Reflections on Confucius' Family Stories
Comments on The Biography of Confucius 1 The Biography of Confucius is an ancient book that records the thoughts, words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.
Confucius, whose real name is Qiu, was born in (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong). Born in 55 BC1year (550 BC) and died in 479 BC. Although he was born in a famous family, he lost his father at the age of three and lived in poverty in his childhood. When I grew up, I worked as a warehouse keeper, livestock manager and other low-level positions to support myself and my widowed mother. In the predicament, Confucius made unremitting efforts to improve himself, studied diligently and asked for advice everywhere, and gradually became famous for his erudition and versatility. By the time he was about thirty, he had started a private school, and many enthusiastic people came to ask for advice. Since then, Confucius has forged a close relationship with teaching and educating people. Around the age of forty, he was appointed as the chief of Zhongdu in Shandong, and soon he was promoted to, and later he became a shepherd and a big shepherd. Fifty-four years old, served as deputy prime minister for three months. Confucius, who is famous for his ambition to govern the country and secure the country, wanted to make a difference after taking office and did something influential at that time. But at that time, Lu's political status became more and more important, while Confucius became more and more disappointed. So he resigned and led a group of disciples around the world, hoping to meet a wise monarch who could realize his ambition.
They went through all kinds of hardships. In fourteen years, they visited seven vassal states, namely Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai and Chu, but they were not appointed. At the age of 68, Confucius felt hopeless in his career and turned to cultural and educational work. He returned to Lu, his parents' land, and carefully sorted out the ancient classics. He recruited disciples to teach his academics and his own ideas. Confucius taught people tirelessly, and under his careful training, his disciples grew rapidly. It is said that there were as many as 3,000 disciples at that time, and more than 70 of them were very famous. These disciples and their successors worked hard to spread Confucius' thoughts and scholarship, and formed the most influential school in the history of China, namely the Confucian School.
Confucius' family stories are too rich to be described here. I believe that readers will have a more comprehensive understanding of Confucius' personality and thoughts after reading this book carefully.
I finished reading this book after work. They are all classical Chinese, which is not easy to read. The second feeling is that Confucius is particularly sensitive to human behavior perception. He often says, what kind of behavior does this person have, it will definitely be him next time. The third feeling is that Confucius is a person who doesn't believe in ghosts and gods, but he believes in Feng Shui if he believes in gossip. I think this is a very interesting thing, but in China, whether in the past or now, can these two things be separated?
These are three feelings, and there are some interesting quotations, which I didn't pick out.
Comments on Confucius' family stories II. Confucius Family Story is basically a collection of ancient legends centered on Confucius, which is the same as some materials in the Book of Rites. History of Literature and Art is recorded as "twenty-seven volumes". Yan Shigu expressed doubts and pointed out: "Today is not a family portrait". Ye Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in the Preface to the Book of Learning: "Although Kong Anguo wrote forty-four family instructions, the preface was collected by Confucius disciples, and it was combined with The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety. The one who took its honesty was listed as The Analects of Confucius, and the rest were collected, named Family Instructions of Confucius." He also said: "It is said that the early Han Dynasty has spread all over the world, which was done by Kong Anguo."
However, later scholars have doubts about its authenticity and think it is a fake of Wang Su. Some publishers believe that this book is a collection of Wang Su's bibliography, Analects of Confucius, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin, Xunzi, Dai and Xiao's The Book of Rites. Wang Su forged this book in order to provide a basis for attacking Zheng Xuanzhi's theory of holy testimony. For example, Zhu said in Zhu's "Zhuzi Language": "Family Language" is just a miscellany compiled by Wang Su. Although his book is flawed, it was not written by Sue. "Pointed out that Wang Su rely on, not false.
