What is the G8 Summit, and will it directly reach the trade volume?
Group of Eight Summit
The so-called G-8 refers to the eight industrial countries of the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Canada and Japan, plus Russia. Strictly speaking, it is not an international organization in a strict sense. It used to be called the "Club of Rich Countries". Among the eight countries, seven countries except Russia are core members, namely the former Group of Seven (G7).
2 the origin of the meeting
In 1970s, the economic situation of the world's major capitalist countries deteriorated. The successive "dollar crisis", "oil crisis" and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, as well as the serious economic crisis of 1973- 1975, have overwhelmed western countries. In order to jointly solve the world economic and currency crisis, coordinate economic policies, and revitalize the western economy,1in early July 1975, France first proposed to hold a summit meeting attended by France, the United States, Japan, Britain, West Germany, and Italy, and later Canada (1976) and Russia (1998) joined it respectively. The heads of the G-8 member countries hold a meeting once a year, that is, the G-8 Summit (referred to as the "G-8 Summit").
The summit of the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada studied the economic situation and coordinated policies.
1975165438+10. In October, at the initiative of France, the summit of major industrialized countries in the west was held in Paris. The heads of six countries attended the first meeting. From 1976, the head of state of Canada attended and became the economic summit of the seven countries. Since 1977, the President of the Commission of the European Communities has also been invited to participate. The summit is held once a year, alternately in various countries.
At first, the meeting mainly discussed economic issues. Since the 1980s, discussions on international political issues have gradually increased. As a summit meeting of major industrialized countries in the west, the meeting aims to coordinate common and separate policies as a whole, ease internal contradictions and safeguard the position of member States in the world economy and national defense politics under the complicated and changeable international political and economic situation. The CD has formed a system and will continue to exist and play its important role.
1975, then French president d' estaing invited Germany, the United States, Japan, Britain and Italy * * * to the Paris suburb of Rambouillet Castle for a meeting. According to the idea of the French President, this is an informal meeting of a small committee to discuss the world economy affected by the oil crisis at that time. * * * The participants unanimously decided to hold this meeting once a year and invited Canada to attend. In this way, 1976 formed a group of seven. Russia formally joined the Birmingham Summit on 1998, thus forming the present G8.
3 members
Members of the G8 include Germany, Canada, the United States, France, Italy, Japan, Britain and Russia. The EU also sent the rotating presidency of the EU and the president of the European Commission to attend the G8 meeting. The long-term opening of the G-8 to other countries has not been put on the agenda. However, since 1996, G-8 members have strengthened their dialogue with other countries, groups of countries or institutions, especially countries in the South. Some countries were invited to attend the meeting. For example, during the Kananaskis Summit, some African countries were invited to attend the meeting of the New Partnership for Africa's Development. Since 2003, informal dialogue meetings between G8 and developing countries have been held alternately at previous summits.
4 groups of roles
Some people think that the G-8 can manage everything, while others think that it is precisely because the G-8 is too loose that it actually has no actual decision-making power. However, the role of the G-8 is real and very important. Most importantly, the G-8 has a strong coordination and promotion function, especially in the economic field. In addition, tacit understanding among G-8 countries is a necessary condition for the normal operation of many international institutions.
G-8 summit logo
(1) Throughout the nearly 30 years of development of the Group of Eight, its binding force on its internal members and its influence on the outside world are increasing day by day.
(2) Comparison from the aspect of horizontal function. The Group of Eight has the greatest influence in the economic field, followed by the social field. And the influence in the field of political security is the weakest.
The influence of G-8 in different functional areas depends on the degree of interest integration of all member countries. G-8 members have the highest degree of interest integration in the economic field, while the lowest degree of interest integration in the political security field.
5 development situation
5. 1 Rambouillet Conference
In the early 1970s, western countries experienced the most serious global economic crisis after World War II, and the economic situation deteriorated seriously. In order to jointly study the world economic situation, coordinate national policies and revitalize the western economy, France, the United States, Germany, Japan, Britain and Italy held the first summit economic meeting in Rambouillet, a suburb of Paris, France. G-8 distribution
1In June, 1976, the six countries held their second meeting in San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, and Canada was invited to participate, forming the Group of Seven, also known as the "G-7 Summit". Since then, the G-7 summit has been fixed as a system and held once a year in all member countries in turn. Since 1977, the President of the Commission of the European Communities (later renamed the European Union) has also been invited to attend the meeting.
