The complete poem of "Li Sao"

Li Sao

Dynasty: Pre-Qin

Author: Qu Yuan

Original text:

The Miao descendants of Emperor Gaoyang, My emperor called him Boyong.

Photographed Ti Zhen in Meng Zouxi, but Geng Yinwu surrendered.

Huang Lan Kuiyu came to Xixi for the first time, and he praised Yu from Zhaoxi:

The name Yu is Zhengzexi, and the courtesy name is Lingjun.

Fenwu not only has this inner beauty, but also focuses on cultivating his abilities.

Hu Jiangli and Pizhixi were admired by Ren Qiulan.

If Miyu is about to fail, I'm afraid I won't be able to catch up with him as time goes by.

The magnolias are blooming in the morning, and the continent is deserted in the evening.

The sun and the moon are suddenly not flooded, and spring and autumn are the order of the times.

But the scattered vegetation is a fear of the beauty’s twilight. (Weitong: Wei)

Why not change your attitude if you don’t grow strong and abandon your filth?

Ride on a horse and gallop, come to me, Taoist, to lead the way!

The purity of the three queens in the past is where the popularity lies.

A mixture of peppers and mushrooms is nothing but a tadpole!

Yao and Shun were both upright and honest. They followed the way and found their way.

Why are Jie and Zhou so rampant? I can only take shortcuts and be embarrassed.

Only the members of the Husband Party are enjoying themselves, but the road is obscure and dangerous.

How can I be so miserable that I am afraid of the emperor’s defeat?

Suddenly running around, one after another came, and the former king was fighting with his heels.

Tsuen did not investigate Yu Zhong's feelings, but believed the slander and became angry.

Yu Gu knew that Jianjian was a trouble, so he could not bear to let it go.

It refers to the fact that the nine heavens are considered upright, and it is because of spiritual cultivation.

It is said that at dusk, when the time comes, the Qiang will change the road in the middle!

When I first fell in love with Yu Cheng, I regretted running away and being with him.

It is not difficult for me to say goodbye, but it also hurts the number of spiritual cultivation.

I have nine acres of orchids and a hundred acres of cypress trees.

There are barbarians and jiechexi left in the border, mixed with Du Heng and Fang Zhi.

I hope that the branches and leaves of Hebei will be tall and luxuriant, and I will cut them off soon.

Although it is withered, it is no harm to it. I mourn the filth of all the fragrances.

Everyone is rushing forward with greed, and they are not tired of seeking.

The Qiang people forgive themselves for judging others, and everyone is jealous.

It is not Yu Xin’s urgency to suddenly rush into pursuit.

Lao Ranran is approaching, and he is afraid that he will not be able to cultivate his reputation.

Drinking magnolias in the morning with falling dew, dining with autumn chrysanthemums falling in the evening.

If you believe in your love and practice your skills, it will not hurt your long chin.

The roots of the trees are peeled off to form knots, and the pistils of the pistils and lilies have fallen through.

The osmanthus is used to correct the bacteria and the osmanthus is used, and the rope is tied to the genggen.

Cultivation before my Dharma husband is not acceptable to the world.

Although I don’t care about today’s people, I would like to follow Peng Xian’s legacy.

I take a long breath to cover my tears, mourning the hardships of the people's lives.

Although I am good at cultivating my hair, I will replace it in the morning and in the evening.

Not only did he replace Yu Yihui, but he also applied for Yu Yihui.

I have a good heart, and even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets.

The spirit of resentment is so powerful that it never pays attention to the hearts of the people.

The girls were jealous of me and spread rumors that I was good at lewdness.

The craftsmanship of sticking to the current customs is clever, and the mistakes can be corrected by following the rules.

Carry the rope and ink on your back to chase the music, and compete with the Zhou Dynasty to save it.

I am alone in poverty and poverty.

I would rather die and go into exile, but I can't bear to be like this.

The fact that birds of prey do not flock together has been established since the past life.

How can the circle be able to circulate around the country, and who can live in peace with each other in different ways?