By the middle of Qing Dynasty, Sun Zhizu had written A Brief Introduction to Family Language and Fan Jiaxiang had written Falsification of Family Language, which found out the evidence of falsification chapter by chapter and pointed out the traces of its separation and change. It seems that Confucius' Family Tales is a fake book. Gu Jiegang agreed with Wang Bai that "today's family language ... means that Wang Su confuses Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin, Xun and Meng, confusing essence with coarseness, and weaving before and after splitting, in the name of national security", which he thinks is absolutely correct. He also said: "The Family Instructions of Confucius is both a fake book and a miscellaneous book. "In fact, Wang Su got an early notebook and then added his own explanation to cater to his argument with his opponent. Even so, the compilation of Confucius family stories can be traced back to an older tradition.
1977, more than 6,000 bamboo slips were unearthed from Han tombs. Shuanggudui 1 in Fuyang, Anhui Province, including The Book of Songs, Cang Xie and other lost books, are the earliest extant ancient books. At the same time, many sentences in unearthed wooden slips can be found in this version of Confucius' Family Language. On this basis, Li Xueqin thinks: "As early as the early Han Dynasty, there was indeed a prototype of family language, and the family and biographies of Historical Records probably refer to this book. Liu Xiang compiled Shuo Yuan, which also included his characters. Wang Su's interpretation of the current edition of Family Language is probably based on the simplified version and has been expanded and compiled several times. " Sheng also discussed the authenticity and completion time of Jiayu based on the information of Bamboo Slips of Han Tombs in Fuyang and Shuoyuan, and the conclusions are as follows:
(1) Since the early Han Dynasty, a number of simplified books have been circulated to record the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and the stories of various countries. These short books should be the basic materials for later compilation of Confucius Family Stories, Shuoyuan, New Preface and other books.
(2) From the chapters devoted to Confucius' words and deeds seen in the Bamboo Slips of Ruyin Hou Tomb during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, we can see the development and spread of Confucius' theory in the early Han Dynasty. The compilation of Jia Yu is the product of the development of Confucianism and the emphasis on Confucius. The old saying that Kong Anguo compiled and prefaced Jia Yu should be credible.
(3) For a long time, this edition of Family Talk has been identified as a forgery by Wang Su. According to the knowledge of compiling ancient books, the evidence cited by various factions is not sufficient.
Jia Yu lost everything, changed something, gained something, etc. in the process of its spread, which are all common problems encountered in ancient books handed down from generation to generation, and can't be regarded as fake books. This clarifies the view that the Biography of Confucius was invented by Wang Su in the past, which is of great significance for studying the academic development in the early Western Han Dynasty.
Compared with the current version, the Han bamboo slips of Shuangyudui in Fuyang and Bajiaolang in Dingxian are different in simplicity and complexity, which shows that the current version is expanded and supplemented on the basis of bamboo slips, which is a common phenomenon in the circulation of ancient books. We can't treat it as a fake just because of these supplements, that is to say, we can't deny the value of Confucius Family Stories just because of the problems in its circulation. During the period of 1994, Shanghai Museum purchased a batch of Chu bamboo books from Hong Kong. Among them, The Theory of Confucius' Poetry Zhao Nan and Gan Tang is included in The Theory of Confucius' Poetry. Compared with Confucius' family story, the two are basically close, so Zhu is convinced that "Confucius' poetry comments were written by Confucius' disciples, and Confucius' poems say,
Kong Anguo, a native of Shandong in the Western Han Dynasty, Guo Ziren, the second son of Kong Zhong and the 11th grandson of Confucius. The dates of birth and death are unknown. Scholars of the western han dynasty. An Guoxue's Poems are less than Shen Pei's and influenced by Shangshu. He is knowledgeable and good at Confucian classics. Emperor Wu was a doctor at that time, and later an admonition officer, who went to the Huaihe River. According to legend, Liu Yu of Hanwang expanded the palace and demolished Confucius' former residence, and got the ancient Chinese book Shangshu in the wall, which is more than Shangshu today 16. Anguo rewritten the ancient prose into a popular official script at that time, and made a biography for it, thus becoming the pioneer of the ancient prose of Shangshu. Today's Biography of Confucius in Shangshu is called Biography of Shangshu in Kong Anguo, and scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties regard it as a false trust for later generations. Sima Qian, the author of Historical Records, has studied the ancient books and records of China such as Yaodian and Gong Yu, and also asked him for advice. Later generations respected him as the first Confucian.