The G-7 summit initially focused on economic issues. With the development of the international situation, since the early 1980s, the summit has not only discussed economic issues, but also put major political issues in the world on the agenda, such as how to face the "strategic challenges of the Soviet Union", nuclear disarmament, East-West relations and human rights issues.
199 1 former Soviet president Gorbachev, 1992, 1993 Russian president Boris yeltsin was invited to meet with the heads of seven countries after the meeting. 1994 during the 20th meeting, Russia participated in the discussion of political issues as a full member, forming the "7 1" mechanism. During the G-7 Summit held in Denver, USA from 65438 to 0997, President Clinton invited Yeltsin as a formal participant to attend the meeting "from beginning to end", and for the first time, he issued a "final communique" together with the G-7 leaders in the name of the G-8 Summit. Since then, the "G-7 Summit" has evolved into the "G-8 Summit", the "7 1" model has ended, and the G-8 Summit system has been formed. But on economic issues, the G-8 summit still maintains the G-7 system.
5.2 G-7 Summit
1991July, the G-7 summit was held in London. Major, then British Prime Minister, as the host, invited Soviet President Gorbachev to hold talks with the heads of seven countries after the summit, that is, "7 1" talks. 1In July 1992, after the G-7 summit in Munich, the G-7 countries held talks with Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Since then, after the formal meeting every year, Russia has to participate in the "7 1" talks, and the degree of participation has gradually increased. From 65438 to 0994, Russia was allowed to participate in the discussion of political issues.
At the G-7 Summit held in Denver, USA from 65438 to 0997, Russian President Yeltsin was invited to attend the meeting "from beginning to end" as a formal participant, and for the first time, he jointly issued a "final communique" with the G-7 leaders in the name of the G-8 Summit. Since then, the G-7 summit has evolved into the G-8 summit, and the G-8 pattern has initially taken shape.
1In May 1998, the G8 Summit was held in Birmingham, England. Participants in this meeting
This meeting completed the transformation from G-7 to G-8. Russia has become a full member of the G-8 and participated in all its discussions. However, the G-7 still exists objectively.
In June 2002, Russia was accepted as a full member of the G8 at the G8 Summit in Canada. At this meeting, the G-8 reached consensus on issues such as continuing to fight terrorism, the situation in the Middle East, the world economic situation and assistance to Africa.
In June 2003, the G8 Summit was held in Evian, France. At the invitation of President Chirac, China president Hu Jintao attended the informal dialogue between the Group of Eight and developing countries before the summit.
In July 2005, the G-8 Summit was held in Gleneagles, England, which will focus on African development and climate change. At this summit, at the invitation of Prime Minister Blair, President Hu Jintao attended the North-South dialogue between the G8 and China, India, Brazil, South Africa and Mexico.
In the past two years, the G8 summit not only discussed international political and economic issues, but also discussed climate and environmental protection issues.
6 Thirty-fourth session
6. 1 plan
July 7, 2008: G8 leaders will have a three-hour discussion with leaders of seven African countries.
, mainly on the issue of high food prices, medical care, water supply, education and other areas of aid policies to discuss.
July 8: The topics in the morning are global economic issues such as soaring oil prices and the US subprime mortgage crisis. At the next luncheon, the leaders of the Group of Eight will discuss the countermeasures of global greenhouse effect, and then discuss Africa and development in the afternoon. The G8 leaders will also use the dinner time to exchange views on the North Korean nuclear issue.
July 9: G8 leaders will hold talks with the heads of five emerging economies: Mexico, Brazil, India, South Africa and China.
Afternoon of July 9: After the summit, Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda will hold a press conference and issue a presidential statement.
6.2 Leaders attending the meeting
Moderator-Yasuo Fukuda
participant
Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda was born in 1936. 1959 worked in an oil company after graduating from the Department of Political Economy of Waseda University; 1976, as secretary of parliament; The following year, he was appointed as the secretary of the Prime Minister. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time at the age of 54 and has been elected six times so far. In June 2000, 5438+ 10 began to serve as the Chief Cabinet Secretary in Mori Yoshiro Cabinet and Koizumi Cabinet, and resigned in May 2004 due to the "annuity scandal". In June 2007, he was elected Prime Minister and visited China. After taking office, he did not visit the Yasukuni Shrine, and Sino-Japanese relations improved. Today, due to the re-imposition of oil tax and other issues, the polls dropped, and the cabinet passed a confidence bill to confirm incompetence.