Bend your heart and suppress your will, be patient and resist criticism.

Fu Qingbai takes death as a straight line and solidifies the strength of the saints.

I regret that I didn’t notice the truth, and I will turn against you if I wait too long.

I am returning to my car to resume the road, and I am not far behind when I am lost.

The horse was riding in Langao, galloping across Jiaoqiu and barely stopping.

If you can't get in, you'll have to leave. If you retreat, you will restore my original service.

Made lotus flowers to make clothes, and gathered hibiscus to make clothes.

I didn’t know that he was gone, but I still love him and believe in him.

The taller crown is precarious, the taller crown is Lu Li.

Fang and beauty are mixed together, but the quality of Zhao is not lost.

Suddenly I looked back and looked at the four deserts.

Wearing colorful and complicated decorations, it is beautiful and beautiful.

Everyone enjoys his or her own life, but I only take it as a matter of course that I am good at cultivation.

Although I have understood you, I have not changed. I have no intention of punishing you.

The female concubine, Chan Yuan, came to her, and she expressed her gratitude to her, saying:

“Gun Nai came to die, but she finally died in the wilderness of feathers.

Why are you so rich and so fond of cultivating yourself, so many people have such virtues?

You are a man of wealth, and you are alone and disobedient. The household is talking, who can tell me what is going on in my mind?

We are friends in the world, so why should we be alone and not listen?

According to the previous sage, we come to the festival, and we sigh according to our heart.

When Ji Yuan and Xiang were marching south, they focused on China and wrote poems:

Initiating "Nine Bian" and "Nine Songs", Xia Kangyu indulged himself.

Despite the difficulty of planning for the future, the five sons are in vain.

Yi was promiscuous in his wanderings, and he also liked to shoot his husband and seal the fox.

It's a waste of time and money, and it's greedy for the husband and the family.

My body was poured over and clothed, and I couldn't bear it.

Every day is good and entertaining, but one forgets oneself, and one's head is broken by the use of one's husband.

Xia Jie's constant disobedience led to disaster.

Later Xin's wine was fermented, but Yin Zong used it but it didn't last long.

Tang and Yu were very respectful, and Zhou discussed the Tao without any mistakes.

Promote talented people and teach them what they can, but follow the rules without making mistakes.

The emperor is selfless, but he cannot help but appreciate the virtues of the people.

The sage Fuwei travels with luxuriance, but he has to use it to get down to earth.

Look ahead and look behind, and look at the people's plans.

Which one is not just but useful? What is not good but acceptable?

I am in danger of dying, but I have not regretted it since I first saw it.

Don’t measure the chisel but straighten it, fix it in front and repair it with wormwood.

Zeng Xunyu came to Yuyi, and I was sorry that the time was not right.

I hold Ruhui in my arms to cover my tears and catch the waves in my lapel.

Kneel down and put on the trousers to say something, Geng Wu has achieved the right thing.

Siyu and Qiu are flying in the air, and the wind is still in the air and they are marching forward.

The morning begins in Cangwuxi, and the evening reaches the county garden.

If you want to keep this spirit as trivial as possible, the sun will fade away.

I ordered Xihe to destroy the festival, and look at the concubine without any pressure.

The road is long and long, and I will search up and down.

The remaining horses are drinking in the salty pond, and the remaining bridles are like fusang.

Broken like a tree to brush against the sun, chatting leisurely to meet the sheep.

Wangshu in the front is the leader, and Feilian is the messenger behind.

Emperor Luan warned Yu Xian, but Master Lei told Yu Yi not to do it.

I make the phoenix fly soaring day and night.

The fluttering wind and tuen are separated from each other, and the handsome clouds come to guard them.

There are always separations and separations, and spots are everywhere.

I ordered the emperor to open and close the door, and he leaned on the door and looked at me.

When it is warm and warm, it will stop, and it will stand still with orchids.

The world is turbid and confusing, and it is easy to hide beauty and jealousy.

