What’s the weather like in Eritrea?
After the 2nd century AD, the Central Plateau of Eritrea gradually became the political, economic, and cultural center of the Axum Empire in present-day Ethiopia. In the 9th century AD, the Axum Empire declined and this center moved southward. After Ethiopia formed a country, its successive kings never gave up their rule over Eritrea. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire annexed the coastal islands of Eritrea, occupied the port of Massawa in 1557, and later handed over the area to the rule of its subordinate Egyptian governor. In 1869, Italian colonialists gained a foothold in Assab, sent troops to Massawa, and expanded inland. In 1889, Ethiopia and Italy signed the Treaty of Usial, recognizing Italy's rule over the occupied areas of Assab, Massawa, Karen, and Asmara.
In 1890, Italy merged the occupied areas into a unified colony and named it "Eritrea". In 1941, Eritrea became a British mandate. After Italy's defeat in World War II, it announced that it would abandon all its colonies in Africa. The victorious countries submitted the issue of Eritrea's ownership to the United Nations General Assembly for discussion. In December 1950, the United Nations passed a resolution deciding that Eritrea would form a federation with Ethiopia as an autonomous entity, allowing Eritrea to have its own constitution, parliament and independent government. In 1952, the federation was established and Eritrea formed a local government. In 1962, Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie forcibly abolished the federal system and merged Eritrea into a province of Ethiopia. The Eritrean people have been fighting for Eritrean independence for a long time. In 1958, some former Eritrean federal government officials who fled abroad established the "Eritrean Liberation Movement".
After 1961, the Eritrean people successively established organizations such as the Eritrean Liberation Front (EPLF) and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to oppose Ethiopian rule and launched an armed struggle for independence. After 1970, the EPF became the main force in the War of Independence and Liberation. In May 1991, the Eritrean People's Front and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front fought side by side to overthrow the Mengistu regime, liberate the entire territory of Eritrea, and establish an interim government of Eritrea. Immediately, an agreement was reached with the Ethiopian transitional government, and Eritrea held a referendum within two years to determine Eritrea's independence. From April 23 to 25, 1993, Eritrea held a referendum, with an absolute majority in favor of Eritrean independence. On May 24 of the same year, Eritrea officially declared independence.