Outgoing American President-Bush
George walker bush, the eldest son of former President Bush. Born in 1946, graduated from Yale. 1998 was elected governor of Texas. 200 1 elected president, about to step down. China people are already familiar with Bush, so I won't say much.
The New President of the European Union-French President Nicolas Sarkozy
Sarkozy was born in 1955. 1983 Mayor of Neuilly, 1988 Member of Parliament, 1993 Minister of Budget, Minister of Interior in 2002, Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry in 2004 and Minister of Interior in 2005. Sarkozy and his girlfriend Bruni held a wedding, which was the first time that a French president got married while in office. Sarkozy has a capable personality and achievements. President Chirac tried to do nothing, and I hope to change. -Sarkozy has repeatedly said that he will break with past policies.
Prime Minister Brown with low opinion polls.
Brown was born in 195 1. Brown lost his left eye while playing football. 1968 Join the Labour Party. 1972 obtained a master's degree from the University of Edinburgh, 1976- 1980, and worked as a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh and the University of Caledonia. 1977- 1983 Member of Scottish Executive Committee of Labour Party. 1982 doctor of economics. From 65438 to 0983, he was elected as a member of the British Labour Party. He served as Chairman of the Scottish Committee of the Labour Party, Minister of State for Finance, Minister of Trade and Industry, and Finance Minister in the shadow cabinet of the Labour Party. From 65438 to 0997, he served as British Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 2007, he was elected as the leader of the Labor Party. Became British Prime Minister in 2007.
The only female head of state-German Chancellor Angela Merkel
Merkel was born in 1954 and received her doctorate in physics in 1986. 199 1 served as Minister of Women and Adolescents, the first female vice-president in CDU history; 1994 as federal minister of environment; Since 1998, he has assumed the heavy responsibility of general secretary of CDU in Germany; In 2000, he was elected as the chairman of CDU. Some people think that Merkel's success is because she is "unknown" and her magic weapon is "often underestimated by her opponents". But more people believe that Merkel must have the characteristics of a mature politician, that is, political wisdom and leadership beyond ordinary people.
Canadian Prime Minister Harper, believer of Christian and Missionary Union
Harper was born in 1959 and participated in the parliamentary election in 1985. From 1989 to 1993, he was appointed as her administrative assistant, chief consultant and speech writer by Deborah Gray, a member of the Reform Party. In the 1993 parliamentary election, Harper improved his performance, defeated James Hakkis and successfully won the seat in West Calgary. In Congress, Harper is recognized as a member of the right wing, but he also holds a moderate social value position. He is the youngest * * * at this summit.
The youngest * * *-Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
1965 was born in Leningrad at that time and graduated from the law department of Leningrad University. He is a true alumnus and fellow villager of President Putin. 1990, with an associate doctorate; From 1990 to 1999, Medvedev stayed in school, taught at St. Petersburg University, and served as an adviser to the Foreign Relations Committee of St. Petersburg Municipal Government. From 65438 to 0999, after Putin was promoted to the Kremlin, Medvedev followed Putin into the Russian President's Office and held several important positions, and finally served as the deputy director of the President's Office.
The oldest * * *-Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi
Born in 1936, Berlusconi is 7 1 year old this year, making him the oldest person at this summit. 1994 founded the Italian power party and served as the party chairman. In March, Berlusconi and other right-wing parties won the 12 parliamentary election and became prime ministers. 199565438+1resigned in October. 1In April 1996, the center-right alliance led by him became the second largest party in the parliamentary elections. In May of 200 1, he won the general election again and became the 59th Prime Minister of the postwar government in June. He resigned on April 20, 2005, and immediately became the prime minister again to form a new government. In April 2008, he became the Italian Prime Minister for the third time.
