In the Sino-Japanese War, Ding ordered the sinking of a warship and committed suicide by taking poison.
3.5 square kilometers "Wu Jiazhi's Soul" [S2/]
Standing on the coast, can you hear the roar of this 7500-ton ship when it was sunk by one of our own? In The East Chamber, have you ever imagined Ding's desperate sigh before committing suicide?
"Admiralty" witnessed the total annihilation of the huge beiyang fleet.
Weihai covers an area of only 3.5 square kilometers, but the "General Command" of Beiyang Navy was located here during the Anti-Japanese War. Today, the "Beiyang Navy House" faces the sea and is surrounded by mountains and waters, and has become a museum. The name of the "Naval Pavilion" inscribed by Li Hongzhang is still hanging on the lintel.
I have been to Weihai several times in the past 30 years. The earliest time is 1985 10 month. Weihai was then a county-level city in Yantai, Shandong Province. There are only a few buildings with three or four floors in this city. On a slightly shaped street by the sea, tractors with black smoke roared by from time to time. There are no foreign tourists and even few local pedestrians.
At that time, Liu Gongdao was originally a military control zone, and no one was allowed to enter. It was not opened to the outside world until after the reform and opening up. The first time I went to Liu Gongdao, I was sent there by a boat in Weihai Marine Police District. At that time, it was a "pilgrimage" mood, but when I walked into the gate of the "naval office" on the island, I saw shabby houses and miscellaneous courtyards. Everything looks old, abandoned and not as powerful as it was then.
At that time, the "Beiyang Navy Cultural Relics Management Office" had just been established, and at the end of 19, it began to receive the once famous "Navy Academy". Director qi and other staff work on the island. At first, they didn't even have electric lights or running water. They even had to build a stove, collect firewood and make a fire to cook. It usually takes a week or two to go home by boat. But in this way, the "pioneers" only repaired the dilapidated courtyard step by step, and collected a large number of precious Beiyang Navy and Sino-Japanese War cultural relics, and finally built today's "first-class national museum".
Standing in this "naval base" in Liu Gongdao, wandering between the hall and the castle, I can't help but think of those sleepless nights, accompanied by deafening gunfire and life-and-death struggles. 1At the beginning of February, 995, the Japanese army occupied three fortresses on the land of Ahava military port, and Japanese ships in the East China Sea were attacked by pincers. All communications between beiyang fleet and the outside world, such as telegrams and telegrams, were completely cut off in this naval office. The commander of the Japanese joint fleet issued a surrender letter, and the prefect was unmoved and led the army to fight back. On February 1 day, the two sides launched a fierce artillery battle, and the Japanese fleet failed to get close to the port and was forced to return.
Ding Chang Ru Herzog
In this way, it lasted for a week, the temperature was extremely low, the cold wind roared, the ammunition was about to run out, and there was no hope for land reinforcements. Finally, Ding ordered all the remaining warships to be sunk, but no one responded. In desperation, 59-year-old Ding committed suicide by taking poison, and senior generals such as Liu and Yang Yonglin committed suicide one after another.
"Admiralty" witnessed the whole process of beiyang fleet's total annihilation, and the sound of mourning still seems to linger. Let's immerse ourselves in it and chew the pain that is hard to let go in the depths of history.
The football field was so big that the Japanese army was scared.
In the south of Liu Gongdao, there is also an island the size of a football field called Sun Island. Few people can go to the dock where there are no ships, except a few troubled fishermen. Even 1894- 1895 researchers rarely set foot on this island.
But 120 years ago, it was on this small island that an extremely fierce artillery battle took place, which was a rare victory in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.
According to Japanese war history data, "the enemy's battery can play quite well in this battle. Eight cannons were used against more than 20 ships in our fleet. This action is very clever and smashed my boat. "
1In the autumn of 986, the Weihai Marine Police District of the Navy sent a landing craft to the Japanese island to let me visit the holy land where heroes fought bloody battles during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
In sharp contrast to the Sino-Japanese War 1894- 1895, the whole island is lush and there is no garbage. Snow-white seabirds live freely here, presenting a peaceful and peaceful sea paradise. On the island, the sunken fortress still retains its original appearance at the end of the Sino-Japanese War 1894- 1895. The bullet marks of the battery are clearly visible. The circular fortifications of the fortress are still strong, and there are water drops on the stone walls.
1895 In February, during the defense of Liu Gongdao, navy soldier Sha Zhenbing led sailors to the frozen Japanese island, and carried out extremely fierce shelling with the Japanese army, which dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. Ken Ningxian, an officer of Beiyang Navy who participated in the war at that time, recorded this fierce battle: "From the beginning to the end of the battle, the Japanese island has been facing the artillery fire of three fortresses on the south bank; After the ground gun rose, it became the target of three fortresses. These guns are not equipped with mirrors, so those who hold them must go to the fort. In this way, these people will be bombarded by each other immediately, which is a very dangerous job; However, the young sailors still insisted on these guns and bravely distributed them. Once, three sailors guarded a gun and braved fierce bombardment. One of them was injured in the neck, legs and arms due to the explosion of shells. But after the wound healed, he still resolutely returned to his post and helped the war with only one hand. "
That year, Sha Zhenbing led his troops to resist the enemy in Riihimaa.
