Complete detailed information of Ding Daquan (treacherous official of the Southern Song Dynasty)

Ding Daquan (1191-1263), courtesy name Ziwan, was a native of Zhenjiang (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province). He was a treacherous official in the Southern Song Dynasty, nicknamed "Ding Qingpi." In the second year of Emperor Jiaxi's reign (1238 AD), Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty, he He won the imperial examination and was transferred to Xiaoshan Lieutenant. When he went to pay homage to his master, Shi Yanzhi, the consolation envoy, saw that Ding Daquan was "outstanding" and different from ordinary people. He thought that he would be of great use in the future, so he waited for the guests to leave and left Daquan alone to talk, and treated him very thoughtfully.

Ding Daquan was not only autocratic and self-indulgent, but also greedy and lustful. He concealed the emergency war on the front line and failed to report it, which led to the fall of Xiangyang. Basic introduction Real name: Ding Daquan Font size: Zi Ziwan Era: Southern Song Dynasty Ethnic group: Han Birthplace: Zhenjiang (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) Date of birth: 1191 AD Time of death: 1263 AD Brief introduction: When he first entered the official career, his life was corrupt. According to historical records, Ding Daquan was a treacherous official in the Southern Song Dynasty and the prime minister in the middle and late Lizong Dynasty of the Song Dynasty. He was a famous treacherous official, nicknamed "Ding Qingpi". In the late period of Lizong's reign in the Song Dynasty, the imperial court fell into the hands of treacherous prime ministers such as Ding Daquan and Jia Sidao one after another, and the country declined rapidly. Not only was he autocratic and self-indulgent, he was also greedy for money and lust. He concealed the emergency war on the front line and failed to report it, which indirectly led to the fall of Xiangyang and the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty. Ding Daquan came from a humble background, and his wife was a maid in the city. This kind of background made him develop a humble attitude that always wanted to please others, but he also had a far-reaching and grand plan in his heart. He tried his best to please Lu Yunsheng and Dong Songchen, who were highly favored by Lizong at that time. As expected, his hard work paid off. Soon he was promoted from Xiao Shanwei to Dali Sizhi and Tianchai Tongfan to Raozhou. With this, Ding Daquan finally felt "high and proud". His humility and meekness were all gone, and his blue face was so gloomy that it always seemed like it was going to rain soon. In order to further ascend to important positions, he began to use tricks to exclude ministers who framed the DPRK. His eyes first focused on Dong Huai. Dong Huai was a Jinshi during the Jiading period. During the Jiaxi period, he promoted Hubei prisons, knew Jiangzhou and Tanzhou, quelled the mutiny in Changde, and rescued refugees from the south to Jiangbei. His achievements were very remarkable. During the Chunyou period, he was appointed as the envoy along the Yangtze River and the governor of Jiankang Prefecture, to improve military discipline and strengthen training. In the sixth year of Chunyou (AD 1246), he was appointed as the transit magistrate of Guangxi and also served as a prisoner. He coordinated with the ethnic minorities in the southwest and established friendly trade relations with Jiaozhi. Baoyou three years (AD 1255). He served as Prime Minister You and also served as Privy Council envoy, and made rectification of discipline a priority. This offended many people and aroused countless jealousies and suspicions. Ding Daquan knew that since he entered the court, he had no political achievements that he could boast about in front of others. It would be harder to overthrow Dong Huai through hard work than reaching the sky. If he wanted to overthrow Dong Huai, he could only do it secretly. In the third year of Baoyou's reign (1255), he first went to court to impeach Dong Huai, the master of high merit and evil deeds, for seeking personal gain and seeking evil under his privileges. When the memorial was presented, he could not wait for Lizong to immediately issue an order to depose Dong Huai. When there was no movement in the middle of the night, Ding Daquan lost his patience and actually dressed up and ordered more than a hundred soldiers to surround Dong Huai with swords and swords exposed. Huai's mansion. Dong Huai was forced to come out with an ultimatum. Dong Huai was not mentally prepared and came out after listening to Ding Daquan's shouting at the top of his lungs. All the soldiers from the corner swarmed up and surrounded Dong Huai. Ding Daquan pretended to pass the imperial edict and ordered Dong Huai to follow him to Dali Temple, hoping to intimidate Dong Huai. When the group left Beiguan, Ding Daquan ordered people to abandon Dong Huai and dispersed with a few loud shouts. Dong Huai walked into the reception room slowly, and it took a long time for the order to resign as prime minister to be handed down. From then on, Ding Daquan became even more arrogant and arrogant. 6 After impeaching Dong Huai, Ding Daquan was promoted to Youjianyi doctor, Duanming Palace bachelor, and Signing Privy Council member. In the sixth year of Baoyou (1258), he was granted the title of Duke. Ding Daquan appointed Yuan Jie as the envoy of Jiujiang. Yuan Jie was a greedy and harsh person. He was in charge of collecting taxes from the local fishing lake tycoons. Because Ding Daquan urged him very urgently, he arrested some fishing lake tycoons and brutally pressed them. As a result, everyone was angry. These fishermen actually turned their backs on the people. In the Song Dynasty, all fishing boats were used to aid the invading enemy troops from the north, which posed a great threat to the court. Six elite students including Chen Zong, Liu Fu, Huang Pu, Zeng Wei, Chen Yizhong and Lin Zezu wrote a letter demanding that Daquan be dismissed.