7 Thirty-fifth session
The rotating chairman of the G8 is Italian Prime Minister silvio berlusconi. The G-8 will hold a working meeting to discuss a wide range of global issues such as nuclear non-proliferation, counter-terrorism and Afghanistan, Iran and the Middle East. During the summit, the G8 will hold talks with five developing countries including China, Brazil, India, Mexico and South Africa, as well as Egypt on trade issues.
In view of the current situation in Xinjiang, China, president and Hu Jintao returned home in the early hours of the 8th local time after concluding their state visit to Italy. State Councilor China Dai Bingguo will represent Hu Jintao at the dialogue meeting between the Group of Eight and developing countries in L 'Aquila.
On April 6, 2009, L 'Aquila experienced an earthquake measuring 5.8 on the Richter scale, and the whole city center was in ruins. In order to show his support for the people in the disaster area to rebuild their homes, Berlusconi decided to change the venue of the summit from Sardinia to L 'Aquila.
8 Thirty-seventh session
The 37th G8 Summit ended on May 27th, 20 1 1, in Deauville, a coastal town in the northwest of France. Participants spent two days discussing the situation in West Asia and North Africa, nuclear safety and the Internet.
In the G-8 Deauville Declaration issued after the meeting, the G-8 leaders expressed their concern about the situation in West Asia and North Africa, expressed their support for the people in this region's aspirations for democracy, peace, stability and development, and promised to support the political transition in Egypt and Tunisia, while encouraging these countries to carry out social and economic reforms and helping them establish the rule of law and civil society.
The G-8 also expressed concern about the earthquake and nuclear accident that occurred in Japan in March this year, and expressed full confidence that the Japanese government can face the challenges and rebuild after the disaster, and promised to provide full support for this. The G8 believes that all countries should learn from the Japanese nuclear accident and put nuclear safety first in the development of nuclear energy. At the same time, it is necessary to revise and improve the provisions of nuclear accident confirmation and safety standards under the framework of the Convention on Nuclear Safety.
Internet is a new topic put forward by France within the framework of the G8 Summit. The G8 believes that the Internet plays an important role in the current society, economy and development, and the government, private sector and Internet users should create conditions for the balanced development of the Internet. G-8 encourages more meetings similar to the G-8 e-forum to discuss the future development of the Internet and its role in promoting the economy.
The Group of Eight believes that the global economy has begun to recover, but the economic challenges and opportunities of developed countries coexist. The G-8 leaders promised to put increasing employment at the top of the economic development of all countries, and said that they would work with the G-20 to make more efforts for the strong, balanced and sustainable growth of the world economy.
At the invitation of French President Nicolas Sarkozy, representatives from 17 African countries attended the enlarged meeting of the G8 summit. The G-8 reaffirmed its commitment to aid Africa's development, and said that it would take more responsibility for Africa's development, peace and stability.
The G8 evolved from the G7, and its member countries include the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan and Russia. The population of G8 member countries accounts for about 14% of the world population, and GDP accounts for about 65% of the world total. The group is a forum organization and has no permanent body. The main activities are annual summits and other meetings at all levels. The 38th G8 Summit will be held in the United States in 20 12.
9 US statement
Regarding Putin's "cold shoulder" to Obama, White House press spokesman Jay Carney said that the President of the United States was not disturbed by Putin's decision not to attend the G-8 summit at Camp David, and expressed "complete understanding". However, there are still sensitive American and European media who decisively predict that although Putin's arrival has not brought Russia-US relations into the "ice age", it can already feel "cold".
President Putin and President Obama "see or not see", "when" and "where" have now become big issues. This also shows the fragility and instability of Russia-US relations at the moment.
Some American media said that Putin's decision missed an "excellent opportunity" to bury the hatchet face to face with Obama.
The 39th session
According to the agenda of the summit announced by the British government, participants will hold collective discussions and bilateral talks on the theme of global economy on June 5438+07, and then discuss foreign policy issues at a working dinner. On June 5438+08, participants will discuss two topics: anti-terrorism and improving the tax system. As the rotating presidency of the Group of Eight and the host of the summit, the British government hopes that the summit will focus on promoting the negotiation of free trade agreements between the EU and the United States, cracking down on tax evasion by multinational enterprises, improving the transparency of government and enterprise operations, and making "good intentions truly turn into key actions, thus promoting world economic growth and prosperity."