In the fierce battle, Ximabu ammunition depot was hit by Japanese artillery fire, causing a violent explosion. Ding, the commander-in-chief of Beiyang battlefield, had to send warships to take back the Japanese defenders.
More than a hundred years later, in the warm autumn sunshine, the old battlefield roared with gunfire was silent, and only waves of waves were heard. Yellow grass grows around the century-old fortress and looks like a delicate "big garland", showing vigorous heroism and lasting respect. The grass is like this. Why do people suffer? Standing on the fortress, people sincerely admire the heroic feats of those heroes who bravely faced powerful enemies.
Beware of the strange waterfall at the entrance to the garden.
2049 Japanese soldiers, 2740 war horses and a lot of equipment landed in 14 days without any interference.
It is a miracle in the history of war that the Qing army did not judge in advance and did not defend itself.
During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese army successfully carried out a 14-day large-scale landing operation at Huayuankou, the eastern end of Liaodong Peninsula.
At the end of 20 13, 10, I accompanied the National Defense University "Wu Jia Wu Jia! The TV crew once again set foot in Liaodong, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and made the first field visit to the Japanese landing site in Huayuankou, zhuanghe city. Although the example of Japanese landing has been written into my own research works many times, when I personally boarded the steep reef plate near Huayuankou and faced the seaside environment that was extremely unfavorable for large troops to land, I remembered the Japanese army of that year. The Second Army has 24,049 officers and men and 2,740 horses, and is well equipped. 14 days, they didn't encounter any resistance from the Qing army, and I was very happy to be able to strut and calmly complete the "quiet landing".
Huayuankou is a small port in the middle of the east coast of Liaodong Peninsula, which belongs to Liwen Township, Zhuanghe County, Liaoning Province, and is located about 100 km southwest of Dalian Bay. As can be seen from the scene, the south-facing port is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the distance between the two ends of the port is about 3000 meters. The beach near the port is shallow and flat. At high tide, the water depth is only 3 meters, and there are many reefs on the shore. Unfortunately, in this place where it is easy to establish landing defensive positions, the Qing army did not deploy troops in advance for fortification.
1894101October 30th, at Huayuankou, Japanese troops boarded a small raft.
According to the existing Japanese historical data, the Japanese navy and army sent two military staff officers to take the cruiser Kochi in advance and arrive at the eastern coastal waters of Liaodong Peninsula for on-the-spot reconnaissance. After close observation, the army staff thought that there were many factors that were not suitable for landing on the coast of Huayuankou, but the navy still insisted that Huayuankou was the landing place, which was selected before. As the weather became colder and colder, in order to avoid the delay of fighter planes due to long hesitation, the Japanese base camp finally decided to adopt the opinions of the navy.
According to the records of Japanese war history, 1894, 10/On the morning of October 23rd, the first unit of the First Division of the Second Japanese Army set out from the 16 transport ship and anchored in the sea outside Huayuankou the next morning. At dawn, the Japanese landed at Huayuankou on a sampan towed by a small motorboat, and then planted a sun flag on the shore. The invaders set foot on the coast of China. In the morning 10, Changshan division also boarded the Huayuankou coast with the troops, and found that there were no China soldiers and civilians in the whole coastal area. He immediately sent reconnaissance teams and intelligence personnel to impersonate the south. On 26th, General ōyama Iwao, commander of the Second Japanese Army, led the second batch of landing troops to land, and then deployed to attack in the direction of Jinzhou.
It can be seen from the field of Huayuankou that the coastal beach is flat and shallow, and the anchorage is three or four nautical miles away from the coast. Imagine that Japanese motorboats only land on the sampan two or three times a day and night. At low tide, a mudflat with a depth of 1 1,500 m appeared, which prompted the landing troops to stop marching and the Japanese army landed slowly. Judging from the actual situation, the third batch of Japanese troops did not land until165438+1October 6, which lasted for half a month.
This landing operation can be said to be a miracle in the history of war, because it was a large-scale landing invasion. Only the sound of the waves was heard, but no gunshots were heard. In nearly half a month after the Japanese army landed, the Qing army not only failed to judge or find the landing place in advance, but also failed to set up defensive positions and did not take any action to attack or harass the Japanese army. On the contrary, the Japanese army with poor concealment took the lead. If attacked by some beiyang fleet, the Japanese army will also fall into chaos.
