Generally speaking, the longer livestock is raised, the better the meat tastes. If vegetables are grown slowly if they are planted in soil that is not fertile enough, will they taste better when eaten?
First of all, the development history and characteristics of caves in northern Shaanxi
Such as Suzhou gardens in the south, the cave landscape mentioned makes people feel that this often forgotten place - First time in northern Shaanxi. This cave is in northern Shaanxi, a loud cave.
Northern Shaanxi usually refers to the vast area south of the Great Wall, the Yellow River, west of Ziwu Ridge in the east, and north of Qiaoshan. Total area? Approximately 80,744 square kilometers. Yan'an, Yulin, 26 counties. With the inhabitants living in the form of caves. Today, facing the huge impact of construction, but the whole northern Shaanxi region, caves are still the main residents' homes, especially in the vast rural areas, with an occupancy rate of almost 100%.
A historic cave in northern Shaanxi. In 2004, archaeologists have discovered 70 homesteads near two primitive societies in the Longshan Culture Period (late Neolithic Age) stone market in Wubao County, northern Shaanxi Province, where there was a cave. The ancients built a shallow cave with a wooden frame and mud on the wall of the earth cave in the loess layer, and gradually formed a settlement. The prototype of this cave was formed more than 4,500 years ago. Cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi developed semi-underground or semi-underground in the Zhou Dynasty, and then developed into underground caves in the Qin and Han Dynasties, which are now the post-kiln developments. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, stone kiln walls began to be made. In the Qing Dynasty, local people built a stone cave in the model of a fake kiln. There are also colored tiles for adding kiln surfaces and dividing rooms and building new caves with upper and lower floors to make it more enjoyable. Why have people fallen in love with this form of ownership of caves from thousands of years ago to now? There are three reasons. One is that the deep loess and gravel have strong integrity and provide unique natural conditions for cave construction. Second, the place where the Han people in northern Shaanxi mix with the northern ethnic minorities, where the flames are burning again and again, is a refuge where people often migrate, so few people build luxurious residential compounds, and most people only pay 30 feet of history for the kiln to settle down. Home, war together, deserted. Earth cave mining is simple, low cost, labor-saving, warm in winter and cool in summer. Finally, the lack of tall trees on the Loess Plateau makes it practical to build a tiled house, so cave dwelling is a very suitable choice. Therefore, the caves in northern Shaanxi have been inherited from generation to generation.
The style around the northern caves is slightly different, reflecting different styles. However, the materials used are generally divided into four categories: kiln, stone kiln, brick kiln, and interface kiln. The dug kiln is backed by a loess cave dwelling. Caves grottoes and brick kilns in the ground with stones and bricks. The interface kiln has a layer of stone or brick hoops from the bottom to the top of the kiln surface cave. This cave looks neat and strong at the kiln entrance. In northern Shaanxi, many farmers live in this cave. Manor designs like Mizhijiang Manor, Ma's Manor, and Chang's Manor have unique ingenuity, combining architecture and cave dwellings, elegance, grandeur, and almost all the advantages of Cave 1 in northern Shaanxi and other advantages of the architectural style of Shaanxi. The essence of the North is the Cave of the Model. Generally speaking, cave maintenance has three holes or five holes, and most of the middle cathode kilns have four holes. Tin Shao intends to escape 46 bodybuilding said. The kiln legs are usually small kilns for worshiping the gods of heaven and earth. Cave, then the eaves of the kiln or use brick flower railings to prevent rain from washing the kiln surface. Some people form stone corridors with wood grain in front of the kiln, which are called worn ha. Cave doors and windows, willows, poplars, elms, piles of wood. Various formats of window frames, right and wrong staggered lengths and white, simple and elegant composition or novel octagonal architecture, 12 lotus lamps carved with floral patterns, very elegant, hand-painted pigments, it is very good. The cave door has two leaves, opening in the middle, as compared to one side, which has a single leaf. In some places the doors are hollow, called lattice doors, but in most places they are thick doors. The cave doors and windows are made of wooden frames and framed in the front of the cave. Upper two timber doors from two dormers, lower left. , bright, clean, warm diffused air linen paper framed wooden windows. The burrows, called brain rivers, fight dry food. The area in front of the cave is called Alkaline River and is mostly used for growing vegetables.
The cave is composed of two parts, the first kang, some kangs in the cave and kiln palms are finally connected, called palm kangs, some of them are close to the window sill in the front position, are called Set up a new stove in front of the kang or window.