I will help you in the white water, climb the wind and wait for the horse.

Suddenly I looked back with tears streaming down my face, mourning the childlessness of the high hill.

When I visited this erotic palace, I broke off the twigs to continue wearing them.

When the glory and splendor have not yet faded, it is admirable to look down on the woman.

I ordered Fenglong to ride on the clouds and seek the whereabouts of Concubine Mi.

Jie Peihuan ends with words, I ordered Jian Xiu to be reasonable.

There are always separations and separations, and it is difficult to move when the weave suddenly breaks.

In the evening, I return to Qiongshixi, and in the morning, I return to the riverbank.

To maintain your beauty, you should be proud, and to enjoy your daily life, you should enjoy your leisurely activities.

Although I believe in beauty, I am rude, but I will change my pursuit after disobeying it.

Looking at the four poles, it flows all over the sky and below.

Looking at the ruins of Yaotai, I saw a naughty and lost girl.

I ordered the poison to act as a matchmaker, and it is not good for the poison to accuse me.

The sound of the male dove has passed away, but I still hate its cleverness.

The heart is hesitant and suspicious, wanting to be comfortable but unable to do so.

Since Emperor Feng has been punished, he is afraid that Gao Xin will do it first.

I want to gather far away without stopping, and talk about floating around to be free.

When Shaokang's family was not yet established, there were two Yaos from Yu.

If the reasoning is weak and the matchmaker is clumsy, I am afraid that the introduction will not be solid.

The world is turbulent and we are jealous of the virtuous. We like to cover up the beautiful and call evil.

The boudoir is both profound and far away, and the wise king is not far away.

How can I endure my feelings and live forever like this?

The Qiongmao is used as a bamboo basket, and the spirit of life is taken by Yu Zhan.

Said: "The two beauties must be in harmony, who believes in cultivation and admires them?

Thinking about the vastness of Kyushu, is it only because they have women?"

Said: "If you are far away without any doubts, who seeks beauty and releases your daughter?

Why are you nostalgic for your hometown when there is no grass?"

The world is dim and obscure, how can we observe the good and evil in the rest of the world?

People are different in their likes and dislikes, but the people of this party are unique!

The Ai Yi Ying in the household clothes is coming, saying that the Orchid is not admirable.

Looking at the grass and trees, they still haven’t found them. How can they be worthy of their beauty?

Su dung soil is used to fill the air, saying that Shenjiao is not fragrant.

If you want to gain good fortune from the spiritual atmosphere, your heart will be hesitant and suspicious.

Wuxian will come down at dusk, and he wants to eat pepper.

A hundred gods are waiting for you to descend, and nine doubts are waiting for you.

The emperor raised his spirit and told me that it was auspicious.

Said: "If you try to ascend or descend upwards or downwards, you should seek the unity of Ju and Qi.

Tang and Yu are in harmony and seek to be harmonious. Zhi and Jiu can be harmonious.

If Gou Zhongqing is good at cultivation, why should he use his husband as a matchmaker?

It is said that it was built in Fu Yanxi, but Wu Ding used it without doubt. He was promoted by Zhou Wen.

Ning Qi sang the song, and Qi Huan heard about it. p>I'm afraid that the pelicans will sing first, which will make the husband's grass not fragrant."

He Qiongpei's croaking will be covered by the crowd.

But the people in this party are unforgiving, and they are afraid of being jealous and breaking it.

The times are so colorful and changing, how can they be kept?

The orchids have changed and become less fragrant, and the water chestnuts have turned into grass.

How can the fragrant grass in the past be so fragrant now?

It’s not because of other reasons, don’t be too easy to cultivate!

Yu Yilan is someone you can rely on, while Qiang has no substance but a long appearance.

It is advisable to follow the common customs, so as not to be ranked among the most popular.

The pepper is designed to be carefree and coquettish, and the cypress tree wants to be used as a husband's curtain.

Since you are capable of doing things, how can you be so fragrant?

How can there be no change if the current customs follow the trend?

