The origin of the surname "Ma"
The surname (Má) originated from:
Yuanliuyi
It originated from the surname Mi, which came from the fiefdom of the Chu State officials during the Zhou Dynasty, and belonged to the fiefdom. The place name is Shi. Ying Shao, a famous Han Dynasty surname expert, recorded in "Family Names": "The Ma family, after Ma Ying, the Qi doctor, Han Ma Guang was the censor doctor, and Ma Da annotated the Analects of Confucius." In fact, in the Spring and Autumn Period, In the State of Chu, there were officials from the public family who gathered food in Mayi (today's Dangshan, Anhui). Their descendants took the name of their ancestors' fiefdom as their surname, and were called the Ma family. In the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, in the 24th year of Ji Yi, the king of Zhou Jian Dynasty (the sixth year of Jiang Gou, Duke Zhuang of Qi, 548 BC), there was civil strife in Qi. Cui Shu, the official, killed Duke Zhuang of Qi and made himself the right prime minister. Jiang Qingfeng was appointed as the right minister. Left Prime Minister. In the 27th year of King Jian of Zhou Dynasty (545 BC), Jiang Qingfeng was defeated in the struggle for power and was expelled. He fled to the state of Wu. King Wu Yu offered him the title of living in Zhufang (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). In the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Mi Wei (Xiong Qian), King of Chu Ling, in order to restore the dominance of Chu State, led the coalition of various countries to attack Wu State. He first conquered Zhu Fang, executed Qingfeng and exterminated his clan. When King Ling of Chu returned his army, he easily destroyed Lai State (today's Yicheng, Hubei Province), and then ordered people to build a city in Lai State, intending to move Xu State there. King Ling of Chu's wish to regain hegemony was initially realized. As the saying goes, "call the princes to come and conquer the Warring States Period. The city will not be destroyed, and the king's will will not be violated."
It was during this historical period that Yin Maying of Mayi in Chu State fled to Qi State, where he served as a doctor and spread the Ma clan to Shandong, where it has been passed down from generation to generation to this day.
Origin 2
It comes from the place name, which comes from Mayi, Qin State during the Warring States Period, and is a surname based on the name of the city. Mayi, the ancient Mayi Tunnel, was located near Xianyang, the capital of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, in today's Jingyang County of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the famous "Battle of Ma Tunnel" broke out in Mayi between Jin and Qin. The Battle of Ma Tun took place in the eighth year of King Jian of Zhou Dynasty (578 BC), and was the continuation of Jin Jinggong and Ji Ru's hegemony. Since the "Battle of Yaoshan", Jin's hegemony has been troubled by the alliance between Qin and Chu, and has been stuck in a passive position fighting both Qin and Chu. Therefore, during the reign of Duke Linggong and Duke Cheng of Jin, the hegemony declined and Chu State occupied a dominant position in the Central Plains. During Jin Jinggong's reign, several new arrangements were adopted: first, to eliminate Chidi and improve Jin's strategic position; second, to defeat Qi in the Battle of An (589 BC) and break Qi's , Chu alliance, forcing Qi to move closer to Jin; third, sending wizard ministers to Wu, uniting Wu to control Chu, and supporting Chu's trusted allies on the flanks; fourth, dismantling the alliance of Qin and Chu, so that they can be defeated individually. Jin Jinggong of Jin has completed the first three deployments, and the strategic situation in the Central Plains has developed in a direction favorable to Jin. After the defeat of the Ma Tunnel, the Qin State was sluggish for several generations and no longer posed a major problem to the Jin State in the west. After Jin defeated Qin at Ma Tun, it completed the deployment of the three powerful forces of "Qin, Di, and Qi" to subjugate Jin, and then turned to conquer Chu with all its strength. Duke Li of Jin finally defeated Chu in the famous "Battle of Yanling" in the 11th year of King Jian of Zhou Dynasty (575 BC), realizing Duke Jinggong's wish to rebuild his hegemony.
Ma Tun became famous after this war. Some people living there took the name of the place as their surname and called the Ma Tun family. Later, the provincial text simplified it to the single surname Ma. It has a long history.
