his grief, that he never conquered the Kingdom of Wu." These two sentences express their feelings about the site of the "Eight Arrays Map". The site of "Eight Arrays Map" is located on Pingsha in front of Yong 'an Palace in southwest Kuizhou.
According to the Records of Jingzhou Picture Vice and Liu Yuxi's Tales of Good Stories, the eight arrays here are piled with fine stones, which are five feet high and sixty yards around, arranged in sixty-four piles, and always remain the same. Even if they are flooded by the summer floods, everything will be lost in winter, except the eight arrays, which have remained the same for 6 years. The previous sentence wrote the magical feature of the relic very succinctly. "Stone doesn't turn", using the Book of Songs. Gao Feng. Bai Zhou's poem "My heart is full of bandits, so I can't turn it around".
In the author's view, this magical color is intrinsically related to Zhuge Liang's spiritual mind: he is unswerving and unshakable in his loyalty to the Shu-Han regime and the great cause of reunification. At the same time, the existence of this scattered and reunited eight-array stone pile, which has remained unchanged for many years, seems to be a symbol of Zhuge Liang's regret for his dying ambition. Therefore, the last sentence written by Du Fu immediately afterwards is "that he never conquered the Kingdom of Wu", saying that Liu Bei's swallowing Wu was a mistake, which destroyed Zhuge Liang's fundamental strategy of resisting Cao Wu, so that the great cause of reunification died halfway and became an eternal regret. Of course, this poem is not so much about Zhuge Liang's "lingering hatred", but rather that Du Fu is sorry for Zhuge Liang, and in this regret, Du Fu's depressed feelings of "hurting himself and dying" (Huang Shengyu) are infiltrated. This quatrain of nostalgia has the characteristics of integrating discussion into poetry. But this argument is not empty and abstract, but the language is vivid and lyrical. The poet integrates nostalgia and narration, which gives people a feeling of endless hatred and endless meaning.
eight array moraines
Su Shi
The flat sand is boundless, as if seeing a stone.
the river is full of sand and water.
Kongming has been dead for a long time, so who can distinguish the ranks again?
magic soldiers have to learn, and they have never left a trick since ancient times.
until people have realized it, later generations will talk nonsense.
since the decline of the Han dynasty, the bees have risen to the fullest.
heroes are not alike, but disasters are difficult to connect for a long time.
expelling people from the city is smokeless, and fighting wild rivers bleeds.
ten thousand people gamble and kill them all like snow.
if you don't plan for the long term, you will often fail.
at last, Kong Ming wanted to sweep away the evils.
control rough things, forbear for a long time.
great ambition leads to pedantry, and years go by like a glance.
the sixth division is still in dispute, and once the heroic spirit is broken.
only the remaining eight arrays are eternal.