Looking at the peppers and orchids, they look like they are blooming. How about uncovering the car and leaving Jiang?

It’s worth admiring it and admiring it for its beauty.

It’s so beautiful but it’s hard to lose it. The fragrance is still fresh.

Entertain yourself with the schedule, chat and seek girls.

The remaining decorations are square and strong, and you can see the flow up and down.

The spirit atmosphere has told me that I will be blessed with auspiciousness, and I will go on an auspicious day.

Breaking off the twigs is considered shameful, and the fine twigs are considered 绢.

I drive a flying dragon, and a jade elephant looks like a chariot.

How can we be together if we are separated? I will pass away to distance myself.

When I came to Kunlun, I built a long road to circulate around.

The clouds and neons are dark and amiable, and the jade luan is chirping.

The morning begins in Tianjin, and the evening reaches the West Pole.

The wings of the Phoenix Emperor bear the flag, and they soar high.

Suddenly I was walking on this quicksand, following the Chishui River.

Hunted the dragon to send Liang Jinxi, and ordered the Western Emperor to send She Yu.

The road is long and difficult, so all the cars will be waiting for you.

If the road is not clear, turn left and point to the West Sea.

There are thousands of chariots in the camp, all riding together.

It is graceful to drive eight dragons, and it is gentle to carry a cloud flag.

Suppress one's ambition and sacrifice one's moral integrity, and one's spirit is so high.

Play "Nine Songs" and dance "Shao", and chat about holidays to have fun.

Zhi was promoted to the emperor and he was playing games, and suddenly he came to Guifu's old hometown.

The servant is so sad that he is pregnant with his horse, and he can't do anything in the situation.

Luan said: That’s it!

There is no one in the country that I don’t know about, so why should I care about my old capital!

Since I have nothing to do with the good government, I will live in Peng Xianzhi!

Appreciation of the complete poems of Lisao:

Song Qi, a famous historian and poet in the Song Dynasty, said: ""Li Sao" is the ancestor of poetry and poetry, and later generations will follow it. "The perfect circle cannot exceed the rules." This means that "Li Sao" not only opens up a broad literary field, but also is a model that will never be matched in Chinese Fu.

"Li Sao" was written in the twenty-fourth or fifth year of King Huai of Chu (305 BC, 304 BC), two or three years after Qu Yuan was released to the northern Han Dynasty. The area in northern Han Dynasty is the north of a section where the Han River turns east of Yingdu and flows eastward. It is now the county area of ​​Tianmen, Yingcheng, Jingshan and Yunmeng, which is Yunmeng in northern Han Dynasty. In the 16th year of King Huai's reign, Qu Yuan drafted a constitution, advocated reform, and advocated uniting Qi to resist Qin. However, he was framed by internal and external opposition forces and resigned from his position as Zuo Tu. Later, Chu State was defeated by Qin in Danyang and Lantian, and Qu Yuan was recalled to the court and appointed as envoy to Qi State. In the twenty-fourth year of King Huai's reign, Qin and Chu got married. In the twenty-fifth year, Qin and Chu allied themselves with Huang Ji. Qin returned the Shangyong land of Chu, and Qu Yuan was released to the north of Han Dynasty.

The northwest of Hanbei is not far from Yanying (now Yicheng), the old capital of Chu. "Li Sao" was probably written by Qu Yuan after he went to Yanying to visit the temple of the former king and the ancestral hall of the public officials. The beginning of the poem traces the distant ancestors of Chu and the great ancestor of the Qu family, and at the end it is said that "I look at my old hometown" and cannot bear to leave. In the middle, it also writes about spiritual divination, Wu Xian's trance, and other plots, which are all related to this specific creative environment.

