What does "context" mean?
"Vein" is a classic in Zhao's "True Retreat Volume II" in Song Dynasty: "Zhu Wengong (Zhu) tried to talk about secular geomantic omen with guests:' Jizhou has good geomantic omen, and dragons come from the clouds. ""Wu Ming Rachel's "Cloud Ji Zun Cattle Face Learning" says: "There are fertile fields in Qiangang, surrounded by mountains, and it is qualified everywhere. This is a rich land. " This idiom was originally said by Mr. Feng Shui, who thinks that mountains are like dragons and are related by blood from beginning to end. Feng Shui experts say that the ups and downs of the mountain are called "dragons" and its main peak is called "dragons and dragons". Observe the ups and downs of the mountains and look for the trend of gas accumulation. The streams in the valley are called "veins" and their mainstream is called "de-veins" to trace the source and flow direction of water. Context refers to the continuous terrain like a ship from beginning to end.
Liu Qingxi wrote in the poem "An Outline of Art": "In French poetry, the two couplets must be divided into wide and tight, and everyone knows it, but there is no context, and it is foolish to be wide and tight!" Also known as "coming and going". The latter metaphor refers to the origin and destination of people or things, and also refers to the clues of the ins and outs of things.
From this idiom, we can see the ancient people's understanding of the living environment.
Human habitation has always been closely related to natural conditions. For example, people in the desert know how to use thick earth walls to prevent heat, while people living in the forest will build houses on trees to prevent moisture and insects, and Eskimos will build igloos.
In China, which is located in the temperate climate zone, it has long been found that if the house is built in the north of the river or the south of the hillside, the house can receive more sunshine, avoid the cold wind and avoid the flood. Environment and architectural orientation are very important. In the special cultural atmosphere of ancient China, they also reflect the traditional cultural characteristics of China. This system can be analyzed from two aspects: one is orthodox Confucianism and the officially recognized orientation system. This is an azimuth system based on orthogonal direction, including oblique direction. It contains the unification of China's ancient orientation, seasons, colors, music, five elements and other cultural elements. At the same time, it contains various ritual elements such as the guest and the host, the young and the old, the monarch and the subjects, men and women, respect and inferiority, and it has become one of the core contents of China ancient culture. Secondly, it is mainly based on the concept of Yin-Yang and Feng-Shui, which is related to the residential orientation and circulated among the people in ancient China. China ancients called geomantic omen geomantic omen, also called geography. Let's read together: geomantic geography. It can also be interpreted as the research and analysis theory (theory) of observing the sky (Kan), exploring the land (Yu), space (wind), hydrology and water quality (water) and topography and geology (land).
The word "feng shui" originated in Fuxi era. According to the simple map developed by Taihao Fuxi, it is inferred that the earth has a period of geomantic omen. "Su Wen Classic" records: "One fog, two geomantic omen, three mountains and four waters, four mountains and five waters, six waters and six waters, seven waters and eight waters and nine waters." The feng shui referred to here should be the original meaning of feng shui. Geomantic omen has gradually improved in the development process of thousands of years. Although the color of superstition in the later period is getting heavier and heavier, many of them are based on science.
China Feng Shui mainly includes the following 10 contents: (1) Observing the sky. The influence of cosmic stars on people. (2) identify the quality. The influence of wind (air), water and soil (soil) on people. (3) Examine the shape. The influence of wind, water and land on people. (4) fly. The influence of wind, water and air on people. (5) measure. Influence of magnetic field orientation of wind, water and soil on people. (6) positioning. Location choice and orientation choice of yin and yang family. (7) timing. The influence of wind, water, land and time on people. (8) architecture. Design and construction of yin and yang family and improvement of geomantic landscape. (9) Follow the ceremony. It is an important way to show filial piety to respect and honor ancestors' customs and etiquette, and to pursue the future cautiously. (10) Jide. Persuade people to be filial, to be kind, to make people upward, to make people happy, and to tell people to conform to the laws of nature. This is the basic idea and the highest goal of Feng Shui.