Once, he hired a wife for his son. Seeing that her daughter-in-law looked beautiful, he took her as his own wife. He was despised by the world, and finally ended up with a sad end. History has also given him a fair evaluation: when Tuotuo of the Yuan Dynasty compiled the "History of the Song Dynasty", he included Ding Daquan in the "Biography of Traitors", alongside Wan Qiman, Han Yuzhou, Jia Sidao and others. But traitors are not born traitors. When Ding Daquan first entered the official career, he really wanted to achieve something. He did some good things for the people when he was the administrator of Ningde. When did Ding Daquan take office in Ningde? This is not mentioned in the official history. According to the Qianlong edition of "Ningde County Chronicles": "Ding Daquan was a native of Zhenjiang. He first served as Xiaoshan Wei and served during the Baoqing period (1225-1227)." There are quite a few discrepancies in this record. Since Ding Daquan It is "first the Xiaoshan Lieutenant", so the appointment of Ningde as Chief Registrar was after he became a Jinshi in the second year of Jiaxi (1238). How can it be traced back to the Baoqing Period (1225-1227) more than ten years ago. And it is precisely because Ding Daquan took office before he was a Jinshi at the age of forty-eight, so he is not found in official historical records. The chief clerk that Ding Daquan served in Ningde was an official in charge of paperwork, equivalent to the current county secretary. His status was second only to the county magistrate and the county magistrate, ranking third, so he was called "Ding Sanye" by later generations. When he came to Ningde, he was in his prime, dared to work hard, and did two great things for Ningde County: opening up the south road and building Jiuyu Lingrui Pagoda. Among them, the opening of the South Road is the most famous. Since the establishment of Ningde County, the earliest official road is the "Zhuxi Official Road", the so-called "South Road". It starts from the south gate of the county (Yongning Gate), passes through today's Chengnan and Feiluan townships, leads to Luoyuan, and then passes through Lianjiang and then directly to Fuzhou. During this period, the mountains are high and steep, and the slopes are circuitous. It is a famous "dangerous place". road". Lu You, the chief secretary of the Southern Song Dynasty, said in "Rebuilding the City God's Temple": "Ningde is a city, with mountains and seas. Shuangyan and Baihe Ridge are so high that they are steep and dangerous. Those who bear them tremble and those who ride on them are frightened; Fei Luan, The water in the official well is turbulent and full of dragon scales. Those who board the boat weep and say goodbye to their parents and wives. Those who have been saved are in the same boat and congratulate each other. There are also poisons from the fog, turtles, turtles, snakes, insects, and palace guards. . Postal pavilions often have large walls as a warning to get out of Ningde. "Due to the special geographical situation, the roads out of Ningde are circuitous and inconvenient to walk. Especially the south road is the only way to the provincial capital Fuzhou because of the long distance. It is long and extremely inconvenient to use. After Ding Daquan took office, after on-the-spot investigation, he overcame all the objections, overcame financial and other difficulties, and recruited workers to open up the famous "Baihe Ridge Road". The stone layers are stacked on top of each other, winding up the mountain, 5 kilometers long and 2 to 2.5 meters wide. Enter the Ningde boundary from Luoyuan and pass through Baiheling Road to the county seat. Although this road has "high skyscrapers and dangerous walls", it has greatly shortened the distance to Fuzhou and made it convenient for merchants and residents of Ningluo and Ningluo counties. Because of Ding Daquan's poor official reputation, "Baihe Ridge Road" has been criticized since its construction. In the 13th year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1534), Ye Chou, the county magistrate, reopened the South Road. Chen Chu, who was then Yunnan Road Supervisor and Censor, said in the "Records of Raising the South Road" that the road to Baiheling Road was opened by name, "it was the director of Jieding." "In the forty-second year (1563), it was abolished again due to the Japanese rebellion. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Xiangsheng Yang Wenbing and others blocked Ling Road on the grounds that "Qingluan has changed and morale is low". Cui Shizhao, who was then the magistrate of Guidong County, Hunan Province, heard the news and happily wrote "Wennan Road Reopening Announcement" happiness". Soon afterwards, the villagers behind Baihe Ridge successfully complained to the provincial government, and the county magistrate Yang Dingguo was ordered to rebuild the road. In fact, those who advocated blocking the Lingdao in the past dynasties were all feudal literati. They believed that "Lingdao directly hit the county seat, which would harm the cultural fortune." However, the people on the Ningluo border were supporters of the Lingdao. They didn't care about Feng Shui or not. Travel convenience is the first priority. From then until the Republic of China, this ridge road had been the main land passage connecting the provincial capital to the counties in eastern Fujian. In 2006, after the roads in the three villages of Lingtou were opened, Baiheling Road was still used by nearby villagers. It is precisely the important function played by this road that Liu Jiamou, an outsider from Ningde, said a fair word for Ding Daquan in "Hechang Manzhi": "The debaters said that the (Baihe) Ridge Road shoots directly into the county seat, which will harm the literary movement. However, after the old road in Baoqing (Zhuxi) was abandoned, there were still ten Jinshi in the Song Dynasty, and Ruan Dengbing was the most senior.