"Li Sao" is a passionate political lyric and an artistic masterpiece combining realism and romanticism. Some fragments of plots in the poem reflect the historical facts at that time (such as "I had a romantic relationship with Yu Cheng at the beginning. I regretted running away and being with him. ... The number of hurt spiritual cultivation" refers to King Huai's political diplomacy and attitude towards Qu Yuan. several times). However, the expression completely adopts the romantic method: not only using myths and legends materials, but also using a large number of pictorial techniques, using flowers, plants, and birds to convey affection, "using emotions as the inside, using things as the surface, and feeling depressed and resentful." (Liu Shipei's "Miscellaneous Essays"). The use of figurative objects in the metaphorical symbols used by the poet is also based on the foundation of traditional culture, so it always gives people the feeling that the words are exhaustive and the meaning is endless.

Due to the poet's incomparable anger and irrepressible passion, the whole poem is like the rushing of a river, vast and without any trace. However, if you think carefully, both the poetic conception and the external structure reflect the poet's extraordinary artistic ingenuity.

Conceptually speaking, the poem describes two worlds: the real world and the world composed of heaven, gods, ancient figures, and personified sun, moon, wind, thunder, luan wind, and birds. Surreal world. This surreal imaginary world is a complement to the real world. You can't see a king in the human world, and you can't see the Emperor of Heaven in the heaven either. In the human world, "everyone is competing for greed" and you can't find your comrades, and you can't achieve anything if you go to heaven to ask for a girl. This is somewhat similar to the role of the underworld in the chapter "Xi Fangping" in "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio". It's just that in "Xi Fangping" the protagonist goes through the transformation from human to ghost before entering another world, while in "Li Sao" he travels freely between heaven and earth. This conception is more suitable for expressing the rapidly changing passion of lyric poetry. The heaven envisioned by the poet is high in the sky and above the legendary sacred mountain Kunlun. This is consistent with the general consciousness and archetypal mythology formed from primitive society, so it seems very natural. Compared with later literary works through death, dreams, The method of becoming an immortal and traveling to another world is more mythical than religious and superstitious. The background shown by the poet is vast, majestic and magnificent. The beauty, majesty and sadness of its artistic conception are unprecedented. In particular, the poet uses the image of dragon and horse as a tool from the human world to the heavenly world, and from the heavenly world to the human world. According to the lost article "Shang Shu Hou", when Emperor Yao succeeded to the throne, "a dragon and a horse hold their armor in their hands". One of the prototypes of the animal dragon in ancient Chinese legends is the deified horse. "The Rites of Zhou" said that "a horse over eight feet tall is a dragon", and "Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals" said that "the beauty of a horse is the horse of a green dragon, the ride of the legacy". In the human world, he is a horse, but when he rises into the sky, he becomes a dragon.

Secondly, many names of fragrant flowers and herbs are used to symbolically express relatively abstract political and ideological concepts, which not only makes the work subtle and charming, but also intuitively increases the color beauty of the work. Since Qu Yuan's time, "vanilla beauty" has become a symbol of noble personality. (There is Liu Zongyuan's "The trembling wind disturbed the hibiscus water, and the dense rain slanted into the Xili wall.")

Again, the whole poem is composed of four sentences into one section, and each section is composed of two words "xi" "The poem is composed of upper and lower sentences connected by continuous and disconnected words, coupled with the fixed rhyme of even sentences, so that the whole poem continues in a looping melody, with a strong sense of rhythm. Finally, the rhetorical technique of duality is used, such as "I return home to the poor stone in the evening, and the morning bath is sent to the vine plate"; "Su dung soil is used to fill the curtains, saying that the Shenjiao is not fragrant"; "It is precious to admire it." "Xi, Wei Jue Mei Er Li Zi" and so on, if the word "Xi" is removed, the parallelism is the same as the antithesis in Tang and Song Dynasty poems.

"Li Sao" is not only a treasure of Chinese literature, but also a treasure of world literature. (Zhao Kuifu)

From the perspective of Qu Yuan's status in the society at that time, he was a politician, not a "poet" in the general sense; but in terms of his huge creative achievements, he He is also the first great poet in the history of Chinese literature. There are also many beautiful and moving works in the "Book of Songs", but it is basically a collective creation of the masses, with little expression of individuality. However, Qu Yuan's creations were marked with a distinct personality by his ideals, experiences, pains, and the passion of his entire life. This marks a new era in the creation of Chinese classical literature.

