Appreciation of the Full Text of Wu Zhishu's Cao Pi
Every time I miss my past trip to Nanpi, I never forget it. Thinking about the Six Classics, having fun, playing chess, ending with six blogs, talking about entertainment, mourning Zheng, wonderful. Galloping in the northern wilderness, swimming in the South Pavilion, floating sweet potato springs, and sinking cold water in Zhu Li. The day passed, then the moon grew, we rode together, we swam in the backyard, and the wheels moved slowly. The guests were silent, and the evening breeze was blowing, which made them sad. As far as ancient jade is concerned, happiness is difficult, but the first step is salty. Today's fruits are different, each on one side. Yuan Yu died and became a foreign body. When can I say every thought?
When Jin Fang visited the world, the scenery was full of things, the weather was warm and there were countless fruits. Traveling by car, following the bend of the river in the north, singing to clear the way, literature in the back, different festivals at the same time, things are different, how can I work? Today, I was sent to Ye, so I made a mistake. Come on, love yourself! White skin.
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On May 18, Cao Pi said the following words to you: Ji Zhong, are you in good health? Although I'm not far from you, I can't meet you often because of my duties. The idea of telling you my parting feelings is unbearable to me. My official place is remote, and there are not many letters between us, which adds to my melancholy.
Every time I think of my previous amusement in Nanpi, it's really unforgettable! I express my views on the Six Classics, and a hundred schools of thought contend and speak freely. Occasionally play the piano and play chess, and win the next six contests. Elegant speech makes people feel happy, and the solemn and stirring piano sounds sweet. Riding in the north field and gathering in the south hall. Float sweet melons and fruits on the clear spring, and soak delicious plums and plums in cold water. As the sun sets and the moon rises, we ride in the backyard. The wheels turned slowly and the followers became silent. Night wind Xu Lai, low blowing sad Hu Jia. Joy has passed, and sadness has struck, which makes people sad. I remember saying to you at that time: this kind of happiness is hard to come by! The first step and everyone agree with this statement. It's really different now. We have our own opinions. Besides, Ruan Yu is gone forever and has become a ghost. Every time I think about it, I don't know when I can talk again.
It's May now. The southeast wind is blowing the earth, everything is reviving, the weather is warm, and the fruit trees are flourishing. At this time, I drove my car north to meander. Although some attendants blew Hu Jia's way, the driver of Prince Literature followed. The solar terms are exactly the same as those in Nanpi, but the time is different. The scenery remains the same, but the people are different. The worries in my heart are really hard to describe, and I miss my old friends deeply. This time, I sent a special envoy to Yecheng on business, specially asking him to take a detour and bring you this letter. Goodbye, please take care! Cao Pi worships Qi.
two
On February 3, Pibai. Time is easy to get, and you won't come back for four years. I haven't seen you for three years, and Dongshan still regrets its distance. The situation is over. What can I do? Although books are scarce, they are not enough to solve their problems.
In the past few years, diseases and epidemics have caused many relatives and friends to leave their disasters. Xu, Chen, Ying, and Liu all died at once, and the pain was terrible! In the past, when I traveled, I was connected, but when I stopped, I was sitting. Have you ever lost sight of each other? Every time it is popular, the silk and bamboo play together, the wine is warm and the ears are hot, and poetry is recited. At this time, I suddenly didn't know I was happy. It's sad to say that we have been apart for a hundred years, but we can protect each other for a long time, no matter how many years it takes. His legacy is written in one episode. Judging from its name, it has been recorded as a ghost. Memories of the past are still in my heart; And these philosophers, turned into dirt, can recover!