Since "The Analects of Confucius is sincere and pragmatic, the rest are collected and recorded, which is called Confucius' family language", in order to follow the footsteps of Confucius, understand the voice and smile of his old man, understand his words and deeds, feel the feelings of saints and the wisdom of philosophers, and read the Analects of Confucius' family language should also be a must-read.
I have read The Story of Confucius Family for more than a month, but I haven't finished reading it yet because of the weak foundation of classical Chinese, limited knowledge reserve and poor understanding ability. I haven't fully understood the chapters I have read. It's not a way of learning, just reading and remembering, feeling something, doodling casually, and not linking articles. I have always believed that as the inheritor of general spiritual culture and the user of various human spiritual resources, we can achieve the purpose of reading as long as we can understand some of the contents.
Of course, this mood is today. If tomorrow, in the new language environment, there may be new feelings. Moreover, perception is not empirical and may have nothing to do with science. Please be clear about your critics. What is listed here is a part of Confucius' family story, not a complete book. Think of it as a reading card for easy search in the future; It's also homework. Please correct me and point out.
Comments on Confucius' Family Stories III. The author of Biography of Confucius is unknown. It is said that it was written by Confucius disciples. It is a book that records the questions and answers, words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples with doctors or officials. It is a compilation of materials and an indispensable material for studying Confucius and Confucianism. The book is dominated by Confucianism and compatible with Taoist legalism. The characters are lifelike, flesh and blood. It is precisely because of this that it is difficult to become a family and a unity.
There are many annotated versions of Confucius' family stories. The Collection of Confucius Family Stories published by Zhonghua Book Company in 2009 was translated and annotated by Wang Guoxuan and Wang Xiumei, with only1.5000 words, which is catchy to read. In the process of reading, I deeply feel the distance between ancient and modern, the difference between high and low, and the broad ideological spirit is far from being understood in a short time. Dare not comment, can only try to interpret, slightly powerless.
First, an overview of Confucius' family stories
There are forty-four articles in this book, among which one "Interpretation of Confucianism" left the deepest impression on me. This article also appeared in The Book of Rites, Scholars. This is a dialogue between Confucius and Lu Aigong. At that time, Lu was in power, and he fled to other countries because of the conflict between cockfighting and the Wei family. Since then, Lu has been in a state of chaos. "There is no danger at home." Confucius was not allowed to use it in Lu, so he ran to protect his home to avoid chaos.
Shortly after the death of Duke Zhao of Lu, Lu Aigong succeeded to the throne, and Jishi also had a new owner. The two men reconciled, and Lu returned to peace. Here Ran Qiu, a disciple of Confucius, said to Ji, "The state-owned sage cannot be used. Governing a country cannot be like going backwards, trying to catch up with the people in front. Now that Confucius is defending the country and the country wants to employ him, it is hard to say that it is wise for us to help our neighbors. " So he asked for a generous dowry to invite him back. Ji told the suggestion and did it. After Confucius met Lu Aigong, they began to have a long talk. The main content of this talk is to answer the question "What is Confucianism" put forward by Lu Aigong. Confucius described Confucianism from different angles, such as clothing, food, shelter, speech, behavior, talent and ambition. Lu Aigong was shocked and exclaimed: "You dare to play with Confucianism when you are dead in this life!" I will never make fun of Confucianism again until I die.
Second, Confucian behavior.
(A) the talents to be trained
Confucius' eloquence is excellent, which vividly describes a Confucian moral behavior. It is said that Confucian scholars are waiting to be hired, asked, raised and taken, but their personality is self-reliant and their appearance is funny. It is waiting, promising and preparing. Confucianism takes the world as its own responsibility, devotes itself to study, works tirelessly, and perfects itself in learning ability, conduct and other aspects. Looking back on the past and looking forward to the present, Confucianism is a model for future generations. They are concerned about the country and the people and have a sense of hardship.
