Management and Development of Qihulin River

Yunshan Reservoir is located in the upper reaches of the Qihulin River. It was built in 1958 by the demobilized officers and soldiers of the 850 Farm. The reservoir has a water storage capacity of 47.5 million cubic meters and controls 284.79 square meters of the upper reaches of the Qihulin River. kilometers of water. A new channel downstream of the reservoir was dug in 1978. In 1988, the farm reinforced the reservoir dam. Basically, floods can be adjusted as planned. The farm can use the water source of Yunshan Reservoir to irrigate 15,000 acres of paddy fields and about 10,000 acres of dry irrigation fields every year.

Yunshan Farm started construction in the spring of 1979. Starting from the gate of Yunshan Reservoir, a new river channel was excavated along the south side of Qihulin River, making the new river straight 36.8 kilometers long (originally planned to be 33 kilometers ), with a flow rate of 79-86.8 cubic meters/second. It was completed in 1984, with an earthwork volume of 800,000 cubic meters. In 1958, the Yuejin Reservoir was built at the first branch of the original 850 Main Stadium, but it was not completed. Yunshan Livestock Farm built the Fifth Reservoir with a storage capacity of 350,000 cubic meters; the First Reservoir was built in 1981 with a storage capacity of 350,000 cubic meters; the Second Reservoir was built in 1982 with a storage capacity of 600,000 cubic meters.

In the territory of 854 Farm, there are 8 reservoirs: Tuanshan, Liu18, Fengsheng, Dongfeng, Advanced, Yongsheng, Shenquanshan and Wanfeng, with a total storage capacity of 35.2 million cubic meters. The verified storage capacity of the Xidagang Flood Detention Area is 90.4 million cubic meters, with a maximum discharge volume of 142 cubic meters/second. Water conservancy construction has gradually shifted from drainage to water storage. The area between Qihulin River and Dalianpao River, namely the original five, six and seven The groundwater level in the branch area is high, generally 3 to 6 meters.

Fengchan Reservoir is located in the east of Team 6 of 854 Farm. The intercepting water system is a natural waterline and is planned and designed by the farm's Water Conservancy Infrastructure Department. The reservoir was built in October 1976. The reservoir has a water collection area of ​​11.73 square kilometers and is a small type I reservoir in the valley. In 1999, due to the continuous expansion of the paddy field area, the farm decided to build the sixth team into a commercial grain base, and changed the annual adjustment of the reservoir to multi-year adjustment. The design standard adopted a 30-year return design and a 500-year return check. The designed irrigated paddy field area was 4,500 acres. The reservoir earth dam site is located on Tuanshan Highway, with a total length of 750 meters. It is a homogeneous earth dam. The elevation of the dam crest has been increased from the original 92.0 meters to 93.4 meters. The width of the dam crest is 7 meters, and the heightened earth volume is 9653 cubic meters. The reservoir adopts gravity irrigation water supply method. The slope facing the water is protected by stone blocks, and a reinforced concrete square hole is set up for both water transmission and flood discharge, with a total net width of 1.0 × 1.0 meters. In 2000, 807,500 yuan was invested in the reconstruction of the lower reaches of the water conveyance tunnel, workshops, dry stone slope protection and other projects.

The Liu18 Reservoir, located within the 854 Farm, was originally designed to be named Guangrong Reservoir. After the formation of the Corps, it was renamed the "618" Reservoir and was redesigned by Engineer Wang Xiaobo. The dam is 1,050 meters long, 8.13 meters high, and has 180,000 cubic meters of earthworks. Official construction began in 1970 and was completed in the winter of 1972. It has a storage capacity of 3 million cubic meters and can irrigate 1,000 acres of rice fields and 2,900 acres of irrigated land. 190,000 fish were raised, with an investment of 547,000 yuan. In 1981, the site suffered a major flood, and the reservoir intercepted floods to protect the downstream farmland from flooding covering an area of ​​6,000 acres. In order to expand the scale of paddy field irrigation, increase the water supply of the reservoir during the dry season, and also improve the reservoir's ability to resist floods, the reservoir was reinforced and heightened in 2000. The top elevation of the dam was 89 meters, and the annual adjustment was changed to multi-year adjustment to increase the profitable storage capacity. 950,000 cubic meters, expanding the area of ​​irrigated paddy fields to 3,795 acres, which means that the total irrigation area of ​​paddy fields that can be developed by the reservoir is 6,600 acres. In 2001, the water conveyance tunnel, flood discharge tunnel and workshop were renovated with an investment of 615,700 yuan. The dry stone slope protection area of ​​the reservoir is 6533 square meters, with an investment of 414,000 yuan. The total investment is 1.0297 million yuan.