Throughout ancient and modern literati, they don't care about their own details, and they rarely stand on their own honor. Wei Chang, who is indifferent, has the ambition of Mount Ji and can be described as a gentleman. He wrote more than 20 articles about Zhong Lun, which became family letters and spread to the future in elegant language. This son is immortal. Deutsche Bahn is often brilliant, with the intention of writing, and talented enough to write books, but its ambition is not satisfactory, which is a pity. People who read various essays by philosophers and wipe their tears will not only hurt the deceased, but also think of themselves. Kong Zhangzhang is extremely healthy and slightly rich. There is escape on business trip, but it is not embarrassing. His five-character poems are well written and unique. Yuan Yu's secretary is charming, which makes him very happy. Zhong Xuan is good at Ci, but he is weak, so he is not good at writing. As for goodness, the ancients could not surpass it. In the past, Boya lost himself in the middle period, and Zhong Ni lost himself in Luz. It is difficult to meet a bosom friend and hurt his master. Philosophers are not as good as the ancients, but they have lived for a while, and those who have lived to this day have been caught. The afterlife is awesome, and it is difficult for newcomers to falsely accuse. But I'm afraid I'm not as good as the first step.
I grew up in my career, full of troubles, and I didn't worry for less than a whole night. When will ambition return to the past? I am an old man, but I am not old enough! Guang said, "I am in my thirties and I am ten years old in the army." My virtue is inferior to it, and my years are equal to it. Serve the tiger and leopard with the quality of dogs and sheep; Without bright stars, when will the light of the holiday moon be easy to see and see? I'm afraid I can never go back. Young people really need to work hard. A year later, how can they climb? The ancients thought it was good to travel by candlelight at night.
Why entertain yourself? Did you do a lot? Looking east at the city, cutting books and telling the truth. White skin.
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On February 3, Cao Pixian said: Time flies, and we will be apart for another four years. I haven't seen you for three years, and the soldiers in Dongshan's poem are still lamenting that the time of parting is too long, not to mention that we have been separated for more than three years. How can we endure this desire? Although correspondence is not enough to relieve the deep nostalgia.
There was an epidemic the year before last, and most of my relatives and friends suffered misfortune. Xu Gan, Chen Lin, Ying and Liu Zhen all died soon. How can I express my inner sorrow in words? In the past, when we were together, the car was connected to the car when we went out, and the seats were connected when we were resting. Have we been apart for a while? Whenever we exchange a glass of wine, accompanied by orchestral music, and the wine is full of fragrance, we look up and recite the poem we just wrote. Whenever I am intoxicated with joy, I don't think it is a rare joy in my trance. I thought that a hundred years' long life is everyone's share, and we should stay together for a long time. How can you think that after a few years, almost all these good friends have passed away? It's sad to say here. Recently, their legacy has been compiled into a book. Look at their names. They're already on the list of the dead in the underworld. Looking back on the good old days, everything is still fresh in my mind, and these good friends have passed away and turned to dust. How dare you say it again?
Throughout ancient and modern literati, most of them are informal, and few can stand on fame and integrity. However, only Xu Gan has both literary talent and good moral character. He is quiet and indifferent, not too addicted to lust, has the heart of retirement, and does not covet power. He is a gentle and simple gentleman. He is the author of more than 20 articles on China. His own works are elegant enough to be handed down to future generations, and his spirit and achievements will last forever. Being outstanding in literary talent often means writing. His talent and knowledge are enough to write a book, but it should be a pity that his good wishes have not come true. I read their articles recently and couldn't help crying after reading them. I not only miss my lost friends, but also feel that life is too short. Chen Lin's writing style is vigorous and powerful, but slightly lengthy. Serina Liu's writing is free and unrestrained, but not strong enough. His five-character poems are perfect and outstanding among his contemporaries. Ruan Yu's beautiful words make people feel very happy. RoyceWong is only good at ci-fu, but his style is exquisite, which can't inspire the momentum of the article. As for what he was good at, no one in ancient times could surpass him very far. Once upon a time, I broke the piano after my death in Zhong period and never played it, lamenting that my bosom friend was hard to meet. Confucius heard that he was killed by wei ren, chopped it into meat paste and ordered people to pour the meat paste at home. No sad disciple can compare with Luz. Some of these people are not as good as the ancients, and they are regarded as a generation of outstanding talents. No one is alive now. There will be outstanding talents in the future, which is hard for future generations to despise, but I'm afraid I can't catch up with you.