The storyteller in northern Shaanxi has long been in the countryside, and his lyrics with a rich flavor of life are easy to understand. Northern Shaanxi storytelling is loud, rough, and full of Northern Shaanxi style. Storytellers in northern Shaanxi usually travel north and south, and many of them are blind. There will be specialized personnel to receive the stories of these artists, and then go to the storytellers' homes where the locals ask for stories. The storyteller's location is in the cave. Under the dim lights, the instruments that propel the story all over the body made the crowded audience intoxicated. In the cave, everything seemed so harmonious. The cave gives artists a stage to perform and also gives artistic heritage. The famous blind artist Han Qixiang is a famous cave for folk storytelling.
3.5 Stone carving art in the north. Stone carving in northern Shaanxi has a long history, freehand shapes, smooth lines, and self-sufficiency, occupying a unique position in Chinese stone carving art. The earliest stone engineering was produced in the Neolithic Longshan Text, dating back to about 3500-5000 years. A large part of them are caves of special form - caves. The so-called grotto is a cave of stones. There is a legend about two negatives in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas": "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made a rock, and the stone house was a stone house." The "stone house" is a stone cave, among which the more famous ones in the north are the Zhongshan Grotto Temple and Fuxian Hushi Hongsi Grottoes, Yan'an Qingliangshan Grottoes, Huangling County Shuanglong Temple Grottoes, Mizhi Poke Cave. Zhongshan Grottoes have been approved as a national key cultural relic protection unit. Folk stone carving art has a long history, and it is still one of the few art works preserved to this day. Folk stone carving artists can more fully reflect the inspiration and skills, undoubtedly throughout the Shaanxi Song Dynasty, after some Buddhist and Taoist cave temple statues. Promote another cave stone carving art performance Suide Stone Lion. The Suide lion originated from the kang-head stone lion. Among the people, it was mainly used to tie up children and crawl around. In order to prevent the children from falling on the kang head, it was a loyal guardian of the two children and also served as a toy. Today, it is the same three-sided paper-cut folk art treasure on display at the National Art Museum of China. A kang-headed stone lion created by a Suide man. Local craftsmen mostly worked randomly and improvised, because the feet were one inch larger and one inch smaller, different from the old officials in front of the lion. . The white kang-headed stone lions in Suide are naturally carved, rich in imagination, lively and interesting in the air, and have extremely high artistic value. The artist said: "The stone lions in Suide have the spirit of Dajiang. The most lovely life, the most vivid Charm, freehand tradition, pure national identity." The performance puts forward the Wuding River, with a thousand lions on the bridge and more than a thousand stone lions of different shapes, a concentrated expression of exquisite art. Four Shilipu is the largest stone market in China, which mainly sells carved lions. From the need for caves or out of religious beliefs in caves, once the relatively independent stone art was produced, it began to develop rapidly. However, it is undeniable that cave stone art had to be developed to a certain extent.
Four. Cave food is reflected in the culture of northern Shaanxi.
4.1 reflects the multi-ethnic culture of northern Shaanxi.
The history of northern Shaanxi is a complete competition for fun. place. The ancient peoples of Chidi, Baidi, and Quanrong who came here were also the later Xiongnu, Dangxiang, Xianbei, Mongols, and others. The culture of northern Shaanxi integrates the cultural identities of many ethnic groups, with Mongolian culture having the greatest influence there. The taboo on dogs in northern Shaanxi means a factor in the integration and conflict between agricultural culture and nomadic culture. In the customs of northern Shaanxi, the folk tradition is not to eat dog meat; during Qingming Festival, every household has yellow food stalls before and after Huang Ao's transfer process. You must wrap the cage cloth tightly with the yellow pan and don't let the dog see it. If the dog is seen, the yellow color is white. Lips (thick part with yellow edges no longer able to diffuse into a brown, delicious color that has always been active in the northern lands) and taboos. If a dog cannot be seen peeing on weekdays, a person who sees this will have vitiligo on the skin. According to research, this is the Red Di Yin Zhou Shaanxi, and it is believed that the dog totem, Bai Di, Quan Rong national culture and the Central Plains agricultural culture conflict and integrate. Although the Han people do not recognize the ancestors of dogs, they do admit that Rongdi worships dogs throughout the country. After a long time, "dog raising scale" has become a generally observed folk custom in northern Shaanxi.
4.3 reflects the closed nature of northern Shaanxi culture.