Our country's early geographical knowledge was relatively developed, and regional geographical works Mountain Classic and Gong Yu appeared around the Warring States Period. Mountain Classics highlights the regional topography and divides China's mountains into five strike systems: south, west, north, east and middle. Every system has a starting point, an ending point and an extending direction. Gong Yu consists of Kyushu, Daoshan, Shuidao and Five Blessingg. Both books systematically summarize the hills, and discuss the geographical location, mountain system, water system and mineral resources with mountains as the key link.
Kunlun Mountain, the main peak of the northwest mountain range, occupies a very important position in the cultural geography of China and has always been valued by Mr. Feng Shui. To test the mountain, we must seek the relationship with Kunlun Mountain: China is in the southeast of Kunlun Mountain, the world's mountain range, and its ancestors are in Kunlun, and the next generation is "Three Dragons Entering China".
"Three Dragons" refers to the three relationships of mountains. With the Yellow River and the Yangtze River as the middle dividing line, the north and south areas are divided into south trunk line, middle trunk line and north trunk line. The northern trunk refers to the mountainous area in the vast area north of the Yellow River. The mountains spread from the northwest plateau, and the water west of the main ridge flows into the Longmen West River. One branch of the mountain system is Taihang Mountain, which stretches for thousands of miles, and the longest branch is Yanshan Mountain. The middle trunk refers to the regional mountain system between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Its mountain range starts from Shuhan, ends in Chang 'an and ends in Guanzhong. Letter valley off, and even Song Yue, mount tai. Nangan refers to the mountain system south of the Yangtze River. Its main vein originates from Minshan Mountain and has many branches.
Mr. Feng Shui regards the branches of the mountain system as the outline of the ancestral tribes of the mountains. If you want to explore the source of Long Mai, you must first understand the tribes in the above-mentioned mountains, and according to the map. Then they also absorbed some achievements of hydrology. For example, the water mirror was written in the Three Kingdoms period. This monograph, which describes the distribution of water system in detail for the first time, describes the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and other 137 rivers, not only explaining their origin, flow direction and destination, but also detailing the spatial distribution and order of their places and main tributaries. Li Daoyuan, a scientist in the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote a masterpiece "Notes on Water Classics", which increased the number of rivers to 1252. The description of water system is not only more detailed than that in Shui Jing Zhu, but also describes the evolution of water system and its identification method, water system area, flood season and sediment characteristics. Probably because of the bending trend of mountains and rivers, both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River are compared to "dragons".
Generally speaking, Mr. Feng Shui summed up an environmental model of "a land of geomantic omen" because of the water system in the mountainous area of China and the beneficial cold protection function of Yang Na. This environmental model is an ideal pattern with water on one side and water on the other: the building base is backed by a mountain called "Lailong" and there are continuous peaks in the north as a barrier; There are low hills and mounds "Qinglong" and "White Tiger" around the fence; There is a pond or river in front; In front of the water are distant mountains and hills. The base is in the middle of this mountain, surrounded by water, thousands of hectares of fertile land, lush forests and clear rivers. This environmental model is suitable for both temples, villages and towns or manors. At present, Hongcun, a world heritage site in Huangshan, Anhui Province, is the most famous place to adopt this model.
Then, for the specific houses built in it, we mainly refer to the house classics since the Tang Dynasty, and divide a building into 24 orientations according to the orientation and gossip, and then divide it into two categories: yin and yang, stipulate the basic good and bad attributes of each orientation, and judge "yin house" and "yang house".
From this perspective, the geomantic omen of site selection is scientific. The mountain can block the cold wind in winter, enjoy the cool by the water in summer, and it is convenient to get water and water. Gentle slope is beneficial to flood avoidance; The left and right enclosure makes the vegetation flourish, and the enclosed space is conducive to the formation of a good ecological environment and local microclimate; At the same time, it is easy to attack but difficult to defend in wartime. In a word, this terrain environment is suitable for the climate characteristics of China and the self-sufficient economic production mode based on agriculture in ancient China.
There are many scientific principles in early geomantic omen. Unfortunately, there was a strong concept of yin and yang, the concept of creating grams by five elements, and the theory of divination in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. And the irrational color is getting more and more serious. There must be yin and yang in everything, otherwise it won't work. It's too superstitious. Therefore, the beauty of things lies in the word "just right", leaving room for doing things, otherwise it will be too much.