With the growth of age, my mind is full of ideas, and I often think about them, so that I stay up all night. When will my ambition and interest be as high as in the past? He has become an old man, but he has no white hair. Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty said, "I have experienced more than one thing in my thirties and ten years in the army." My talent can't catch up with him, but I am as old as him, but I am in a high position, with low talent and insufficient moral integrity. I am only in a high position with the help of my father Cao Cao, and everyone pays attention to my every move. When can I change this situation? I'm afraid I can't play like I used to. Young people really need to work hard. Once they are old, how can time stay? It really makes sense for the ancients to want to play with candles at night.
Why are you entertaining yourself recently? What else can I do? I can only look east at you and write to express my views. Cao Pi worships Qi.
Brief introduction of the author
Cao Pi (187-226), Emperor Wendi of Cao Wei, was a famous politician and writer in the Three Kingdoms period. The founding emperor of Cao Wei reigned for 220 to 226 years. Pei Guoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). Cao Cao's eldest son, Wei Wudi and Mrs. Bian. After his death, the temple was named "Gaozu" (the son Tongzhi was built as the ancestor) and was named "Wendi", which was called "Wei Wendi" in history. Because of his literary achievements, he is also called "Three Caos" with his father Cao and his brother Cao Zhi. There are few easy talents, and I widely read ancient and modern classics and books with a hundred schools of thought contending. At the age of eight, you can become a writer. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), he was a corps commander and deputy prime minister with five senses. In the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), with the help of Sima Yi, Wu Zhi and other ministers, Cao Pi defeated his younger brother Cao Zhi in the dispute over inheritance rights and was made Prince Wang Wei. In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, died of illness, and his son Cao Pi succeeded to the throne as Wang Wei, the prime minister and animal husbandry in Jizhou. Pacify the rebellion of Jiuquan and Zhangye, and recover the three counties of Shang Yong from Liu Bei Group. Internally, he actively adjusted the contradiction between Cao Shi and the cremation, resolutely adopted Chen Qun's opinion, established the "Nine Grades" system, successfully eased the relationship between Cao Shi and the cremation, gained their support, and laid the foundation for claiming the throne. In October of that year, he immediately forced Emperor Xian of Han to meditate and become the Great Wei Emperor. The name of the country was David, later changed to Huang Chu and Luoyang, and the capital city is here. Cao Pi insisted on monopolizing power and establishing a Chinese book province, and its officials were replaced by scholars. Originally, the responsibility of drafting imperial edicts was transferred to the officials of Zhongshu Province, and the right of confidentiality was gradually transferred to Zhongshu Province. Officials are not allowed to pass orders, which limits the power of eunuchs; It is stipulated that women are not allowed to pre-govern, ministers are not allowed to play the role of empress dowager, and descendants and families are not allowed to serve as auxiliary governments. Advocate frugal and thin burial and prepare for the "final system". After the implementation of the nine-product system, he used human rights to return from the local to the central government, but it also led to the gradual monopoly of the ruling power of Wei by the gentry.
Some of Cao Pi's measures reflect his political talent, but in terms of military talent, he is far from being compared with his father Cao Cao. He led a great army to attack Wu three times, with little effect, but his literature has made considerable achievements. Ge Yanxing is the earliest extant seven-character poem of literati in China. His five-word Yuefu is beautiful and touching; Essays on Canon is the first monograph in the history of China's literary criticism and occupies an important position in the history of China's literary criticism. The "essays" discussed are articles in a broad sense, including literary works, which involve several very important issues in literary criticism. Although a little rough, it is the first time in the history of literary criticism.
Generally speaking, during the six years of Cao Wei's reign, the national strength was further enhanced, and the territory was constantly expanded, which repeatedly defeated the invasions of Hu Qiang, Xianbei and other ethnic groups. In the seventh year of Huang Chu (226), Xelloss returned to Luoyang and was very ill. Cao Cao was entrusted to Chen Qun, Cao Zhen, Sima Yi and others. At the age of forty, according to his proclamation, he was buried in the first Yangling. Amin Zhang Yan compiled Wei Wendi Collection.
Appreciation: melt the thoughts between the lines and turn feelings into beautiful sentences.
