What does "participating in change" mean?
The number of participants in the change is complex (Part II)
Third, the "participation in Wu" in ancient astronomy.
The basic basis for interpreting "Participating in Wu" from the perspective of ancient astronomical calendar must come from the authoritative works of ancient astronomical calendar, that is, astronomical almanac and astronomical monographs in historical books of past dynasties. Especially astronomical calendar, since the dominance of Confucianism in Han Dynasty was established, historical books of all dynasties have been in the inheritance system of Confucianism, among which astronomical calendar inherited Confucius' view of heaven, and the creation of calendar was based on Confucius and Yi Zhuan, and the interpretation of Yi Zhuan with astronomical calendar was in line with Confucius' original thought of Yi Zhuan.
Look at the historical records first. The author Sima Qian is a descendant of Chong Li family, a famous astronomer in the Zhuan Xu era of the Five Emperors. He has a family history of ancient astronomy and is a "history of the Zhou Dynasty". During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian participated in the creation of the first calendar of the Han Dynasty-taichu calendar. His father, Sima Tan, "learned from Tianguan and received from Yang Heyi", is the ninth direct descendant of Confucius' Yi Zhuan. Sima Qian inherited his father's "correction of the Book of Changes" and the legacy of Spring and Autumn Annals. Obviously, he has profound attainments in ancient astronomical calendar and Zhouyi.
"Official Records of Historical Records" says: "Anyone who belongs to heaven must pass three to five". In the end, from ancient times to modern times, if you observe the change of time and check its essence, then Tianguan will be prepared. When it comes to the "Three Five", Sima Zhen's "Suoyin" notes: "Three refers to three days, and five refers to five stars." "Official Book of Heaven" says: "If you look up, you will see the celestial phenomena, and if you look down, you will learn the Dharma." There are sun and moon in the sky and yin and yang in the ground. There are five stars in the sky and five elements on the ground. Judge Zhang Heng pointed out: "Wen Yao is beautiful in the sky, with seven movers, as well as the sun, moon and five stars. Japanese, the master of sun be the spirit; Month, the Sect of Yin essence; Five stars, the essence of five elements. The stars are arranged, and the body is born on the ground and refined in the sky. " According to this view, the sun, moon and Yin and Yang belong to an organic whole, which is the sun and moon in the sky and Yin and Yang on the earth. Five stars and five elements belong to one, five stars in the sky and five elements on the ground. Therefore, "participating in martial arts" is the same as "Three Five", both of which are three stars in the sky and five elements in the underground. This idea can be traced back at least to the Confucius era at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. "Thirty-two years of Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong" said: "There are three days in the sky and five elements in the earth." "Guoyu Luyu" said: "It is the third day of the day, so the people pay tribute to it; And the five elements belong to the soil, so reproduction is also; Moreover, Kyushu is famous for its mountains and rivers, so it is also used to make money. Therefore, it is the essence and core of the ancient concept of heaven and the thought of the way of heaven and earth to attribute the heaven to the three immortals and five stars and regard the changes of the three immortals and five elements of yin and yang as "the changes of the world", from which all kinds of changes of everything are derived. The understanding of it has a long history.
Look at Annals of Han History again. The calendar of the Western Han Dynasty is taichu calendar, which was founded in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. After being improved by Liu Xin at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, it was called Sanli. Liu Xin was a famous scholar and astronomer in the late Western Han Dynasty, and the founder of China Classical School. He made a great contribution to the calendar, opened an extremely important astronomical table and algorithm in the ancient calendar of China, and gave a highly accurate five-star rendezvous time, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Liu Xin inherited the thought of Yi Zhuan and used the mysterious figures in Yi Zhuan to derive various important astronomical data of St. thomas lee. Among them, "participating in martial arts to change" is the theoretical basis and guiding ideology of his creation of "three calendars" In the book of Han, there is a saying: "The Book of Changes says:' It is complicated to participate in martial arts for change. Through its changes, it becomes the text of the world; Very few, so the image of the world is certain. "Tai Chi transports three Chen and five stars at the top, while vitality turns to three systems and five elements at the bottom. It is human, and the emperor is extremely unified with the three virtues and five things. Therefore, the three-Chen combination is also in the three series, with the sun in the sky, the moon in the ground and the fight in people. The five elements are combined, hydrated in the morning star, cremated in the confused star, golden in Taibai, woody in the old star and earthy in the town star. Three stars and five stars, but also latitude and longitude. Obviously, Liu Xin also interpreted "enlightenment" as three stars and five stars, and regarded "enlightenment change" as "the change of the world".