Dongfeng Reservoir is located in the northwest of Team 23 of 854 Farm. It was built in September 1982 and completed in 1983. After the completion of the reservoir, Dongfanghong Town established a village in the northwest corner of the reservoir area, so the reservoir cannot store water normally. In 1992, in order to solve the problem of rice planting by the 23rd Team, the farm filled in a 2,200-meter-long homogeneous earth dam at the boundary between the north side of the reservoir and Dongfanghong Town. In 1993, it began to store water for irrigation. The reservoir is a plain reservoir with embankments on three sides. The earth dam is 3,900 meters long and is a homogeneous earth dam. Based on the reservoir's water catchment area and actual dispatching operations over the years, in order to improve the reservoir's water storage irrigation capacity and increase the irrigation area, the north dam was reinforced and heightened in 1997 to meet the 30-year design standard. The dam is 3 meters wide and has an earthwork volume of 14,783 cubic meters. .

In 2000, the farm carried out stone slope protection for the north dam. The slope protection area of ​​Beiba is 6,100 square meters, and the total project investment is 685,000 yuan. The crest elevation of the East Dam and South Dam of the reservoir is 71.89 meters, and the design crest elevation is 72.7 meters. The reservoir did not meet the 30-year return design standard. In 2001, the East Dam and South Dam crest of the reservoir were reinforced and heightened to restore the original design. The earthwork volume is 30,600 cubic meters, and the investment is 51,300 yuan. So far, more than 8,000 acres of paddy fields have been developed and irrigated, playing a very good role as an irrigation water source project.

Tuanshan Reservoir is located in the 6th and 7th teams of the 854th Farm 2nd Branch. Construction of the reservoir started in May 1958. The earth dam is 700 meters long and 9.5 meters high. 70% of the earthworks have been completed. . Later, in 1961, due to three years of natural disasters, construction was suspended midway. After the formation of the Corps, the water conservancy engineering team invested in two bulldozers and continued the construction, which was completed in 1976. 174,000 cubic meters of earth and stone have been completed, with an investment of 314,000 yuan. The designed storage capacity is 3.8 million cubic meters, which can irrigate 5,000 acres of rice fields, 41,000 acres of irrigated land, and raise 315,000 fish. The water transmission tunnel of the reservoir has been seeing water all year round. In 2003, the water transmission tunnel was renovated. The original water transmission tunnel was sealed with cement and the original dam surface was restored. A new water transmission tunnel of 1×1×29 meters was built. A 20-meter stilling tank was built downstream in front of the tunnel. Set up a sewage barrier, two gates of 0.8×1 meter, and two 5-ton hoists. The total investment in the project is 503,700 yuan.

Yongsheng Reservoir is located east of the 13th Team of the 854th Farm, with a controlled water collection area of ​​30.03 square kilometers, and a main and auxiliary dam length of 4630 meters. It was surveyed and designed by the 854th Water Conservancy Bureau in July 2000. Ground was broken in May 2001 and construction was completed in October 2002. The water in this area is mainly drained from the Qinghe River and flows into the Xiaoqing River. Due to the relatively low-lying terrain of the area, fertile soil, high organic matter content, and rapid water collection in the mountainous areas, serious floods occur in the cultivated land in the low-level areas of the basin. The project is a small I-type reservoir, with a design standard of once in 30 years and a calibration standard of once in 500 years. The masonry slope protection and spillway projects were completed in 2000.

Shenquanshan Reservoir is located in the Xiaoqing River flood area between the south of Team 13 and the west of Team 14 of 854 Farm, between the north side of Shenquan Mountain and the drain of Qinghe River. The reservoir consists of two reservoir areas. The first reservoir has a catchment area of ​​29.14 square kilometers and intercepts the Xiaoqing River. The second reservoir was built using the original canal embankment to form a long reservoir along the south side of Shenquan Mountain. It also serves as the main canal of the irrigation area. The water catchment area of ​​the second reservoir is 8.54 square kilometers. It is a mountainous water collection. Irrigation water from the first reservoir first enters the second reservoir and then is distributed to the irrigation area. The construction of the reservoir will protect 15,000 acres of farmland downstream of the reservoir from the threat of floods, and the designed and developed paddy field planting area will be 8,300 acres. The planting area of ​​2,700 acres of paddy fields is irrigated by underground wells and canals. When surface water is sufficient, canal water is extracted, and when surface water is insufficient, groundwater is extracted. While retaining floods, the reservoir also prevents soil erosion on slopes and farmland upstream and downstream of the reservoir. At the same time, it also improves the drainage standards and drainage speed of drainage channels. Form cascade water storage and improve the regional environment. Ground was broken in May 2001 and construction was completed in October 2002.

Wanfeng Reservoir is located at the starting point of North Wanfeng drainage on Tuanshan Highway to the west of Team 10 of 854 Farm. It is a small I-type reservoir with a water catchment area of ​​8.18 square kilometers and a maximum water storage capacity of 1.8 million. cubic meters, using many years of adjustment, 3,000 acres of paddy fields were developed and planted. In June 2000, the 854th Farm Water Conservancy Bureau conducted the survey and design, and the Xinxin Company undertook the construction tasks of this project. Ground was broken in September 2002 and construction was completed in November 2003.