The Three Kingdoms is a divided war era, but it is a brilliant and colorful period in the history of China literature. When Cao Cao unified the north, the society had a relatively stable environment, and the once declining literature had a new vitality. Cao Cao and his son love literature and both have profound literary accomplishment. Under their advocacy, the status of literati was valued, and a large number of literati gathered around them, making a new breakthrough in literary creation. Due to the social environment and personal experience, their works often have a generous and sad artistic style, which truly reflects the social reality and the thoughts and feelings of literati in the late Han Dynasty. Cao Pi is one of the most outstanding representatives of Jian 'an literature.
Cao Pi wrote in Moon Hee of the Three Kingdoms: "At the beginning, the emperor was good at writing, with hundreds of articles as his service. It also enables Confucian scholars to edit classic collections, and they follow the same. There are more than a thousand articles titled "Huanglan". " The simultaneous interpreter quoted Shu Wei as saying: "When the emperor was in the East Palace, the epidemic was so serious that people were dying. The emperor sighed deeply and said to the respected Wang Dali Shu Lang, "Life has the shape of seven feet, and death is the only coffin. It can make a name for itself and it can be immortal. Secondly, it's like writing a book ...' Therefore, he wrote 100 articles on canon and poetry. Kan Kan took pains to gather all the Confucians in front of the city gate to talk about the sense of honor. Chang Jia, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was the monarch and pardoned Xuan Mo. He wanted to educate the people with morality, which is a saint. "It can be seen that Cao Pi regards" writing articles "as the second important career besides making contributions. It is precisely because of his emphasis on the writing of "Poems as Friends" and "Qi as Treasure" in Essays on Canon that China's literary criticism is the first and immortal work.
Cao Pi mainly lived in a relatively peaceful environment in northern Battle of Red Cliffs, and liked to learn martial arts when he was young. Because of its special political status, it is almost effortless to live a noble life in the army. No outstanding achievements in politics and military affairs. But he was deeply influenced by his father Cao Cao. In addition, he is gifted, familiar with classics, especially fond of Yuefu folk songs, thus laying a solid foundation in literature and making great achievements in poetry and literary theory. Therefore, Chen Shou's evaluation of Cao Pi focuses on this point, saying that he is a "brilliant writer, who has written a chapter, is knowledgeable and has both talent and appearance." Liu Xie also praised: "Wei Wencai is brilliant." This book, The Book of Wuyu, is selected from Selected Works of Zhaoming, and it is an excellent parallel prose that best embodies Cao Pi's "Qing Qi" style.
This letter was not included in the History of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of Wu Zhi, but Zhu Pei's comments were quoted in Wei Lue. The title of Selected Poems of Zhaoming is Poems of Chao Dynasty, and its signature is Wei Wendi. When editing Ci Fu and Parallel Prose in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, Mr. Cao Daoheng also wrote The Book of Songs to the DPRK. However, according to the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Zhi, Pei Songzhi quoted Wei as saying, "Hebei is a prince, and the five senses are on the same stage as Serina Liu and others. On the occasion of the task of sitting on the bench, Xu became a Long song, and later moved to Yuan Cheng. Later, the army marched westward and the prince was in Jinmeng Town. " Qin and Han dynasties system: county-level officials below 10,000 households are called dragons, and those above them are called orders. Wu Zhichu was in charge of less than 10 thousand households when he was singing, so he grew up. When Cao Pi wrote this letter to him, he was promoted to Yuan Xiling. The editor of Selected Works failed to make a detailed textual research, and subjectively defined Wu Zhi's official position as "Chao Ge Chang" as "Chao Ge Order", which was inconsistent with the system at that time and Wu Zhi's experience. Furthermore, when Xelloss wrote this letter, he was just a prince, and the selected anthology was called "Wei Wendi", which was called by Xelloss's later emperor, which was also inconsistent with the facts. When Tang Lishan annotated this letter, he quoted the Canon and said: "(Wu) Long song, the army marched westward, and the prince was in town." The quotation is similar to that recorded in Wei Lue, but I don't know which is the original historical data. There is only one thing that cannot be denied. Cao Pi was still a prince at that time.
