Development history of refrigeration technology
Refrigeration technology is produced and developed to meet people's demand for low temperature conditions. Refrigeration, as a science, refers to the artificial cooling of objects or fluids in a certain time and space, so that their temperature drops below the ambient temperature and keeps this temperature.
Modern refrigeration technology was developed in the late18th century. Before that, people knew how to use cold a long time ago. In ancient China, people used natural ice to store food and prevent heatstroke and cool down. Kyle. Poirot wrote in his book that Kyle? In Polo's travels, there are detailed records on the methods of cold storage and ice house making in China.
1755, Coulomb, a chemistry teacher in Edinburgh, used ether evaporation to freeze water. His student Braque explained the phenomena of melting and gasification in essence, put forward the concept of latent heat and invented the ice calorimeter, which marked the beginning of modern refrigeration technology.
In general refrigeration, 1834 inventor Polkins made the first vapor-compression refrigerator using ether as working medium, and formally applied for British patent No.6662. By 1875, Cali and Linde used ammonia as refrigerant, and since then vapor-compression refrigerators have occupied a dominant position.
During this period, the phenomenon that adiabatic expansion of air will significantly reduce the air temperature began to be used for refrigeration. 1844, Dr. Koryo established an air conditioning station for patients with closed circulating air refrigerator, which made him famous at one fell swoop. William? Simmons introduced a regenerator into the air refrigerator, which improved the performance of the refrigerator. 1859, Carrey invented the ammonia absorption refrigeration system and applied for the principle patent. About 19 10 year, Makhlis? LeBron invented the steam jet refrigeration system.
In the 20th century, refrigeration technology has made greater development. Fully enclosed refrigeration compressor has been successfully developed (General Electric Company, USA); Miriger discovered freon refrigerant and used it in vapor compression refrigeration cycle and mixed refrigerant application; The invention of regenerative dehumidifier cycle in Bernington and the appearance of heat pump promoted the development of refrigeration technology.
In contemporary society, refrigeration technology has penetrated into almost every production technology and scientific research field, and plays a huge role in improving the quality of human life. In life, refrigeration is widely used in food cold processing, refrigeration, refrigerated transportation, adaptive air conditioning, artificial skating rink in sports and so on. In industrial production, the necessary constant temperature and humidity environment is provided for the production environment, materials are treated at low temperature, and the interference fit between parts is carried out by using low temperature. In agriculture and animal husbandry, the seeds of crops are treated at low temperature; In building engineering, the excavation of earthwork in frozen soil is realized by refrigeration; Modern medicine is also inseparable from refrigeration, cryopreservation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, and hypothermia anesthesia during surgery. Refrigeration technology also plays an important role in the research and development of frontier scientific fields such as microelectronics, new materials, space development and biotechnology. It can be said that the progress of modern technology is accompanied by the development of refrigeration technology.