The Pioneer Reservoir is located in the 3rd team of the 1st Branch of the 854th Farm. Construction started in April 1958 and was completed in September 1960. The earthen dam is 400 meters long and 6.5 meters high. All retired officers and soldiers used manual lifting. After three years of hard work, 24,500 cubic meters of earth and stone were completed with an investment of 48,700 yuan. The designed storage capacity is 720,000 cubic meters, which can irrigate 0.8 million acres of land and irrigate 0.05 million acres of rice fields. In 2003, 854 Farm had three waterlogged areas: Xidagang, Yingchunqinghe, and Hubei. The total area of ​​the flooded area is 1.8272 million acres, of which the flood-prone area is 999,600 acres, including 650,100 acres of flood-prone farmland and 349,500 acres of cultivable land. During the flood control of the Qihulin River in the 1980s, 13 main drainage channels were excavated. The design standards were that the main drainage channel should be discharged once every three years and the branch pipeline should be discharged once every five years. A wide and shallow trapezoidal duplex section was adopted.

Due to the low design standards and long operation time, the siltation is serious and the standards need to be improved.

In October 1959, preparations for the construction of the Xidagang Reservoir began in the Xidagang Flood Detention Area. The dam is 3,000 meters long, 5 meters high, and has 95,000 cubic meters of earthwork. More than 300 people from the water conservancy team at this site were all involved in the construction, and 87,887 cubic meters of earthwork were completed. The water conservancy engineering team of the Bureau of Agriculture and Reclamation invested in four machines and completed 7,113 cubic meters of earthwork. The earth dam project was basically completed in September 1960 according to the original design. However, the hydraulic construction was not fully equipped, and serious natural disasters occurred in three years. The project was forced to be canceled and was not completed. 95,000 yuan has been invested. According to the requirements of the new plan for the radical control of the Qihulin River by the General Administration of Survey and Design Institute, the Xidagang delayed flood area project was rebuilt on the basis of the original earth dam project.

Before 1996, based on the completion of reservoirs and pumping stations, the farm gradually formed 9 irrigation districts, including Tuanshan, 618, Fengchan, Dongfeng, and 22nd Team. After 1996, the farm promptly adjusted the focus of farmland water conservancy construction, and fully utilized surface water runoff to develop irrigated paddy fields except for the Furong and Qifenchang well irrigation areas. On the basis of the original irrigation areas, 7 paddy field irrigation areas have been developed, including 4 reservoir artesian irrigation areas (618, Advanced, Yongsheng, Shenquanshan Reservoirs); 3 water lifting irrigation areas (respectively, the Ninth Team Water Pumping Station, the Eighth Team Water Pumping Station, Team 7 water pumping station). The water source is the Xidagang flood detention area.

The Advanced Reservoir Irrigation Area was built in 1997. It is located downstream of the Fifth Team Advanced Reservoir and uses water from the Advanced Reservoir for gravity irrigation. Responsible for the irrigation tasks of two production teams, Team 3 and Team 5. The Advanced Irrigation District is composed of the East Irrigation District and the West Irrigation District. One main canal is built from the downstream of the Advanced Reservoir, with a main water canal of 1.8 kilometers, and two branch canals with a length of 6.84 kilometers. A water blocking and control diversion gate is built to divert water to the two branch canals and release floods. At that time, the water was released from the sluice gate into the old river, merged into Tuanshan for drainage, and then entered the Xidagang flood detention area. The designed irrigation area was 10,000 acres, and the actual irrigated area in 2003 was 7,200 acres. The total earthwork of the canal system completed is 364,000 cubic meters. The total investment is 600,000 yuan.

The Yongsheng Reservoir Irrigation District was built in 2000. It is located downstream of the Yongsheng Reservoir of the 13th Team. It is an artesian irrigation district. It has 2 main water delivery canals, 4.07 kilometers long, and 8 branch canals, 8.98 kilometers long. kilometers, 198,800 cubic meters of earthwork completed, and a total investment of 660,000 yuan. All 6,000 acres of paddy fields are designed to be irrigated by gravity. In 2003, 10,900 acres of paddy fields were developed. In order to save water and avoid flood irrigation, all irrigated areas were changed to lift irrigation.

The Shenquan Mountain Reservoir Irrigation Area has a total controlled area of ​​15,800 acres and a net irrigation area of ​​11,000 acres. The water from the Shenquan Mountain Reservoir directly enters the Shenquan Mountain Main Canal (Shenquan Mountain Second Reservoir), and then uses the water diversion gate to flow the water into each district. In the fighting and agricultural canals. The original drainage system in the irrigation area is maintained, dredged and expanded, and finally merged into the Pioneer Drainage. The layout of the irrigation area adopts the design sections of canals, roads and ditches, that is, the southeast side canal, the middle road, and the northwest side ditch. The ditches form a self-contained system and do not interfere with each other. The investment in the irrigation area project is 2.89 million yuan.

In the Liu18 Reservoir Irrigation Area, downstream of the irrigation canal, Team 17 developed more than 2,000 acres of paddy fields.