When was this letter written? All kinds of historical materials are not explained. In the first sentence of the article "Selected Works", there is the sentence "May 18th", which is not found in Wei Lue. Pei Songzhi (372-45 1), the annotator of the reflection of the three kingdoms, was born in Liu Song Dynasty in Southern Dynasties, and Xiao Tong (50 1-53 1), the editor of Selected Works, was born in Southern Dynasties. Wei Lue, which was quoted by Pei Songzhi, was written by the fish of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, so it should be authoritative. Xiao Tong wouldn't make up words he didn't see for no reason, so there is only one possibility, that is, the date of the letter was omitted or omitted by Pei Songzhi.
The question is, when was the first sentence "May 18th"? Mr. Cao Daoheng said: "This letter was written between the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12) and the twenty-second year (2 17). Professor Fang Beichen of Sichuan University concluded that the date of this letter was February, the 20th year of Jian 'an (265,438+05). According to the records in Wei Lue, it is said that there is such a thing as "the army went west, the prince was in the town, and the writing was of good quality", "The History of the Three Kingdoms, and the Ji of Emperor Wu". In addition, Cao Pi's letters also indirectly revealed that Wu Zhi was already the order of Yuancheng at that time. At the end of the letter, I wrote: "I sent a car to Ye, so I made a mistake." It is reported that Cao Pi was in Jin Meng when he wrote this letter, and Yecheng is about 230 kilometers northeast of Jin Meng. Its normal route should be that the emissary went to Chao Ge about one hundred and fifty kilometers northeast, and then went to Yecheng about 80 kilometers north. If Wu Zhi were still singing in the morning, Xelloss would not say that he had "abandoned Tao", but that he had sung in the morning. Yuancheng is about120km northeast of Chao Ge, and Yecheng is about 80km northwest. Yecheng, Yuancheng and Chao Ge are slightly isosceles triangles. Therefore, Cao Pi's emissary first went from Chao Ge to Yuancheng, and then bypassed Yecheng. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that "the Tao is wasted", which also proves that Wu Zhi is indeed in Yuancheng.
This frank and clear letter was born in Jian 'an period, which has its historical inevitability. First of all, the social reality at that time prompted people to reflect on Confucianism, which had long bound their thoughts, and cultural autocracy was weakened. As a result, literature got rid of the status of the vassal of Confucian classics, and made the formalism with boring content and rhetoric move towards the realism of expressing * * * and describing social life. Although the titles of many works use old Yuefu songs, they inject fresh realistic content and enhance the vitality of literature. Secondly, the status of literati has improved. Mr. Lu Xun said: "The Wei Chu era at the end of Han Dynasty is a very important era, which has undergone major changes in literature." In his article "Wei and Jin demeanor and the relationship between articles and medicinal liquor", he emphasized that the literary feature at that time was "to be refined and detached". Why did you take it off? Nature also has a lot to do with the atmosphere at that time. "What kind of atmosphere? That is, "abolishing stubbornness can fully accommodate heresy and foreign ideas, so it introduces ideas other than Confucianism." Lu Xun thought: "Freedom is casual. This advocacy has influenced the literary world and produced articles that you can say whatever you want ... From the perspective of modern literature, Cao Pi's era can be said to be the' conscious era of literature', or in modern words, it is a genre of art for art's sake. Therefore, Cao Pi's poems are very good, and because he is mainly' qi', he is stronger than gorgeous. To sum up, Wei Chu's articles at the end of Han Dynasty can be said to be "clear, bright, colorful and strong". "This kind of comment should be concise and to the point. As a result, scholars have been taken seriously, resulting in many literary masters.