Qu Yuan is a poet with a noble personality. He cared about his country and its people and is still highly regarded to this day as a staunch patriot. Although his patriotism and loyalty to the emperor are linked together, at this point, he cannot deviate from the basic moral principles of the era and society in which he lives, but at the same time, we must also see that Qu Yuan has a relatively strong self-awareness. He does not regard himself as the slave of the monarch, but as the monarch and therefore the leader of the country. He has a firm belief in his political ideals and life ideals. In order to pursue his ideals, he will not hesitate to confront the majority of the people in his social group and would rather die. This preserves the right to think independently and be loyal to one's own understanding under the recognized moral premise of loyalty to the emperor and patriotism. As an ideal martyr, later generations have been greatly inspired by him; his way of conducting himself in life has also been cited as an example for upright scholars of later generations to follow.

Qu Yuan’s works express strong and exciting emotions with his unbridled writing style. Han Confucians once said that "Li Sao" and "Xiao Ya" in the "Book of Songs" are both "sudden but not harmful" works. Ming Dynasty poet Yuan Hongdao refuted it in "Xu Xiao Xiu Shi": "Li Sao" is "extremely angry" , "Explicitly scolded" both the "party members" and the King of Chu, "Can you settle for so-called resentment without hurting anyone?" He also pointed out: "Strong and aggressive, sharp and revealing" is the "Chu Feng" characteristics. His opinion is obviously correct. Not only that, Qu Yuan's praise of his own personality was straightforward and sincere; his singing of the love of the gods was passionate and vivid; his praise of the sacrifice of the martyrs was passionate, generous, tragic and heroic... In short, compared with the generally restrained and gentle expression of emotions in The Book of Songs, Qu Yuan's creations show emotional liberation to a considerable extent, thus creating a new, vibrant and powerful poetic style. Due to this need for emotional expression, Qu Yuan could not be satisfied with plain writing techniques, but borrowed a large number of mythological materials from the Chu region and used wonderful fantasy to greatly expand the realm of poetry and show its magnificent characteristics. This opened up a new path for the creation of Chinese classical poetry. Later generations of poets with strong personalities and emotions, such as Li Bai and Li He, were greatly inspired by it.

Qu Yuan is a poet who loves beauty. He does not deny the beauty of various arts with a narrow utilitarian view. In "Nine Songs" and "The Conjuring", the lively scenes of music, singing and dancing and the emotions they evoke are exaggerated. "The sounds and colors of the Qiang are so entertaining that the viewer is so confused that he forgets to return home." In Qu Yuan's writings, it is a beautiful scene. Similarly, his poems also like to use a large number of gorgeous and colorful rhetoric.

He also developed the metaphorical technique of "The Book of Songs", endowing plants, fish, insects, birds, beasts, clouds and other natural things with human will and life to express his own thoughts and feelings, and to increase the beauty of poetry. Generally speaking, it can be said that the schools that pay attention to literary talent and beauty in ancient Chinese literature can ultimately be traced back to Qu Yuan.

In terms of poetry form, Qu Yuan broke the short and simple system of the Book of Songs, which was dominated by neat four-character sentences, and created a poem that can be long or short, grand in length, and rich in connotation. "Sao style poetry" is also of great significance.

In 2012, Professor Han Jia'ao, a famous calligrapher, litterateur, and educator at Tsinghua University in his 80s, spent half a year writing "Han Jia'ao [2] Cursive Script Li Sao" in cursive script, and wrote "Sao style articles" I haven’t heard of it for a long time, the emperor Qu Zi was the first person; he chanted mournfully on the Xiangyuan River, offered sacrifices to the sky in the distance, and wrote poems to summon the souls. Published by People's Fine Arts Publishing House, it has been unanimously praised by all walks of life in literature, art, education and so on.