"Shangyi" Tianjiao——Su Shi
Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, was also known as Dongpo layman, and was known as Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Meishan City, Sichuan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. His ancestral home is Luancheng, Hebei Province. He is a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Su Shi is the representative of the highest achievements in literature in the Song Dynasty, and has achieved high achievements in poetry, lyrics, prose, calligraphy, and painting. His poems have broad themes, are fresh and bold, are good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style. Together with Huang Tingjian, they are called "Su Huang"; His writings are grand and bold, and he is known as "Ou Su" together with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi was also good at calligraphy and was one of the "Four Masters of the Song Dynasty"; he was good at painting, especially good at ink bamboo, strange rocks, dead wood, etc. There are "Dongpo Seven Collections", "Dongpo Yi Zhuan", "Dongpo Yuefu" and so on.
Su Shi is a rare all-rounder in the world and a well-deserved pride of heaven. Due to his personality, he is innovative and actively exploring in many fields. Even in terms of food, he created masterpieces such as Dongpo Pork that has been passed down to future generations. Such a talented person will definitely show his talents in the field of calligraphy, which is closely related to literature.
Although Su Shi had great talent, like other geniuses, his life was full of ups and downs and hardships. And his calligraphy art, under the banner of "Shangyi", shows his heroic and open-minded life philosophy.
Su Shi's calligraphy is known as "Su style" in the world, and his student Huang Tingjian once gave a systematic explanation of its development process.
Dongpo imitated Xu Kuaiji when he was young, and his writing was round and graceful. In his middle age, he was fond of Linyan's book. It's like a lot of strength.
Taoist Dongpo studied at Lanting for a few days, so his calligraphy is as charming as Xu Jihai's. When he was drunk and dissolute, he forgot about his clumsiness at work, and his characters were so thin and vigorous that they looked like Liu Chengxuan. When he was middle-aged, he liked to study calligraphy by Yan Lugong and Yang Fengzi, and they were as close as Li Beihai. As for the roundness of the pen and the winning rhyme, the wonderful world of writing, and the loyalty and righteousness of the sun and the moon, the good calligraphy of this dynasty should be ranked first.
Su Shi found a new path in the Song Dynasty when calligraphy was declining. In addition to famous artists such as Yan Liu, Ou, Yu and Chu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Su Shi summarized and practiced his own calligraphy path.
He admired Yan Shu and chose the two modes of "Dongfang Shuo's Painting Praise" and "Seat Competition" that best suited his temperament to learn.
The characteristic of "Praise to Dongfang Shuo's Paintings" is "Qingxiong", while the "Struggle for Seats" reveals Yan Zhenqing's character of "loyalty, anger, frustration and frustration", which is quite consistent with the meaning of "Shangyi".
What best embodies Su Shi’s spirit of “Shang Yi” is his running script.
The biggest turning point in Su Shi's political career was when he was implicated in the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was demoted to Huangzhou.
In Huangzhou, although Su Shi still served as deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian, he was actually reduced to an imperial prisoner with no real power and controlled by others. Even though he was so trapped, he was not depressed. Here, Su Shi cultivated farmland, studied Buddhism and Zen, and gradually integrated Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, which changed his thinking and life attitude tremendously.
He wrote in "Ding Fengbo":
A bamboo stick and mango shoes can beat a horse, who is afraid? A coop of smoke and rain will lead a lifetime
Such a heroic meaning is also expressed in the word order:
On March 7, it rained on the Shahu Road. The rain gear went away first, and everyone in the group was in a panic. I didn't realize it, but it was already sunny, so I wrote this word for it.
The open-minded Su Shi said that the stormy waves of politics have been endured, so what are the winds and rains of nature?
During his stay in Huangzhou, Su Shi's most exciting works were "Du Fu's Alder Wood Poems" and the famous "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" in the third line of the world.
"Du Fu's Alder Wood Poems"
"Huangzhou Cold Food Poems"
Different from the diluted fusion of "Alder Wood Poems", "Cold Food Post" It is truly integrated with Su Shi's emotions and writes about the painful pain of being exiled.
Su Shi saw the crow holding the paper and vaguely remembered that it was the anniversary of Jie Zitui’s death.
The experience of Jie Zitui being innocently killed is very similar to his own experience of being subject to unwarranted suspicion. So the sorrow comes from it, and the sorrow common to all loyal and righteous people in ancient times is written.
"Han Shi Tie" is the most wonderful and outstanding work of Su Shi's calligraphy. It is the spark of the collision between birth and entry into the world, admiration of law and admiration of ideas. It can be said to be a masterpiece of "five combinations".
Huangzhou is also the geomantic peak and turning point of Su Shi’s calligraphy. After Huangzhou, Su Shi's calligraphy officially turned to "Shangyi".
"Jin Shang Yun, Tang Shang Fa, Song Shang Yi, Yuan Ming Shang State" is the summary of the Qing people.
"Shang Yi" is summarized based on Su Shi's poem:
I can't create the meaning of calligraphy, so I just try to guess the meaning of stipple painting
"Ideology" is the heart To feel and enrich associations, "Shangyi" must pay attention to the author's subjective emotions and pursue the freedom of creative mentality. Since Su Shi, "Shangyi" has gradually formed a relatively complete theoretical system, with several main characteristics.
1. Contempt the established law and advocate trance
Su Shi started from "law" and then opposed "law", and he also experienced a tortuous thought process. Among them, the "Zen" theory of "breaking attachment" had a huge impact on Su Shi. "Destroying attachments" means getting rid of attachments to the real Dharma and the real self.
Su Shi once ridiculed Zhang Dun and Cai Bian who came to "Lanting" on the same day. He believed that "those who copy are not complacent" and will not be able to achieve great achievements if they are bound by the "law".
Shuhe Jinglin Poetry Empress
2. Advocate innovation and express individuality
In his calligraphy creation, Su Shi went against the world's tendency to sensationalize and only pursue fast horses. . He moves the pen slowly, has a flat and fat structure, lies down and uses thick ink, holds the pen with a single hook, and is easy to use loose Zhuo, creating a unique calligraphy image. The "flat fat" style of his calligraphy was ridiculed even by his student Huang Tingjian, who was ridiculed as "a toad crushed by a stone". In this regard, Su Shi confidently said:
This paper can be used to cut money to offer sacrifices to ghosts. Dongpo tried to write on it and wrote on it. Five hundred years later, it will be regarded as a hundred pieces of gold. Not encountered!
3. Advocating nature and expressing one's feelings
Su Shi chose Yan Zhenqing's "Zheng Zhi Jie" as his calligraphy model, mainly because he liked it "naturally and with posture". This is what he has pursued throughout his life.
Chibi Fu
4. Pay attention to learning and follow the literary mind
Song literati like to write essays, and Su Shi is a great master of miscellany and essays. He regarded the nourishment of calligraphy by learning as the most important thing. It can be said that "the spirit of learning articles is full of vitality between the pen and ink", forming the "morale" or "bookishness" praised by later generations. Su Shi warned his nephew:
If you write a mountain of pens, it will not be enough, but after reading thousands of volumes, you will understand the spirit.
This is a reflection of the mutual interaction between poetry, prose and calligraphy.
Su Shi, as the most shining star among the bright stars of the Song Dynasty, had equally rich life experiences and literary talents. He is the absolute protagonist in the drama of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty. He made the arbitrariness of calligraphy from a branch to the mainstream. His personality charm and his works have been passed down through the ages.