Before that, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong could write great poems in the Western Han Dynasty, but their status was not high. Biography of Sima Xiangru in Historical Records says: During the period of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, "it is not good to regard Emperor Jing as a filial servant and a constant servant of martial arts." It is not good for Hui Jingdi to pay tribute. Liang Xiaowang should go to North Korea. As far as lobbyists are concerned, Zou Yang, Huaiyin Meicheng and Wu Zhuangji are disciples of the master. They talked as soon as they met, and they were saved from illness. Liang Xiaowang's order is to share the house with all the students and get along with them. A scholar lived for several years and wrote Zi Xu Fu. " Although he became a wealthy businessman because of his rich family, Emperor Jingdi didn't like Ci Fu, and Sima Xiangru's talents could not be put to good use. When he arrived at Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the situation improved slightly before he was appointed as Lang. Yang Xiong is even worse. "History of Han Yang Xiongzhuan" wrote, "Sima Changqing stole the police of Zhuojia, and Dong Fangshuo cut the king ... The servant Cheng Can couldn't get along with these officials, so he silently guarded my propaganda." It is based on "family poverty", which shows that in the eyes of the emperor, people with literary talent are actually trying to relieve boredom in his leisure time. Sima Qian's "Letter to Ren An" clearly shows this point: "The ephemeris of literature and history is close to the ephemeris between divination and blessing, and it is ridiculed by the lords, advocating advanced animals and ignoring popular customs." This phenomenon was greatly improved during the Three Kingdoms period, which was related to the advocacy of some rulers. This is the result that the hegemonic position of Confucianism was broken and the cultural absolutism was weakened in Han Dynasty.
Cao Shi and his son love literature. The History of the Three Kingdoms and Emperor Wendi quoted Wei Wendi's "self-narration" in Dian Lun: "Although Cao Cao is gentle and good at poetry and calligraphy, although he is in the army, he always keeps calm. As the saying goes, there are few good scholars and many forgetful people. Yuan Boye and I are the only people who can be diligent when they grow up. I study the Five Classics and Four Books, the words of history, Chinese and a hundred schools of thought, and I recite few poems and theories. " Cao Shi and his son not only create their own literature, but also often sing and write poems with a group of people gathered around them to discuss and exchange experiences in article creation. The life of these literati in North Korea is relatively stable, so they have time to create literature and form a good literary atmosphere. Under the auspices of Cao Cao and others, there was even a gathering of scholars in the West Park. RoyceWong's "Palace" poem says, "Go to Scholar's Academy and sit in the shade. Jiayao is full and round, aiming at brewing wine with high gold content. The orchestral sound is clear and sad. Sit together and have fun, and complain that the cup is late. I often listen to the words of the poet, and I will not return until I am drunk. " The so-called Scholar's Academy in the poem refers to what Cao Cao called the Party. RoyceWong and Cao Cao not only "sit side by side at the beginning of the lights", but even "sit together happily". Obviously, at this time, there is no hierarchy at all, and all is the fun of literary friends.
Cao Shi brothers often meet in the West Garden of Wei Palace in Yecheng, drinking and writing poems, and organizing literati gatherings. In the Selected Works, Cao Zhi, RoyceWong and Serina Liu's Poem Gong and Ying's Poem Jian Zhang Li Tai came into being under this background. In Cao Zhi's poem Gong, there is a saying, "A son loves his guests and never tires of the banquet. Traveling to the West Park in the clear night, flying with the cover ... fluttering and letting go of the will, the future will grow. " In response to the poem "Gong", "Zi loves guests and enjoys drinking." These two poems reflect the gathering of scholars in the West Garden hosted by Cao Pi, during which frequent visitors include Cao Zhi, RoyceWong, Serina Liu and Wu Zhi. Zhong Rong described the situation at that time in the poem: "The gentle Tsao Gong and his son are the brothers of the Plain, Wendong, Liu Zhen and RoyceWong, who are their wings, climbed the dragon and attached the phoenix, and returned to the car to hide the glory of the hundred Chinese fir trees for the time being." In the eyes of Cao Shi and his son, these literati are no longer mockers, but literary confidants and literary friends who get along equally. Wu Zhi is one of them.
Wu Zhi (177-230) According to the biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Zhi, "Yin Ji (now the northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province) was born with a good literary talent, and his official was a general, who was in charge of the military in Hebei Province and was sealed." When Pei Songzhi quoted Wei Lue, he wrote: "(Wu) has a strong personality and is knowledgeable with his talents. He was loved by the five senses general (Cao Pi) and the princes. " There are only a few words in the above-mentioned historical materials, but two points are worth noting: first, Wu Caixue is outstanding, so he can be loved by a high literary accomplishment; The second is "Feng Hou", which was the highest title that a different surname could get at that time, indicating that he received special courtesy within Cao Wei Group. Scholars like Wu were not uncommon at that time. Chen Lin, Xu Gan and Ying are close friends of Cao Shi and his son. But why is he especially favored by Cao Pi? Simply put, this is because Wu Zhi played a great role in helping Cao Pi win the crown prince.