Origin Three
It originates from the place name. It comes from Guma, the capital of Baekje Kingdom on the Korean Peninsula during the Han and Tang Dynasties. It is a surname based on the Sinicization of the name of the city. Guma is the name of the capital of Baekje Kingdom on the Korean Peninsula during the Han and Tang Dynasties, not a specific place name. No matter which dynasty built the capital in Baekje Kingdom, they always called the capital "Guma". It is recorded in the historical book "Southern History·Baekje Biography": "Baekje Kingdom, the king's capital city was called Guma, and the city was called Yanlu, just like the prefectures and counties in China." Baekje Kingdom, from 350 to 660 AD, was One of the three ancient kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula. According to the "Legends of Baekje" compiled by South Korea, the founding of the country was in the third year of Emperor Liu Ao and Hongjia of the Western Han Dynasty (18 BC), but in fact, the country was founded in the sixth year of Emperor Mu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sima Dan Yonghe (350 AD). ), in 18 BC, the so-called Baekje was still one of the fifty-four small tribal states of the Mahahan nation, and could not be called a "country" at all. In the seventh year of Sima Chi Yongjia (AD 313), Emperor Huai of the Western Jin Dynasty, after Goguryeo destroyed Lelang County and Mahan destroyed Daifang County, Boji, one of the fifty-four kingdoms of Mahan, rose up to unify the neighboring countries and Acquired part of Daifang County and established the Baekje Kingdom. When Baekje was founded, its location was centered on Gyeonggi-do in present-day South Korea, extending to the south of Hwanghae-do in the north, and across Chungcheongnam and Bukdo in the south.
At the time of the demise of Baekje, the famous general of Baekje, Heijia Changzhi, admired the Tang general Su Dingfang very much, so he surrendered to the Tang Dynasty and later became a famous general of the Tang Dynasty. He was loyal and had outstanding achievements. , was later framed by the treacherous minister Zhou Xing, and died in Wu Zetian's prison. Among the Baekje generals who surrendered to General Su Dingfang of the Tang Army with Heiji Changzhi, there were those whose surnames were named after the capital city of their homeland. They were called the Guma family. Later, the provincial text simplified the surnames into the single surnames Ma and Gu, and they have been passed down from generation to generation to this day.
Fourth Origin
It originated from the official position. It came from the official position in the Tang Dynasty. It is a surname based on the official title. It is recorded in the historical book "Hanlin Chronicles": "In the book of Tang Dynasty, both yellow and white hemp were used as Lun Ming. Later, Hanlin specialized in white hemp, and Zhongshu only used jute." Lun Ming, the emperor's edict, was written in Huang respectively. , white and two kinds of linen paper. Jiangma official is a common name for an official system in history. It comes from the "White Ma System Order" during the Tang Dynasty, that is, the white hemp calligraphy and ritual system, which was still used until the early Ming Dynasty. White hemp was the name for bookmaking popular in official circles during the Tang and Song dynasties. It also gave rise to a number of terms related to the white hemp calligraphy system, such as hemp case, hemp, Xuan hemp, peel hemp, stick hemp, press. Ma, Ma San Pei Si, Jiang Ma Guan, etc. were widely used in history books, notes, anthologies, poems, inscriptions, etc. in the late Tang Dynasty and even the Ming Dynasty. White hemp is not only a form of book ceremony, but also a privilege system. It is the political product of the struggle between imperial power and prime minister power. With the increasing strengthening of imperial power, in the 13th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1380), Zhongshu Sheng was dismissed, the prime minister and other officials were abolished, and the emperor Qiangang took full control. There was no need for the white hemp system to exist, and this special term also followed. Disappear quickly.
Among the many descendants of Ma An, Ba Ma, Xuan Ma, Pei Ma, Tie Ma, Ya Ma, Ma San Pei Si, Jiang Ma Guan, etc., there are those who are named after their ancestors’ official positions. , are all called the Ma family, because most of the people who were demoted to the Ma official position were high-ranking officials and important ministers. It is actually a very honorable thing to be called the Ma family. The origins of the Ma family name are complicated and cannot be written down or discussed.
Fifth Origin
It originated from the Hui people and was a Chinese-style change of surname to surname. Among the Hui people, the Ma family is mostly derived from the first sound of the sutra name. For example, the descendants of Ma Suhu and Ma Hema have the surname Ma. As far back as the Jin Dynasty, Ma Bingyi, a native of Datong, was the Minister of War. In the Ming Dynasty, Hui Hui had "many generals and talents in the Ma family", so he was known as "Dongli (Tieling Korean) Xima". Among the Ma Lu family who serve as generals in Datong, Shanxi, there are Ma Jin (Chief Military Officer of Xuanfu), Ma Gui (Chief Military Officer of Ningxia), Ma Chengen (Chief Military Officer of Datong), Ma Chengzhao (Chief Military Officer of Ningxia) and " Chengxun, Chengxuan, and Chengzong were all officers and soldiers. The descendants of these Hui generals are all Hui Ma clans, mainly distributed in the northwest of China.
Origin Liu
It originated from the Zhuang ethnic group and was changed into a surname in Han culture. The Zhuang dialect mà, which originally means "dog" in Zhuang language, is the symbol of a clan with a dog as its totem. It originates from the ancient "Quinrong tribe" and is a branch of the ancient Rongdi tribe. The self-proclaimed ancestor is The second white dog should be a dog as a totem.
During the Ming Dynasty's land-returning movement, this clan adopted a homophonic Chinese character as its surname, and its Chinese name was Ma.
