Why is "Chongwenmen" commonly known as "Hademen"? What does "Hade" mean?

As early as the Yuan Dynasty, Chongwenmen was called Hademen, commonly known as Wenmingmen and Haidaimen. The current Chongwenmen was renamed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (left Wen, Youwu, and Xuanwumen on the right) ), generally old Beijing would call it Ha (three tones) Demen.

Information:

1.

Had Gate, also known as Civilization Gate and Haidai Gate, was first built in 1268 and lasted for nearly 800 years during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. With a history of more than 100 years, it is known as the "Wine Gate", also known as the "Wine Road", because it is a special channel for transporting wine into the imperial city, so it is famous all over the world. "Wine Tao" is the ultimate achievement in Chinese wine culture. The homophonic name is also called "Hadamen", and the official name is "Chongwenmen". It is called the "Luck Gate" because it is the only gate that talented people must pass through in order to take the exam. It is also called the "Wealth Gate" because the tax department was established here during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the most prestigious gates among the nine gates in Kyoto. .

2.

The name Hada Gate was named after the Hada Palace of the Yuan Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Civilization Gate of the Yuan Dynasty was also called Hada Gate at that time. "Rixia Jiuwen Kao" Yinxijin Zhi says: "The palace of King Hada is inside the gate, hence its name." The identity of King Hada cannot be tested. "Hada" was also mistakenly pronounced as "Hada" and "Had". Until the liberation, there were Hadamen brand cigarettes. In the Yuan Dynasty, the name Hada Gate surpassed that of Wenming Gate. When some intellectuals were writing, they thought "Hada" and "Hada" were not elegant enough. On the one hand, they took advantage of their homophony and on the other hand, they took advantage of the geographical location of Wenming Gate at the east end of Nancheng to write it as "Haidai Gate". "Chang'an Hakka" written by Jiang Yikui of the Ming Dynasty said: "Taishan and Bohai all end in the east of the city. In the Yuan Dynasty, the famous family "Haidai" was named here." Hai refers to Bohai and East China Sea; Dai refers to Daizong, Daizong That is Mount Tai. Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, has a poem in "Looking at the Mountains" that says, "What if you hurt your clan husband? Qilu is still young." Both of these places are in the east, so the explanation makes more sense. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Yang Congqing's "Beijing Situation Outline" also said: (Chongwenmen) "It is also called Haidai, saying that the mountains, seas and seas are all stairways to pay tribute, and the tax department is here." This is just from the history of the Ming Dynasty. Xuan's "History of the Old Capital" states that "the nine gates of the capital are all taxed and unified under the Chongwen Division". Since there is a general taxation department in Chongwenmen, it is extremely far-fetched to interpret "Haidai" as "Shanzuo Haiyao". But regardless of the interpretation of the word "Hai Dai", the literati of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and even the highest rulers, often did not use the words "civilization" or "Chongwen", but "Hai Dai". For example, Zhuo Mingqing of the Ming Dynasty "Deng Chongwen Tower" "Poetry: "The first night at the top of the city is pure and clear. Haidai is clearly visible and my eyes are open. I sit down when the purple air is in the air. The sound of autumn is here for thousands of miles. "Ascending Haidai Gate, the autumn air is high, the purple air comes from the east, the eyes are opened thousands of miles away, how majestic it is! "Baihuatang Poems" written by the Qing Dynasty: "Haidai gate is high when you look at it, but you are miserable and humble. "Using his "lowness" to set off and praise the towering Haishangmen. Therefore, from the Yuan to the Qing Dynasty, there were many dignitaries and celebrities living in the Chongwenmen area. For example, "Chenyuan Shilue" records: Wang Yan, the censor of the Yuan Dynasty, was in Wenmingmen A few miles to the southeast, there are villas built in a "garden setting", and there is also a "Shuimu Qinghua Pavilion", which is particularly outstanding. At that time, Xu Youren recorded that he climbed up to this pavilion and "looked north at the city gate". , five clouds and mist; looking to the west, the boats (referring to the boats on the Tonghui River) are scattered among the vast smoke and jagged clouds and trees." This shows the grand scene near the gate of civilization at that time. Yongzheng Jinshi who was given the title of "Wenzheng" after his death , Liu Tongxun, a scholar of Dongge University and the crown prince's Taibao (according to the law of the Qing Dynasty, "Wenzheng" was the most difficult and least difficult), Yongzheng gave him the imperial poem "Haidai Gaofen", which means that Liu lived in Haidaimen "Shuicao Qingxia Lu" also records that the famous calligrapher Zhang Zhao (also known as Detian) also lived outside Chongwenmen, "Zhanyu has a large and deep nanmu hall", which was very particular in the Qing Dynasty. Chongwenmen is no longer the southernmost site of the capital in the Yuan Dynasty and the capital in the early Ming Dynasty, but has become a more lively inner city.

The story goes like this: Zhu Yu, the king of Yan in the Ming Dynasty, originally sealed it. After seizing the throne of his nephew Emperor Jianwen, the reign name was Yongle, and he decided to move the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, so from 1406 (the fourth year of Yongle), Beijing was rebuilt on the basis of the capital city of the Yuan Dynasty. It was built in the 18th year of Yongle. First, the Nancheng site of Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty was moved 0.8 kilometers southward. The original Nancheng site of Dadu was approximately located in the northern section of Tiananmen Square today. It became what it is now. At the same time, the North City was demolished, part of the East and West City was also demolished, and another North City was built.

Outside Andingmen and near Jimen Bridge today, there are also the remains of Tucheng, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Second, change the earth city into a brick city. Although the earthen cities in Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty were covered with "coir raincoats", the reed curtains could not withstand the rain. Therefore, in the Yuan Dynasty, some "city collapses" often occurred, only in the 20th to 30th years of the Yuan Dynasty in the era of Kublai Khan. Within a year, the city collapsed eight times. Every time repairs are carried out, a large number of people are mobilized, people are wasted and money is wasted, and the money is not worth the money. The brick city rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty was also slightly trapezoidal, wide at the bottom and narrow at the top. Between each row of bricks, there was a slight recess upward to facilitate the drainage of rainwater. Third, the eleven gates in Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty were changed to nine gates, and the three gates in Nancheng remained the same. Only the names of the city gates were changed, such as Wenming Gate to Chongwen Gate, which remains until today.