When Prince Wang Wei was not established, Cao Cao was deeply loved by Cao Zhi for his outstanding talent and agile thinking. Cao Zhi has rockett, Ding Geng, Yang Xiu and other wings, which makes Cao Cao determined to make Cao A Zhi Prince several times. However, Cao Zhi has a free and easy personality and a strong scholar habit. "He is willful, self-motivated, and has no restraint in drinking." The Biography of the Three Kingdoms of Chen Si and Wang Zhi quoted Wei Wu's story as saying: "The most important thing can be decided by the son." He also ordered,' I'll go to Linzi privately from Hou Zhi and open Simamen to Jinmen, so that I can see this'. "
Throughout Wang Cao's struggle for the Crown Prince, it can be said that it is thoughtful. Cao Zhi is willful, and he "quibbles and pretends to be affectionate". Wang Cao is closely related to Chen Qun, Wu Zhi, Sima Yi and Zhu Shuo, who are also called "four friends". Every time there is a big event, I will discuss it with him, and Wu Zhi has contributed a lot. The Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Si and Wang Zhi quoted Shi Yu as saying: "There are talented people who are used by Mao. Like the rockett brothers, they all want to be heirs. When the prince suffers from it, he is ruined by the car, and the song of the inner court is long with Wu Zhi and Mou. "
Wu Zhi Biography of the Three Kingdoms also recorded in Shi Yu: "Wang Wei wanted to go to war, and Prince Linzi and Hou Zhi were sent to the roadside. Plant said merit, words have chapters, left and right eyes, Wang Yi Yue Yan. The prince was disappointed and lost himself. Wu Zhier said,' When the king walks, he can shed tears.' With words, the prince bowed in tears, and the king and his left and right were thirsty, so they all used words to enrich themselves, but their sincerity was not as good as theirs. "Finally xelloss with the help of all, finally won the crown prince.
After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he greatly improved Wu's quality. Pei Songzhi quoted Wei Lue from the Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Zhi, saying, "Wei won the world, and the Emperor Wen had quality, so he drove to Luoyang with the chariot. When he arrived, he worshipped the commander-in-chief of the Northern Army and conferred the title of Hou, and was the Lord of the secluded land, the military department and the Xinzhou capital. " He also quoted "Biography of Quality": "Emperor (Wang Cao) tasted quality and Cao Xiu, and ordered Guo Hou to go through the customs to see quality. The emperor said,' Your Majesty looks up.' Their closest relatives are like this. "This can see the queen's courtesy on his back, not all cronies and slaves can enjoy. Pei Songzhi's Dian Lun records that when Cao Pi was a prince, he gave a banquet to entertain literary friends and ordered his wife Zhen Shi to become a monk to worship. In the seat, everyone was salty, but (Liu) Zhen looked up alone. When Mao heard about it, he made a move and lost the crime of mitigating death. "After xelloss proclaimed himself, personally let wu look up to the queen, showing his position in his mind.
The above historical background helps us to understand the contents of this letter. Now let's analyze the full text.
At the beginning of the first paragraph, the idiom of people's letters was used, which quickly brought out the author's feelings, and its center was naturally "missing". This feeling of missing friends is not a little bit, nor is it a hypocritical confession, but an irresistible real feeling. Twenty years after Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Pi was still a corps commander with good features and needed close friends to help him fight for the crown prince. At that time, Wu Zhi was promoted to Yuan Cheng, more than 80 kilometers east of Yecheng. Although the journey is not far, due to official duties and restrictions, we can't meet often, which increases Cao Pi's yearning for him. This yearning not only contains the desire to meet friends, but also contains the urgent mood of asking for help, so it naturally brings out the sincere words of "I would like to talk, but I can't do my duty". Its "wish to speak" is properly used. In the Book of Songs, the second son takes a boat, there is a saying: "The second son takes a boat and sees all the scenery." I am willing to think of my son and raise him in the center. "Poetry is the children of parents who miss boating. This sentence of Cao Pi has profound implications. Although Yuancheng is close, it is remote and there are few contacts. The author's yearning for Wu Zhi has reached an unbearable level.