It is said that in the northern rural areas, it is probably the most diverse diet of the northerners. Some food names are not recorded in any recipes, and Chinese characters and dialects cannot be found. It is only suspected that the remaining vocabulary has disappeared. One or several languages. The reason for this situation is that the Loess Plateau area is very poor. In remote mountainous areas, the geographical environment, transportation and other conditions are not high, and the economic value is not high. In addition, several tribes have invaded for a long time, so they have never paid attention to the court. , as the vortex of war, the exile of prisoners, a relatively isolated field, a relatively isolated area. Thousands of years later, in China's land, the original tribal peoples have achieved assimilation after long-term integration. Except for some ethnic minorities, the Han culture has basically achieved great unity, with the only exception of the loess culture. Being relatively closed for a long time has allowed it to still maintain its original characteristics - original ecological culture, characteristics of ancient culture, and three-dimensional data becoming part of the national culture. Culture probes in the north, showing the cultural significance and original quality of the Chinese nation's culture, especially in northern China. During the Qingming Festival in the Song Dynasty, in addition to wheat cakes, cheese, milk cakes and other ready-made foods sold in the market, Tang Hou people also made a swallow-shaped pasta, called "date prison swallow", which is what people in the north now call it. The beauty is a form of dough art. China's pottery art has been written as early as the Han Dynasty, which originated from the custom of dough animals, rather than the folk festival of slaughtered cattle, sheep and other animals. This means that the former was used to offer sacrifices to Jie. The Ming Dynasty is about to leave, the jujube suppresses the swallows, and the summer begins, and the children eat fried food. Nowadays, in other parts of China, the customs of Qingming Festival have long ceased to exist, but they still remain in northern Shaanxi. In addition to this dough art reproductive worship, the customs of totem worship are completely retained. In northern Shaanxi folk songs, people still maintain the cultural characteristics of religious thoughts at the beginning of this week, believe in ghosts and gods, and believe in folk witchcraft in essence, which is very popular. Folk occupation or part-time Mr. Yin Yang is the host of such activities as Mr. Yin Yang, with ghost intermediaries, they can be accounted for by BU, can ward off evil spirits and throw disasters into chaos, guide and convince the good ghost town to drive away evil ghosts, and thus bear the power of civil servants in the end. This kind of folk witchcraft, such as star accounts, divination, sacrifices, charms, and exorcisms, was very popular in prehistory, and its origins may be traced back to the original society. Today, what remains of this practice has long been changing over time, but has remained unchanged due to the closed nature of the millennium culture of northern Shaanxi land. Paper-cutting in northern Shaanxi preserves ancient totems that have long since disappeared elsewhere. It is the continuation of the dragon and phoenix totem culture of primitive society and culture. Such as snake block mining in Luochuan, the first lion body, human face paper-cutting fish, deer-shu Ansai paper-cutting, hand-hand doll paper-cutting are the cultural relics of this era.
4.4 Have strong moral and religious ideas
Religion and culture Northern Shaanxi clearly reflects the cultural identity of multi-ethnic groups. The simplest expression is the white sheep belly towel of northern men, and the white dog totem worship is the Quanrong tribe. Multi-ethnic religious ideas enhance diversity but lose identity, effectively making the region the dominant religion. , China's traditional religion Taoism, Buddhism was introduced to the north from here, these religions all left their mark here, when this Taoist temple is nearby, but located in Baiyun Temple, 5 miles south of Jiaxian on the bank of the Yellow River Buddhist Grottoes, Buddha statues, stupas (pagodas) throughout the area. However, among the people, in people's minds, there does not seem to be a complete belief. There are still many religious buildings in this area. Almost every large village has a small temple on the edge, but many of these small temples do not have a Names, I don't know their religious affiliation. In people's minds, as long as one temple is the same, Buddhism and Taoism in many temples are mixed.
This negativity is reflected in the diet: the 12 rats of this month do not eat whole food (food that should be eaten on the ground, eat more pasta), and do not have knives to cut things, for fear of damaging the rats, and the extermination of rats will worsen, June 6 On the Tiankuang Festival, in the middle of the night, in the middle of the hot weather, people pour home pulp water (mung bean soup) on the tomb; on June 19th, vegetarian food worships the Buddha, eats boring rice and Laba rice porridge, and on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, the Kitchen God eats dates. Shan (steamed into a mountain-like surface, inlaid with a specific date), looks forward to the kitchen gods making good; locals eat rice cakes or Gao, which symbolizes the cold food festival (July 15th in some places) in the middle of the Cold Food Festival (July 15 in some places) in the shape of a rabbit or a snake. , which contains the meaning of reproductive worship and totem worship; the meaning of "cannot come out of rice" clearly expresses people's yearning for a better life. In short, the northern food culture includes some information on religion and other aspects, expressing the people's outlook on life or the unknown nature of fear and worship, which is characterized by the coexistence of multiple religions.