There were three Jinshi in the Yuan dynasty and twenty-one in the Ming dynasty, including Neo-Confucianism such as Chen Zixin, Han Guyi, and Chen Chu; loyalty such as Ruan Zongze, Cui Shizhao, Wu Guohua, and Chen Changyin; official achievements such as Chen Zongmeng, Lin Cong, Zuo Jun, Chen Yu, and Chen Xu; Literature such as Lin Baotong, Chen Bao, and Gong Dao are all impressive. " Then he said, " Jiajing began to return to the old road for twenty-seven years. Chongzhen came back again, and for four or five years, no one was admitted to the A and B departments. Is the reason for the rise and fall related to the same path? "Liu Jiamou used the eyes of a historian, a thorough and clear style of writing, and criticized the stubborn conservative ideas of feudalism by comparing pros and cons. He affirmed Ding Daquan's historical achievements and gave history a true face. Ding Daquan was the most talked about during his tenure in Ningde. The story is still about the legendary story of Baizhang Longtan, which is located in the mountains and is rarely visited. Although rain praying activities have been held since the Tang Dynasty, it is not known to outsiders. It is precisely because of the positive influence of a couplet on the dragon pavilion beside the pond. The author of this couplet is Ding Daquan. The record of Ding Daquan praying for rain on the Baizhang Lake was first seen in the Book of Fujian Volume 31 by He Qiaoyuan in the Ming Dynasty. ·Fang Yu Zhi": "In the Song Dynasty (Baizhangtan), the chief bookkeeper Ding Daquan prayed for drought, and asked people to lower the silver vase to beg for water. Get the earthen jar. Daquan Zhu said: "The dragon has a spirit. I should be rich and noble. Fortunately, it shows its difference." Then the dragon's claws appeared in the pool. After completing the collection, he went to the Zaifu and announced the title of Dragon King. " This record was later included in Xie Zhaozhe's "Changxi Suoyu" and Qing Lu Jianqi's "Ningde County Chronicles". Lu Jianqi's "Ningde County Chronicles" also recorded some details of Ding Daquan's construction of the Long Pavilion in the fourth year of Baoyou (1256). , Ding Daquan impeached Prime Minister Dong Huai and was promoted to the Privy Council (equivalent to today's Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission). Shenlong fulfilled his promise and achieved his wish, so Ding Daquan petitioned Lizong to grant Baizhanglong the title. Ding Daquan also proudly wrote a couplet for Longtan: The dragon rises from the Baizhang Pond, and the rain rises to the nine heavens. Ding Daquan will be infamy for thousands of years, but this couplet will last forever. It was recorded in Liang Zhangju and Liang Gongchen's "Couplet Continuation" and was collected by the Dragon King Temple in Jilin, thousands of miles away. It can be said that Ding Daquan was highly praised and became famous for a while. Because of Ding Daquan's reputation, local people were very proud of this section of Ding Daquan. According to history, the Qianlong version of "Ningde County Chronicles. Officials" commented on Ding Daquan: "Knowing that he (Ding Daquan) was destined to be his maid's son-in-law, he flattered his concubine temple, chased his right minister Dong Huai, and threatened his troops; he wrote to the Six Gentlemen. And cut off his status. How can he be jealous of the world if he has a beautiful face and a barking dog? The dragon has a spirit, which is suitable for showing its evil ears, but it is not important. The article harshly criticizes Baizhanglong's behavior and believes that this kind of "spiritual response" is not worth mentioning. Ding Daquan was indeed an out-and-out treacherous minister, but during his tenure as chief secretary in Ningde, he cared about local public welfare and did some practical things for the people. It is reasonable for Baizhang Long to come out to support and encourage. If Ding Daquan can take the people's livelihood as his own responsibility and work conscientiously as always, he will be famous for future generations. Looking back on the past, there were many such examples of "turning from integrity to corruption" after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the early days of liberation, Liu Qingshan, Secretary of the Tianjin Prefectural Committee, and Zhang Zishan, Commissioner of the Administrative Office, took advantage of their powers to embezzle and misappropriate public funds of 171,627,200 yuan (old) in just one year. currency (equivalent to about 1,716,272 yuan today), these old revolutionaries who came through the hail of bullets fell under the sugar-coated bullets and created "the largest anti-corruption case in New China." A few years ago, there was a secretary in this city who had a good reputation for fulfilling his official duties and treating the common people as close relatives. Later, unable to resist the temptation of fame and fortune, he embarked on a path of no return. "Learning from history can help us understand the ups and downs. Using people as a guide can help us understand gains and losses." This is worthy of deep thought by those in power. So looking back, Baizhang Long did not let down Ding Daquan, but Ding Daquan failed Baizhang Long and the people of the world.