The second paragraph is the essence of the whole article. From the content point of view, from recalling the scene of studying the works of the Six Classics with friends and the pleasure of swimming in Nanpi, and then turning to the memory of friends' early death, there is a sigh of "it is difficult to be happy". Formally, this passage is a patchwork and lyrical sentence, which is catchy to read, and it also deliberately melts the feelings of missing into compound sentence, making readers deeply moved. Emotionally speaking, it is to write for the truth, first happy and then sad. Playing chess makes Liu Bo naturally happy; Sweet melons and Zhu Li are born sweet, and the conversation from day to night is full of pleasant atmosphere. When I heard "sadness", I suddenly felt "difficult to be happy", and I thought that the Jian' an scribes who traveled together in those years were either one of their own or "turned into foreign bodies", so I couldn't help but feel sad. It is worth mentioning that the meanings of "mourning" and "mourning" in the letter are slightly different from those of "mourning" today. Sadness means generosity, sadness is a majestic voice, and people in the Han and Jin Dynasties called the wonderful voice sadness. Therefore, "mourning is sweet to the ear" and the smell of "mourning" is "mourning". Scholars in the Three Kingdoms cherish life and advocate truth, but often lament that life is short. Where will you go's sad fog has always hung over the minds of scholars. Swimming in Nanpi is a pleasure, but it is natural to get together and have a rest. People often say that "everything must come to an end", not to mention that parties are often short and rare, but separation is long and easy! From gathering and dispersing to associating with the shortness of life and the fleeting life, old friends suddenly "turn into foreign bodies", and life and death are separated, which of course makes people feel sad and sad. This joy of revelry suddenly turned into inexplicable sadness about the impermanence of life, which was very common in literary works in Han and Jin Dynasties. The first sentence of "Today's Good Banquet" in Nineteen Ancient Poems of the Eastern Han Dynasty is "Today's Good Banquet is beyond description". Suddenly, there is a kind of sadness that "the election is suddenly settled for life." Rereading the first paragraph of Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, we can see that "seeing and hearing is enough, believing in cola" is because a group of talented people have come to a banquet, attracting the beauty of mountains and rivers, the vastness of the universe and the prosperity of categories. The second paragraph suddenly expresses sadness: "I didn't know that the old times came." "I know that the dead life was a fake birth, and Peng Qi's mourning was a mistake." Of course, the purpose of lamenting that life is perishable is not to make people feel sad and fall into it, but to make people cherish life more. Cao Pi's sadness at this time comes from his deep yearning for his friends, thus cherishing the friendship with the living more.
The third paragraph highlights the word "love". On May Day in early summer, the refreshing warm wind blows slowly, everything shakes with the wind, and good fruits gather together. On sunny days, the driver and his literary attendants began to travel around. It's also a kind of fun, but things are different, and things give birth to feelings. How can people not miss their old friends? This feeling is from the heart, for the dead, for the living, and the scene blends. The author finds it difficult to express his inner feelings in any language, so he has to say goodbye to his friends with "self-love".
The full text of the letter ends with the interweaving of joy and melancholy, expressing deep and sincere friendship for friends and deeply cherishing the memory of the old friend who turned into a foreign object. The full text describes two places of travel, expressing a feeling that festivals are different at the same time and things are different, which is produced by the contrast between the present and the past. Memories of the happy past have somewhat diluted the sadness and melancholy of parting in the real environment. At that time, most of the literati lived around the nobles. In order to pursue allusions and antithesis, their works inevitably used a lot of colorful rhetoric, and even covered up the emptiness of the content in a beautiful and delicate form, which made the prose tend to be parallel prose. Cao Pi's letter is not only beautifully worded and sincere, but also rich in content, rigorous in structure and concise in writing. I miss you between the lines and turn my feelings into beautiful sentences. The words are beautiful but not gorgeous. They are hand-picked by Canon, not deliberately piled up. It is an excellent parallel prose that can best reflect the demeanor of Wei and Jin dynasties, and it is also one of the most elegant and full of human feelings that can best represent Cao Pi.