Origin 7
Original from the Mongolian people, it is a Chinese-style change of surname to surname. During the Ming Dynasty, after the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty were defeated by the Ming army general Lan Yu, the Mongolian Oara tribe's grand master also first unified the Eastern and Western Mongolian tribes and the three Uuliangha guards. In the seventh lunar month of the year), a large-scale invasion of the borders of the Ming Dynasty began. Tuotuo Buhua led the Uliangha people to invade Liaodong, and the leaders of Haixi and other tribes "died in the Yexian Rebellion" (Fu'an Dongyi Ji). He also attacked Beijing from Datong first, and in August he captured Ming Yingzong alive at Tumu Fort in the west of Beijing. In December of the lunar calendar in the third year of Jingtai's third year (AD 1452), Emperor Zhu Qiyu of the Ming Dynasty also killed Tuotuo Buhua and established himself as the "Emperor Tiansheng of the Great Yuan Dynasty". Then he led his troops to conquer Jianzhou. At this time, Jianzhou was led by Meng Ge Tiemu. Er's half-brother Fancha led more than 300 households to move to the Suzi River in the upper reaches of the Hun River (today's Liaohe River in Liaoning Province), and reunited with Li Man's tribe who had moved there earlier. Their strength was strengthened, and they conquered the Ulliang Hasan San in one battle. Wei, soon after, also moved the Duoyan tribe to the land of Huanghemu. Dayan Khan Malker, whose full Mongolian name is Borjijin Batu Mengke (Batu Mengke), is the fifteenth generation grandson of Genghis Khan. After he became the Khan, people in the Ming Dynasty called him the "little prince" because of his young age. With the assistance of his wife Mandu Haihatun, he fought with Wala several times and finally defeated Wala. In the 20th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1484), the two Mongols in the east and west finally made peace, and a temporary period of peace emerged.
In the early years of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1506 AD), Dayan Khan successively eliminated the separatist forces headed by Yisi Mayin, Huoshai, Yibula, etc., and unified all the Monan Mongolian tribes. Dayan Khan finally established the Dominance of Eastern Mongolia.
Among the descendants of Dayan Khan Mak'er, there were those who had the Chinese surname with the homophonic Chinese character of their ancestor's name in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and they were called the Ma family, which has been passed down from generation to generation to this day.
Eight Origins
It originates from the Lisu people and is a Chinese-style surname. The Ma family of the Lisu tribe is of the same clan as the Zi family and comes from the same Ma family. The Ma Su language is "Zi Pa".
The Lisu language "Zi Pa" means "Ma clan". It is said that the Ma clan got its name because they were good at growing and weaving hemp. Later, they took the Chinese meaning of "Ma clan" and took "Ma" as their surname, calling them the Ma clan.
Origin Liujiu
It originates from the Tu ethnic group and is a Chinese-style surname. In the Tu language, a person who owns a hundred horses is called "Ma Xi Jiang Kong".
Legend has it that the people of Ma Xijiang (whose place is yet to be determined) were good at raising horses. They later took the homophonic Chinese characters for the first sound of "Ma Xijiang" as their surnames, and called them Ma and Ma.
Origin 10
Original from the Manchu people, it is a Chinese-style change of surname to surname. According to the historical record "General Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty· Clan Brief· Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria":
⑴. The Manchu Sakda clan, also known as the Bayala clan, is Sakda Hala in Manchu, and means "old" in Chinese. Taking the place as his surname, he lived in Ningguta, Ahuhe, Yehe, Sakda, Hetuala, Namtulu, Delhi Wohe, Heilongjiang and other places. Later Chinese surnames with multiple crowns were Ma, Cang, Cang, Luo, Li, Zu, Gao, Hai, Sa, Li, Chen, Luo, Lao, Ying, Yin, Ba Shi, Se Shi, Zang Shi, Li Shi, Tong Shi, Tuo Shi, Weng Shi, etc.
⑵. The Manchu Kodaj clan, known as Kodaj Hala in Manchu, meaning "sack" in Chinese, is a very ancient old Manchu tribe with a small number of people. It has four small branches and has lived in Vladivostok (today's Russia). Vladivostok), later named Ma with multiple Chinese surnames.
⑶. The Elo clan of the Manchu nationality, known as Elo Hala in Manchu, meaning "hemp thread" in Chinese, lived in the Changbai Mountains for a long time, and later had many Chinese surnames: Ma and Xian.
Origin 11
It originated from other ethnic minorities and was a Chinese-style change of surname to surname.
Miao, Yi, Lisu, Li, Tujia, Xibe and other ethnic minority groups today all have Ma people distributed in the country. Most of their origins were in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. During the policy of restraining Mi Mi and the movement of returning natives to local people promoted by the central government, the Han surname was changed to the Ma family, which has been passed down from generation to generation to this day.