The calendar of the Eastern Han Dynasty is a quarterly calendar. According to the textual research on the calendars recorded in Chunqiu and Zuozhuan, the four-year calendar, also known as the pre-Qin four-year calendar or the ancient four-year calendar, was formed as early as the late Spring and Autumn Annals and was applied in the early Western Han Dynasty. The year of return is 365.5 days, hence the name "Xifen". This data is determined by the average value of the long time span between adjacent winters and sundays. The lottery method is seven times in nineteen years, which is based on the calendar principle of "starting from the end, centering on the right and returning to the end" proposed by Confucius. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when the taichu calendar Law was enacted, the length of the tropic year was adjusted. Due to the large error, the four-year calendar was reissued in the Yuan and two years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was called the four-year calendar of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is worth noting that since the Spring and Autumn Period, although other calendar data have changed from time to time, in 19, Qishuo, as a leap rule created by sage Confucius, has been used for nearly a thousand years, and it was not until the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties that it was properly adjusted, which shows its great influence. For this reason, the calendar of the Eastern Han Dynasty has an important historical origin with Confucius and Yi Zhuan. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "This book is divided into four parts to follow Yao and Confucius' book." This once again confirms that the calendar of the Eastern Han Dynasty still follows the principle of the Confucius calendar in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The book of the later Han Dynasty, The Calendar of Records of the Meeting, also mentioned "taking part in martial arts to change". Among them are: "the sages of past dynasties made calendars, watched the movement of the three lights, the development and convergence of Tao, the length of scenery, the structure of battle program, the creation of Qinglong, the participation of martial arts, and the complexity of skills." The "sage calendar" mentioned here refers to the calendar created by saints, and the following "observing the movement, the trip to the Three Lights, the development and convergence of the Tao, the length of the scenery, the construction of the bucket outline and the creation of the Qinglong" are all concrete methods and processes in the process of calendar creation. These methods and processes ultimately boil down to "participating in change and controlling complicated numbers". It can be seen that "participation in martial arts to change, numbers are complicated" reflects the principle of calendar and its creation process. As long as these principles and processes are clearly explained, we can understand the word "participating in martial arts" and even understand the complete meaning of this discussion.
In order to facilitate the following explanation, first of all, I will introduce the concept of twelfth birthday here. The emergence of the concept of "twelve days" is to determine the needs of December and twenty-four solar terms in the calendar. Around the Spring and Autumn Period or earlier, the starry sky was divided into twelve celestial regions along the celestial equator, which were called twelve times, and were named after twelve days in turn, namely, Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. The starting point of each time is "festival" and the middle point is "qi", which consists of twelve festivals and twelve qi, making it twenty-four solar terms. In addition, there are 12 areas on the ground, of which due north is the starting point and named after twelve Chen in turn, so due east is the base, due south is noon, and due west is unitary. The division of the twelve dates on the ground establishes the benchmark for the establishment of Beidou, and the month can be determined according to the direction of Beidou bucket handle.
About Xuan Ji, the Big Dipper is Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang, named after Tian Xuan and Tianji, so it is also called Xuan Ji. The Big Dipper revolves around the North Celestial Pole once a year. "Xuan Ji Luck" refers to the rotation of the Big Dipper around the North Celestial Pole.
"Three light" refers to the sun, the moon and the twenty-eight lodges, as well as the running state of "three light tour" in the twenty-eight lodges system.
"Tao" is the ecliptic, and "convergence of Tao" refers to the position changes of the sun, the moon and the five stars when they are close to or far from the earth when they run along the ecliptic.
"Jing" is the projection of the standard table. The ancient name is an instrument used to measure the length of the sun shadow in ancient times. The shadow is short in summer until the sun is near, and long in winter until the sun is far away. Measuring the change of "the length of the scene" can be used to determine the solar terms.
"Dougang" refers to the direction in which the connecting line of Shu Tian, Yuheng and Yaoguang of Beidou points to the ground, and the month is determined by the position of the connecting line pointing to the ground for twelve days. People call it "Beidou Chen Jian" or "bucket handle Chen Jian". For example, Jianzi is the first month of the weekly calendar, Jianzhou is February, Yin Jian is March, and so on. The connecting line shown in figure 1 points to the unitary position in the west direction, which is called Beidou Jianyou. This is September in the weekly calendar, and it is also the month where the autumnal equinox is located.
"Qinglong" refers to the old star (Jupiter). In ancient numerology, there were five squares, five elements, five stars, five celestial palaces and ten heavenly stems, namely
East-A, B-Mu-Qinglong-Suixing;
West-Geng Xin-Gold-White Tiger-Taibai;
South-Bing Ding-Fire-Suzaku-Flashing;
North Renshui Xuanwu Chen Xing;
Central China-Promise-Earth-Huanglong-Revitalization.
Because both Qinglong and Suixing belong to the structure of the Oriental Lady, Suixing is also called Qinglong. The ancients believed that the old star circled the earth once every twelve years and passed through a celestial body area every year (one of the twelve times). Therefore, according to the position of the old star in the celestial sphere, twelve years can be realized, which are called the old star in the child, the ugly old star, the old star in the shadow and so on. Therefore, "the place where Qinglong lives" means "the year of the year".
Therefore, the sage of the calendar written by the sages mentioned above is Confucius, while the calendar written by the sages refers to the quarter calendar of pre-Qin. The so-called "following Kong Jing's Heaven" means that in the post-Han period, saints followed the teachings of Confucius and the will of God, and re-established a quarter calendar. The calendar methods mentioned in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, such as "Yun, Tri-Light Journey", should be interpreted as "Three Chens" and "Five Stars"