(B) indifferent to fame and fortune
Confucianism does not treasure jade, does not pray for land, does not ask for more, and stresses benevolence and righteousness. Confucian life is poor, and the door is small, with no clothes and no food, but it is not doubtful or flattering. Not seduced by fame and fortune, not stumbled by glory, and sharing the same fate with the people. "Happiness from now on" is not enough to change his mind. Although I am poor, I am not ashamed, because my inner ambition is noble. You won't feel inferior standing with people who wear fur. This is the spiritual realm of Confucianism. Confucianism stresses material pursuit and fame and fortune, and strengthens the responsibility of personal cultivation and loving the people. Therefore, rulers need to pay less financial expenditure and gain more. Why not? This is also one of the reasons why Confucius persuaded the rulers to appoint Confucian scholars.
(3) Governing the country with righteousness
Justice is justice. Integrity means taking justice as the standard when dealing with political affairs. Confucianism can be selfless, and they can help others. Confucianism is completely independent because they are "incompatible with themselves and different from others." Being an official in the DPRK, taking benevolence as the criterion, pursuing the "right path" and not pursuing "self-interest", people who are the same as themselves do not form party alliances, and people who are different from themselves do not talk behind their backs, so they are excellent assistants of the monarch. "Confucianism should be evenly matched and irresistible, but it can be killed without humiliation." At this point, the integrity of Confucianism, who does not fear? Confucianism also cherishes its own body in order to serve the people and does not commit suicide. This is what Confucius meant when he said that Confucianism "loves his death and keeps himself healthy".
(4) Graceful posture of immortal bones
Immortal bones and graceful posture mean that Confucian scholars have a kind of seclusion similar to immortals without losing their ambition. In the words of Confucius, this kind of Confucianism said, "I don't want to be a son of heaven, but I don't want to be a vassal." My ambition is noble. This is a special Confucian group, and they are similar to Taoist hermits. Through continuous learning, I pursue the inner perfection of my personality.
(5) The soul of Confucian scholars
"Benevolence" is the soul of Confucianism, and all words and deeds come from "benevolence" and are born according to it. It is mentioned in the book that Confucian scholars have all kinds of virtues, but they can "respect the virtuous and tolerate the masses, destroy the parties and compromise" and have a tolerant spirit. Confucianism also has a way of making friends, emphasizing respect and memory. Confucius also pointed out that "gentleness" is the foundation of benevolence, "prudence" is its land, "tolerance" is its work, "kindness" is its ability, "politeness" is its appearance, "speech" is its text and "singing and music" is its benevolence.
Approaching this book is like being in a vast field, looking up at the world and soaring into the clouds, overlooking the people, which can be described as profound and endless. This book and I, today, have left shallow sand in our hearts; Tomorrow, when you are waiting for fragrance; In the future, I look forward to fruitful results.
Today, I read the sixth chapter "Questions" in Confucius' Family Tales, knowing that the ancients paid attention to etiquette and understood the specific procedures and etiquette of the ancients' sacrifice. Through these etiquette, the relationship between people is getting closer and closer, and the society is more stable. I think we modern people should pay more attention to etiquette, and the harmonious relationship between people needs to be adjusted and established through etiquette.
As a monitor, how to help teachers build our 1 (4) class into an excellent class? I think it is very necessary to establish a good relationship between classmates and teachers, so the necessary etiquette knowledge should be popularized in our class, such as polite expressions and so on. I want to hold a etiquette competition in our class, so that the whole class can master the basic knowledge of etiquette and apply it to their daily study and life. Everyone will try to be a model of etiquette and form a friendly atmosphere of mutual respect and help among the students in the class.
In retrospect, I didn't know how to respect my classmates in class management. I shouted and attacked unruly students. Now I know, in fact, gentle language can convince them and be easily accepted by them. I will never be rude to my classmates again. I will take the lead to be a polite good student and a good cadre, give play to my leading and exemplary role, and make my own contribution to the establishment of a friendly atmosphere in our class.
Through reading, I have mastered a lot of knowledge, felt the joy of harvest, and felt that life is particularly fulfilling. Therefore, I want to hold a reading contest in our class, so that every student has half an hour to read every day, so as to increase knowledge, enrich themselves and enhance their skills.