Judging from the existing historical photos, the Japanese army camped in Huayuankou and rested leisurely, without any war scenes filled with smoke. It was not until the Japanese invaded Jinzhou South that they officially exchanged fire with the Qing army. Zhao Huaiye, commander of the Huai army stationed in Dalian Bay, led his troops to retreat to Lushunkou at night, enabling the Japanese army to occupy this important defensive zone without bloodshed. The Japanese army found the distribution map of mines in Dalian Bay from the seized goods, so mine clearance was simple and quick, which enabled Japanese ships to enter the dock safely and the defense line collapsed.
Our biggest feeling in Huayuankou is that this strange "fall" shows that the early warning and defense ability of the Qing army is low and it has lost its due response, which makes the Japanese army land at will under such unfavorable geographical conditions, resulting in an extremely passive situation in the early days of the war.
The largest pier in the Far East.
Witness the "Centennial Excellent Project" [S2/]
Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula face each other across the sea. 120 years ago was also an important battlefield in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which naturally became the destination of my many visits.
Lushunkou, located at the southernmost tip of Liaodong Peninsula, is a strategic coastal town in the Far East of Weizhou Island. It is adjacent to the Yellow Sea in the east and the Bohai Sea in the west, and the Laotieshan waterway enters and exits the Bohai Sea. Lushun Port, which is naturally unfrozen, is slender from east to west and narrow from north to south. Its mouth is only 9 feet at its narrowest point, like a piggy bank. This port is quiet all year round and can dock large ships. 1887, Li Hongzhang personally visited Lushunkou, thinking that the water here is not frozen and there is no connection. The point where we can fight, retreat, defend and control. In fact, this is "a shortcoming of the navy", and he came to the conclusion that "he should cover his throat", from which he felt happy. "It is difficult to find such terrain on the Beiyang seashore."
neglect
1882, Yuan Yuan, who was in charge of Beiyang coastal defense, was also the general manager of Lushun Port Terminal Project. He is loyal to his duties and has made great contributions to ensuring the quality of wharf engineering. Finally, he died from overwork in the former site of Lushun Wharf at 1889. When Li Hongzhang visited Lushunkou, he saw the achievements of coastal defense construction and praised Yuan: "Lushunkou fortress is strong and can be defended." When reading Lushunkou personally, Yi _, the first minister and prince of alcohol, thought that Lushunkou "has proper coastal defense and bowling is especially effective." From today's perspective, Lushun Wharf is indeed an excellent project with excellent value for money and a "century-long plan".
At 1986 and 1988, after strict examination and approval procedures, I was able to enter the naval factory 48 10 twice and inspect the Lushun wharf in the factory. Standing near the big pier, I was stunned by what I saw. The huge pier bodies are all piled up step by step with stones. After 100 years of wind, frost, rain and dew, the original beach-colored stone surface became dark brown with oil stains, as if silently telling the vicissitudes of a hundred years of history.
According to historical records, a large warship with a length of 138m, a width of 4 1m and a depth of 12.6m can be berthed at Lushun Donggang Wharf. The harbor basin in Shandong is surrounded by stones. There are railway connections around the wharf, and large cranes and coal conveying devices are installed on three sides. Rows of maintenance service factories are built on the mountain, and there are several fortresses around the mountain.
Walk slowly along the stone steps to the bottom of the dock and look up at the guided missile destroyer being repaired on the dock. You will suddenly feel the strong contrast between the huge hull of the warship and the smallness of your own body. After two large-scale Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War, this wharf built in the 1980s remains the same. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and New China, it has been playing the role of berthing and maintaining large ships. Even in the 2 1 century, it still provided reliable maintenance support for the large ships of the People's Navy.
P.S. [/s2/]
The memory of history is the teacher of the future. After experiencing so many old battlefields of the Sino-Japanese War, the biggest feeling is that today, when the Sino-Japanese War comes again, we are still facing serious external challenges that cannot be avoided. We should conscientiously sum up historical experience and lessons, and with the determination of a strong man to break his wrist, be determined to innovate and change, and remove all kinds of fetters in Qiang Bing. As long as all the people of Qixin, Qi Xin, work together to really do China's own thing well and thoroughly solve all kinds of hidden dangers and problems before the decisive battle and outside the battlefield, the historical tragedy before 120 will never repeat itself!
It is worth mentioning that in recent years, some powerful private enterprises and entrepreneurs spontaneously raised funds and completed projects such as copying Chinese and Japanese battleships on the old battlefield. For example, on the north side of Weihai Port Ferry Terminal, you can see a huge black-and-white warship with Huanglong flag, which is a 7335-ton flagship Dingyuan copied by Beiyang Navy according to the ratio of 1: 1. For another example, recently, news came from another anti-Japanese battlefield, dandong port, Liaoning, that the replication project of Deng Shichang cruiser Zhiyuan was in full swing. It is predicted that on September 17, the resurrected Zhiyuan Ship will smoothly slide down the berth and become an important carrier of the newly-built War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall.